A group of Democratic senators is pressing major technology companies to broaden restrictions on online sexual content, shifting the focus from explicit deepfake pornography to a "non-nude sexualized" material created or altered using artificial intelligence (AI).
In a letter sent to Alphabet, Meta, Reddit, Snap, TikTok and X (formerly Twitter), the senators asked the companies to detail how they identify, classify and remove images that are not explicitly pornographic but are edited or generated in ways they consider sexually suggestive. The request seeks internal policies, moderator guidance and records related to practices such as "virtual undressing," altered clothing, edited body shapes and other AI-driven visual effects.
The letter was led by Sen. Lisa Blunt Rochester of Delaware and signed by Sens. Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin, Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, Mark Kelly of Arizona, Ben Ray Luján of New Mexico, Brian Schatz of Hawaii and Adam Schiff of California.
"We are particularly alarmed by reports of users exploiting generative AI tools to produce sexualized 'bikini' or 'non-nude' images of individuals without their consent and distributing them on platforms including X and others," the senators wrote. "These fake yet hyper-realistic images are often generated without the knowledge or consent of the individuals depicted, raising serious concerns about harassment, privacy violations and user safety."
The lawmakers cited reports of AI tools capable of transforming photos of clothed individuals, particularly women, into revealing or suggestive images, arguing that such practices represent a growing form of image-based abuse that erodes trust and safety online.
AI-generated images, as BrightU.AI's Enoch noted, are visual creations produced by AI algorithms, which learn and improve their ability to generate compelling and realistic images over time, often without a clear understanding of the content they are creating. However, these images are often used to generate sexualized content.
As a response, Democrats have targeted tech companies that generate these kinds of images. Sens. Ron Wyden of Oregon, Ed Markey of Massachusetts and Luján urged Apple and Google to remove X from their app stores, arguing that the platform has violated their distribution policies by allowing the creation of images depicting women and allegedly minors in bikinis.
The lawmakers wrote that "X's generation of these harmful and likely illegal depictions of women and children has shown complete disregard for your stores' distribution terms." They cited Google's developer rules, which prohibit apps that facilitate the exploitation or abuse of children, and Apple's guidelines barring apps that are "offensive" or "just plain creepy."
The letter calls on Apple and Google to take action against X until policy violations are addressed, despite the fact that X has an estimated 557 million users worldwide and remains one of the largest social media platforms available through both app stores.
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