Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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 Estrogen is important for adolescent sexual development, prepares the uterus for receiving a fertilized egg, and affects all the body's cells; its levels decline after menopause. Estrogen slows down bone loss, helps reverse the incidence of heart attacks, and acts as an antiaging factor.
Progesterone: A female sex hormone produced in the ovaries that prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg and then stops cell proliferation in the uterus if pregnancy does not occur. When estrogen is high (days 7 to 14 of a woman's cycle), the level of progesterone is at its lowest. |
C. W. Randolph, M.D.
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 Supports the growth and function of the uterus, specifically creating the lining of the uterus to prepare it for pregnancy.
• Stimulates cell growth.
During these same years, progesterone does the following:
• Maintains the uterus and prepares it for pregnancy during the reproductive years.
• Promotes the survival of an ovum (egg) once it is fertilized.
• Stimulates bone building that can prevent or treat osteoporosis.
• Acts as a natural diuretic to prevent bloating.
In women and men, progesterone also does the following:
• Serves as a natural antidepressant. |
Bottom Line Health
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| Ovulation does not occur, but the endometrium (lining of the uterus) thickens and is then shed incompletely and irregularly, causing bleeding.
In the past, abnormal uterine bleeding was treated by a complete hysterectomy.
Alternatives to hysterectomy...
•Endometrial ablation. This approach, requires no incision and is performed on an outpatient basis. It stops uterine bleeding in up to 80% of women.
How it works: A hysteroscope(a thin, lighted telescope) is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. An electric current or laser is then used to heat and destroy the endometrium. |
Dawson Church
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 A more recent experiment measured the electrical charge of the uterus of a group of women. The researchers found that the uteruses of women with uterine cancer had a negative charge, while those without cancer had a positive charge. The negative charge in many tumors is assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. It is also helping doctors to identify other forms of cancer, as well as other diseases.43 Conduction is also different in healthy organs and unhealthy ones. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 Note that the words hysteria and hysterectomy (the surgical removal of the uterus) have the same word roots. That's because a hysterectomy was a procedure originally developed by men and used as a surgical weapon to make women "less hysterical." It was long believed that the uterus was an organ that caused insanity! In reality, the organ that no doubt causes the most insanity is the penis, but that's another story... notice that you don't see male doctors recommending penisectomies as a cure for male insanity. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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| Progesterone: A female sex hormone produced in the ovaries that prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg and then stops cell proliferation in the uterus if pregnancy does not occur. When estrogen is high (days 7 to 14 of a woman's cycle), the level of progesterone is at its lowest. Its levels climb to a peak around days 14 to 24 and then drop off again just before the start of menstruation. Around age 35, a woman usually starts producing less progesterone.
Pregnenolone: The parent hormone for DHEA and other key hormones. |
Shannon Brownlee
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 Two procedures in particular stood out: the hysterectomy, in which a surgeon removes a woman's uterus and sometimes her ovaries and cervix, and the prostatectomy, or removal of a man's prostate gland, which sits at the base of the penis and helps produce seminal fluid. Hysterectomies were performed for a variety of reasons: to get rid of fibroid tumors, a noncancerous type of growth on the uterus that can cause bleeding and cramps; to reduce premenstrual symptoms; to cure the pain from another abnormal growth called endometriosis; and sometimes as an expensive form of birth control. |
C. W. Randolph, M.D.
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| If you are a woman who has had a partial hysterectomy—that is, removal of the uterus only—you can still be estrogen dominant because your ovaries will continue to produce some estrogen and even less progesterone.
If you are a woman who has had a complete hysterectomy—that is, removal of the entire reproductive tract (the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries), you can still be estrogen dominant. Even though you no longer have ovaries, your body fat is still producing estrogen.
Estrogen-Dominant Men
For men, Question 1 is easy. |
Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D.
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 A combination of other hormones matures that one egg and pops a hole in its sac in the ovary (corpus luteum) so that it can escape to the uterus. The corpus luteum then produces progesterone to plump up the uterus and prepare it for pregnancy. If the egg isn't fertilized, the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone and women experience a period (what a great term for the end of a cycle).
Somehow nature got it just right. Typically, your body produces the perfect amount of hormones at the appropriate time, so that you have only one egg available for fertilization and implantation each month. |
| For women without a uterus (who have undergone a hysterectomy), no progestin is needed to protect the uterus. The data of estrogen-alone therapy are similar to column one (or column four if aspirin is used).
(continued on next page) aspirin to reduce the clotting effect. Second, the progestin studied in the Women's Health Initiative was one that has been shown subsequently to counter estrogen's positive cardiovascular effects. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 Prostaglandins are hormones that have a wide range of functions, including causing the contraction of blood vessels in the endometrium at the end of the menstrual cycle, which causes the endometrium to sluff off from the uterus as menses. In this case misoprostol facilitates passage of material from the uterus. Because of the risk of bleeding, infection, or incomplete abortion, all of which are potentially fatal, this drug should not be used unless there are follow-up appointments with a physician. |
Devra Davis
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 Surgeons, doing a lucrative business removing uteruses, fought bitterly with gynecologists, who thought they should regularly observe the cervix and remove tissue pieces rather than the entire uterus. Big money and big egos were at stake. The private fee-for-service insurance systems advocated by medical societies designated medical doctors as the sole source of testing.
A Pap smear could be performed in a clinic by a technologist and read under a microscope by a lab technician. Neither task required a medical degree. |
Marshall Editions
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 This minimizes pressure from the uterus on the veins in your pelvic area and improves blood flow to the fetus.
> 33
O O
CO
HOMEOPATHY
This condition can vary in severity from a minor cosmetic nuisance to a major problem that causes a great deal of distress in the form of irritation and aching, and homeopathic support needs to be appropriate to the needs of the situation. The following advice is geared towards alleviating the discomfort of varicose veins that only surface infrequently, and are mild in nature. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 All that insulin can overwhelm a woman's ovaries to the point where she stops producing progesterone, the hormone that is required to prepare the uterus for pregnancy and to maintain that pregnancy. What happens is that instead of progesterone, the ovaries begin to turn out excessive amounts of androgens or "masculine hormones." Mind you, we women want a little testosterone in our system to maintain a healthy sex drive, but too much androgen can be, as you might expect, rather unfeminine. |
| Warburg's discovery, a growing number of scientists are citing a high sugar intake as a factor in the development of cancers of the breast, gallbladder, prostate, colon, uterus, and pancreas. In fact, researchers suspect that high sugar and insulin levels encourage tumor growth.
Internationally recognized integrative cancer-care specialist Keith I. Block, M.D., points out: "A major ingredient in the recipe for getting cancer is a diet high in refined sugar, and high in unhealthy fats, particularly omega-6 fatty acids and saturated fats," contends Dr. |
| Some children get hyperactive in the uterus when the mother eats certain foods," believes Dr. Rapp, who contends that ingesting both sugar and additives can cause learning problems, headaches, and fatigue.
Problems with Studies That Seek to Debunk Hyperactivity Theory
In reviewing hundreds of medical studies, Dr. Nancy Appleton, author of Lick the Sugar Habit, found considerable research linking multiple behavioral problems to sweets, including hyperactivity, anxiety, crankiness, and concentration problems.
Like other experts, Dr. |
Byron J. Richards, CCN
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 The corpus luteum, that was previously holding the egg, now makes progesterone for the second half of the menstrual cycle to help proteins attach to the wall of the uterus in case there is a pregnancy.
If there is no pregnancy, then progesterone production stops and the wall of the uterus is sheathed off, resulting in menstruation. The process repeats itself, generally in a 28-day pattern.
Returning to the story of the leptin-void ob/ob mouse; it has great difficulty reproducing. This was the first clue that leptin played a significant role in the menstrual cycle. |
Bottom Line Health
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| During the past 25 years, advances in gynecologic surgery have caused a steady decline in the number of hysterectomies (removal of the entire uterus) performed in the US.
Now: A variety of new surgical techniques are giving women even more options for treating abnormal uterine bleeding and fibroid tumors.
ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
This condition typically occurs in women older than age 45. It results from a high level of estrogen that is not balanced by progesterone. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
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 Footbaths, in particular, can help improve conditions of the lungs, bladder, prostate, and uterus. They also can be very therapeutic in treating odoriferous and aching feet, as well as in helping to reduce cellulite, swelling, calluses, leg cramps, and varicose veins. And they are an excellent preventive treatment at the first signs of a cold, sore throat, headache, or congestion in the eyes and ears, as the heat draws congestion away from the respiratory system. |
| It fights infection, increases circulation to the uterus, and promotes tissue healing. When used as a digestive aid, it stimulates digestive secretions. It can be used to treat amenorrhea, colds, colic, convulsions, cough, delayed labor, delayed menses, dysmenorrhea, dyspepsia, fever, flatulence, flu, headache, hysteria, indigestion, measles, nausea, nervousness, placenta retention, stress, and whooping cough.
Topically, pennyroyal can be used as a wash to treat chicken pox, diaper rash, hives, itching skin, measles, mumps, poison ivy or oak, psoriasis, scabies, and shingles. |
Bottom Line Health
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| How it works: A balloon that is filled with fluid is placed in the uterus and heated until it destroys the endometrium without damaging surrounding tissue.
UTERINE FIBROIDS
Up to 40% of hysterectomies are performed to remove uterine fibroids. Although the cause of these tumors is unknown, recent research has linked them to a genetic mutation. Fibroids are almost always benign and often produce no symptoms.
However, fibroids can cause extremely heavy or frequent menstrual flow (sometimes leading to anemia).. .chronic pain.. .bloating.. .pressure on the bladder and other internal organs... |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| Still more research examined carbohydrate's link to other types of cancer:
* Researchers from Italy, France, and Canada who studied 1,000 women in Italy and Switzerland for 10 years found that the more high-glycemic foods participants ate, the higher their risks of endometrial cancer (cancer of the uterus). |
Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey
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 Integrator 4 has bioenergetic ties in females to the ovaries (aspects of which are distributed among several Integrators), cervix, and uterus, so it is important to the proper bioenergetic regulation of menstrual cycles. Your bladder also finds a bioenergetic home in Integrator 4. Finally, this Energetic Integrator is energetically matched to many types of environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals, so sensitivities can show up as a distortion here. |
Devra Davis
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| The idea that reading a glass slide might replace the need for surgical removal of a piece of the uterus to determine its health constituted a major threat to surgeons. Furthermore, the notion that public health agencies and nurses could conduct tests, train experts to read them and screen large numbers of people for signs of illness was seen by many physicians as a plot to socialize medicine.
The controversy smoldered throughout the 1950s. On one hand, intransigent, skeptical surgeons sought to maintain their bread and butter biopsy practice. |
| If all cells of the cervix have converted to cancer cells, this is called carcinoma in situ and the entire uterus must be removed. But in the 1930s, the medical world was not moved by Papanicolaou's work, and women, black and white, continued to die at alarming rates.
Grade l
Mild Dysplasia
Cr;id<-
Moderate Dysplasia
Grade 3
Severe Dysplasia
Cain-Si tu
Low Grade
High Grade sll
Figure 5-1 The cells of the cervix send tell-tale signals of their health. Normal cells, seen on the left, are round and regular. Cells that can become or are cancerous take increasingly irregular shapes. |
| Shorter squamous cells populate the vagina, while longer columnar cells line the uterus. The area where the longer cells meet the shorter ones is where the action is. Papanicolaou figured out that cancers tend to arise in this fast-growth zone.
Ordinary cells stay in place and follow well-established orders to stay alive. An exquisite system of cues and cellular signals determines cell growth, size, the nature of their centers and even their time of death. The terms we use to depict cellular derangements reflect the vital importance of order. |
| But the Pap smear, as it came to be known, provided an ingenious way to take a cellular snapshot of what was going on inside of the uterus by probing the metabolically active glandular cells that poke into the top of the vagina.
Where cells occur determines not only their shape but the size and density of their nuclei, the command and control centers that house our genetic material. The heart of the cell contains most of the materials that determine how it responds to various assaults. |
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