Gabriel Cousens See book keywords and concepts | A direct association was observed between television watching and risk of developing diabetes. The men who reported sitting in front of a TV more than nineteen hours per week were more than 150 percent more likely to become diabetic than those who watched less than three hours a week. "Bubble gum for the eyes," Steve Allen called it. television watching is another form of inactivity, and increasing evidence suggests that exercise is protective against the development of Type-2 diabetes mellitus. | | Television Programming
Let's look at television watching specifically. A study by the American Diabetes Association followed 41,811 men ages 40 to 75 over a ten-year period. A direct association was observed between television watching and risk of developing diabetes. The men who reported sitting in front of a TV more than nineteen hours per week were more than 150 percent more likely to become diabetic than those who watched less than three hours a week. "Bubble gum for the eyes," Steve Allen called it. | Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts | Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [see comments]. JAMA 279, 938-942.
80. Robinson, T. N., Hammer, L. D., Killen, J. D., Kraemer, H. C, Wilson, D. M., Hayward, C, and Taylor, C. B. (1993). Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls [see comments]. Pediatrics 91, 273-280.
81. Robinson, T. N., and Killen, J. D. (1995). | | Television watching and frequency of family meals are predictive of overweight onset and persistence in a national sample of school-aged children. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 107(1), 53-61.
90. Utter, J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Jeffery, R., and Story, M. (2003). Couch potatoes or French fries: Are sedentary behaviors associated with body mass index, physical activity, and dietary behaviors among adolescents? J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 103(10), 1298-1305.
91. Tucker, L. A., and Friedman, G. M. (1989). Television viewing and obesity in adult males. Am. J. Public Health 19, 516-518.
92. Tucker, L. A. | | Television watching increases motivated responding for food and energy intake in children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85, 355-361.
97. DeMattia, L., Lemont, L., and Meurer, L. (2007). Do interventions to limit sedentary behaviours change behaviour and reduce childhood obesity? A critical review of the literature. Obes. Rev. 8(1), 69-81.
98. Epstein, L. H., Valoski, A. M., Vara, L. S., McCurley, J., Wisniewski, L., Kalarchian, M. A., Klein, K. R., and Shrager, L. R. (1995). Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children. Health Psychol. 14, 109-115. | | In addition, evidence linking television watching and body weight and level of fatness in children [6] has led to a recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics to limit television and video viewing to a maximum of 2 hours per day to reduce the risk of overweight among children [67].
C. How Do Current Activity Levels Compare to These Guidelines? | | In addition to potentially contributing to lower energy expenditure by displacing time potentially spent in more active pursuits, television viewing has been hypothesized to contribute to excess energy intake. television watching can serve as a cue for eating given the numerous references to food and commercials for food, often high-fat, high-energy foods, on television [64, 65].
According to data provided by A. C. Nielsen Company, the average household television set is turned on for more than 7 hours per day [66]. | Gabriel Cousens See book keywords and concepts | Bubble gum for the eyes," Steve Allen called it. television watching is another form of inactivity, and increasing evidence suggests that exercise is protective against the development of Type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Every two hours per week you spend watching TV instead of pursuing something more active increases the chances of developing diabetes by 14 percent.1
Overweight and Obesity
It is important to understand overweight and obesity, taken together or separately, as a reflection of the Culture of Death diet and lifestyle, as an underlying cause of insulin resistance and diabetes. | Tori Hudson, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | It is often advised that the bedroom should not be used for eating or television watching but rather only for sleep and intimacy. If you are not able to fall asleep after 20 to 30 minutes in bed, get out of bed and engage in a quiet activity and then return to bed when sleepy.
Nutritional practices may influence sleep. Caffeinated drinks may have to be avoided altogether or at least within 12 hours of sleep. Some individuals have nighttime hypoglycemia. A drop in blood glucose level causes the release of chemicals that can stimulate the brain. | Michael T. Murray See book keywords and concepts | Television watching has been shown to produce a dose-related effect on body weight especially in children—the more TV that is watched, the greater the risk for obesity. Several physiological effects of watching television promote obesity, such as reducing physical activity and the actual lowering of resting (basal) metabolic rate to a level similar to that experienced during trancelike states.
Food is also the most frequently advertised product category on children's TV, with the overwhelming majority of these ads featuring fast-food restaurants or highly sweetened products. | Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts | And, in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) of 8071 women aged 45-55 years, there were independent relationships between the odds of gaining more than 5 kg over 5 years and lower levels of habitual physical activity, as well as more time spent sitting, energy intake (in women with BMI > 25 kg/m2), menopause transition, and hysterectomy [33].
Maintaining a given physical activity level over time may not be adequate to maintain a given weight, however. | Jonny Bowden, M.A., C.N.S. See book keywords and concepts | Stop Watching Television (Okay, Okay, Then Cut Back)
I know it seems like heresy to suggest this, but study after study has linked increased television watching with expanding waistlines, not to mention the development of childhood obesity. No one is quite sure exactly why, but it's true nonetheless. Speculation has ranged from the obvious—more TV watching means less activity and more snacking—to the slightly more subtle (the number of overt cues to eat that come with the commercials). | Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | One source of external stimuli that has been shown to be associated with obesity is television watching.
Television watching has been demonstrated to be linked to the onset of obesity, and there is a dose-related effect (i.e., the more TV one watches, the greater the degree of obesity). In addition to leading to childhood obesity,4 television viewing contributes to excess weight in adults. One study of 4,771 adult women examined the relationship between time spent watching television per week and obesity. | Kelly Brownell and Katherine Battle Horgen See book keywords and concepts | A study including these two people would not show an association of television watching with inactivity because the two people would cancel each other out.
Children are engaged with the computer. Surfing the Internet, playing games, and connecting with friends occupy children for hours at a time, in some cases making television itself passe. To be a child no longer requires a trip to the library, the park, or a friend's house. An ad for Dell Computer shows children at home around a computer with the caption "Stay in and Play. | | Studies have also shown that rules at home can modify physical activity and TV viewing. When television watching is made contingent on pedaling a stationary bicycle, for example, children exercise more and lose body fat.81
Success Stories
Smart-Mouth.org
Michael Jacobson, Margo Wootan, Bonnie Liebman, and others at the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) have devoted years to educating the public and policy makers about key nutrition issues, attending to issues such as labeling, packaging, and advertising of foods. | | Promote activities known to help with body weight (breastfeeding, decreased television watching). ţMobilize parents to demand a healthy environment for their children. | | Television, Computers, Video Games
Of all aspects of technology, television watching has probably been the most often studied by obesity researchers. As mentioned in Chapter 2, there is a robust connection between the amount of television people watch and both their likelihood of becoming obese and of having elevated risk factors. TV may affect obesity by increasing the desire to eat, but also keeps people sedentary.
A number of studies have examined whether people who watch TV are more likely to be sedentary, with some studies showing this to be the case and others not. | Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Although television watching fits nicely with the psychological theory (increased sensitivity to external cues), there are also several physiological effects of watching TV that promote obesity. These include reduced physical activity and the actual lowering of resting (basal) metabolic rate to a level similar to that experienced during trance-like states. In addition to television lowering basal metabolic rate, exercise levels tend to be lower in people who watch a lot of TV. These factors clearly support the physiological view. | Dr. Julian Whitaker See book keywords and concepts | | I strongly recommend that you try to eliminate or at least cut down on television watching. One immediate step you can take is to turn the TV off when you're not sitting down to watch a specific program. A television in the background is hard to ignore. It's like a magnet that draws your attention, even if you try to tune it out. The second step is to put yourself on a TV diet. You can approach this in several ways. Decide on the programs you really want to watch and turn the TV off when they're over. Or ration your time in front of the TV to, say, one hour a day. | Marion Nestle See book keywords and concepts | Researchers, impressed by the strong correlation between television watching and blood cholesterol levels, have concluded that questions about viewing habits convey more precise information about early risk for heart disease than conventional questions about family history. Given such observations, it is not surprising that at least one study has found turning off the television set to be a promising approach to prevention of childhood obesity. | | For younger children, another source of the decline in television watching turns out to be day care. Day care centers tend to keep televisions turned off during the day except to show selected videos. Thus marketers realize that "to reach kids, you have to be in a lot of different places. . . . [N]ew technologies and other activities are beginning to take them away."26 One such place is the Internet; by the late 1990s, one-third of American households had personal computers, a development that has created a huge market for online advertising to children as well as adults. | Robert W. Hill, Ph.D. and Eduardo Castro, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Long hours of television watching make children behave like zombies and after television viewing, they may also be more hyper. One research article suggests there is a proportional increase in attentional disorders with time spent viewing television.'7 Our clinical findings would suggest that this is indeed correct. We have noted that the more time a child spends watching television, the less he reads, the less effort he makes on homework, the more trouble he has sustaining attention, the lower his grades are, and frequently, the higher the incidence of behavioral problems. | Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Researchers now believe that excessive television watching is particularly harmful to the development of right-brain, spatial intelligence in children. Children who watch long hours of television tend to avoid traditional childhood hobbies—such as art projects, building, or sports and games—which require three-dimensional, spatial reasoning skills. Partly as a result of this, spatial intelligence has been declining among school children for several decades. | | This astronomical amount of television watching naturally decreases physical activity. As you can see, too many people today are physically sedentary.
If you are currently too sedentary yourself, you may be surprised to know how much your brain and body can be helped by just a little physical activity.
Let's take a look at what happens when you get off the couch and start moving.
Exercise "Lights Up" the Brain
For many years the neurological effects of exercise were largely ignored by the scientific community. | Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Television watching has been linked to the onset of obesity, and there is a dose-related effect (i.e., the more TV that is watched, the greater the degree of obesity).
• The physiological theories of obesity are tied to brain serotonin levels, diet-induced thermogenesis, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, the metabolism of the fat cells, and sensitivity to the hormone insulin.
• 5-hydroxytryptophan reduces the number of calories consumed and promotes weight loss. |
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