A large-scale study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology has found that women who engage in regular strength training have a significantly lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, according to the report. The study examined data from 117,025 women over an average follow-up period of 14.5 years, drawing on participants from the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II, the authors stated. [1]
Women who performed any amount of resistance training had a lower risk of cardiovascular events compared with those who did none, according to Tianyue Zhang, first author and visiting scientist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. [2] The association persisted after adjusting for overall lifestyle and health factors, the study stated. [2]
Among the study’s specific findings, women who performed at least two hours of resistance training per week had a 44% lower risk of heart attack relative to women who did no resistance training, the report said. [2] Any cardiovascular disease risk was 20% lower for that group, with an additional 5% reduction per extra hour of weekly resistance training, according to the study. [1]
Prior research has also indicated that strength training can cut heart attack risk. A separate analysis of data from nearly 13,000 adults found that less than an hour of strength training per week reduced the risk of heart attack and stroke by 40% to 70%. [3] However, the new study found no significant effect on stroke risk specifically, researchers noted. [2]
The benefits of strength training were more pronounced among women who maintained resistance training consistently and trained both upper and lower body, according to the study. [1] Adding strength training to regular aerobic exercise – such as walking or running – was linked to better heart health, Zhang said. [4]
Physical activity that includes both aerobic and resistance components has long been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. A classic study comparing London bus drivers and conductors found that coronary heart disease was less by half among the conductors, who were more physically active. [5] The new findings held true across different age groups and body mass index categories, investigators reported. [2]
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women, the American Heart Association has stated. [6] Women are more likely to die from a first heart attack involving a completely blocked artery than men, according to prior research cited in the study. [2]
Current guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, plus resistance training on two or more days, Zhang noted. [2] A large international study found that 99% of heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure cases were preceded by at least one measurable risk factor, indicating that lifestyle interventions such as exercise can address underlying risk. [7]
Future studies should include more diverse groups of women and examine varying amounts and types of strength training, Zhang said. [2] Researchers also recommended investigating how different sedentary behaviors – such as desk work versus television viewing – interact with both aerobic and resistance exercise, according to the study. [2] Continued research on lifestyle strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk is essential, the study authors concluded. [2]