These guidelines also address the challenges of creating both external fuel cells, which would emulate an AC adaptor and those of more integrated fuel cells – for example, replacing the second battery some users insert into a media bay.
With the increasing availability of wireless network access through Wireless LAN (WiFi) and innovations in thin and light form factors, consumers and enterprise users access their mobile PCs longer and longer for anytime, anyplace computing, entertainment and education. This has led to an increasing demand on battery life in mobile PCs.
“As the mobile PC power sources industry focuses on providing solutions for all-day computing and beyond, alternative solutions such as fuel cells will gain increasing importance,” said Kamal Shah, manager, Mobility Enabling Initiative, Mobile Platforms Group, Intel Corporation and chairman of the Mobile PC Extended Battery Life Working Group. “This document guides fuel cell developers on what it takes to design fuel cells for all-day computing for mobile PCs.”
Fuel cell technology promises to power mobile PCs for full working days and longer, freeing users from the need to search for power outlets to charge batteries. Instant refueling with cartridges could extend run time almost indefinitely.
Fuel cells, however, operate differently than a battery. Instead of storing and releasing charge, a fuel cell provides a steady supply of power generated from a fuel. The power consumed by notebooks is very uneven, driven by bursts of computing, spinning up of disk drives, and other such transient events. While the stored charge of batteries can easily match this varying demand, the steady power output generated by fuel cells needs careful management of the fuel cell system to match it to such variable power demands.
Fuel cell industry companies see plenty of value in the document.
“Currently more than 60 organizations worldwide are working on Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) technology for portable power applications. This momentum, in combination with the guidance of this working group which brings together Intel and other major companies in the mobile PC business, is a very positive impetus to the industry in its quest to develop portable fuel cells that meet the mobile users’ desire for all day runtimes and ‘anytime, anywhere’ computing,” said Jim Balcom, president and CEO of PolyFuel.
The guidelines have been helpful to STMicroelectronics to simulate these variables.
“These comprehensive guidelines enabled us to evaluate the feasibility of fuel cell designs and the related power management for notebook PCs,” said Nicola Tricomi, Segment Marketing Manager for Industrial and Power Conversion at STMicroelectronics. “The EBL Work Group does a great job collecting the necessary information that allows us to set up a real model to simulate the mobile PC power requirements.”
At the heart of a fuel cell system is the fuel cell itself, surrounded by support components. Like a car engine, many fuel cell systems need a fuel pump, cooling, support electronics and a starter battery. A full system, in fact, will often be like the power system in a hybrid vehicle, with the engine (fuel cell) and a battery sharing the power demands. In total, it can be a complex system as noted by Millennium Cell.
“These guidelines are an invaluable source of information for companies working to provide all-day, integrated power sources for notebook computer users,” said Gregory Smith, marketing director of consumer electronics for Millennium Cell. “We have made this information an integral part of our product development process.”
“The first step in providing a fuel cell solution is to define the problem said David McLeod, vice president of marketing and business development at Tekion Inc. “The Notebook PC Fuel Cell guidelines prepared by the Extended Battery Life Working Group does an excellent job in defining the problem and it is now up to the fuel cell community to come up with a solution.”
The document can be obtained by contacting the EBL WG at [email protected] and more information about the EBL WG can be found at eblwg.org.