Originally published November 4 2005
Geothermal heat pumps streamline the process of heat exchange
by Mike Adams, the Health Ranger, NaturalNews Editor
Environmentally friendly, geothermal heat pumps shortcut the process of heat exchange as performed by other heat pump systems, in that it bypasses cooling tower and boiler technologies to draw water directly from the ground.
The physicists said that their findings indicate that climate models of global warming need to be corrected for the effects of changes in solar activity.
However, they emphasized that their findings do not argue against the basic theory that significant global warming is occurring because of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases.
Scafetta's and West's study follows a Columbia University researcher's report of previous errors in the interpretation of data on solar brightness collected by sun-observing satellites.
The Duke physicists also introduce new statistical methods that they assert more accurately describe the atmosphere's delayed response to solar heating.
According to Scafetta, records of sunspot activity suggest that solar output has been rising slightly for about 100 years.
However, only measurements of what is known as total solar irradiance gathered by satellites orbiting since 1978 are considered scientifically reliable, he said.
But observations over those years were flawed by the space shuttle Challenger disaster, which prevented the launching of a new solar output detecting satellite called ACRIM 2 to replace a previous one called ACRIM 1.
That resulted in a two-year data gap that scientists had to rely on other satellites to try to bridge.
"But those data were not as precise as those from ACRIM 1 and ACRIM 2," Scafetta said in an interview.
Nevertheless, several research groups used the combined satellite data to conclude that that there was no increased heating from the Sun to contribute to the global surface warming observed between 1980 and 2002, the authors wrote in their paper.
Lacking a standardized, uninterrupted data stream measuring any rising solar influence, those groups thus surmised that all global temperature increases measured during those years had to be caused by solar heat-trapping "greenhouse" gases such as carbon dioxide, introduced into Earth's atmosphere by human activities, their paper added.
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