Bill Sardi See book keywords and concepts | PSA tests are not reliable and should be disregarded, however, when a careful comparison of seed implant and surgical patients was performed over a seven-year period, 98% of surgical patients were found to have PSA levels that were undetectable (less than 0.2) while only 79% of men who underwent seed implants had PSA levels less than 0.5. [Urology 51:884-9, 1998]
Informed consent
Most surgical consent forms deal with the potential risks and benefits of surgery itself. Often numerical data on the probability of side effects is not provided in the consent form. | Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts | In a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study, melatonin (MLN) was as efficacious as midazolam (MZ) and more efficacious than placebo in provoking sedation and anxiolysis in preoperative surgical patients. Adult women scheduled for laparoscopic surgery were assigned to receive 1 of the following 7 sublingual premedication regimens (n=12 each group): MZ 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg; MLN 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg; or placebo. | J. Douglas Bremner See book keywords and concepts | In fact, Nussmeier and colleagues studied 1,671 patients randomized to parecoxib (Dynastat, a COX-2 inhibitor that is given intravenously to surgical patients) or valde-coxib (i.e., Bextra). Patients with parecoxib or valdecoxib showed a 3.7-fold increase in heart attack or stroke.5 Curt Furberg, Bruce Patsy, and Garret Fitzgerald analyzed data from this study along with data made available by the FDA and also found a greater than threefold increased risk of heart attack and stroke.6 After these studies were published, Pfizer initially argued with the results. | Jack Challem See book keywords and concepts | Dailey asks all of his surgical patients to listen to specific CDs that are designed to reduce pain. He has found that patients who listen to the CDs need less pain medication and recover more quickly after surgery.
According to an article in the journal Alternative and Complementary Therapies, these CDs are best listened to with stereo headphones that send one tonal pattern through one ear and another through the other ear.Together, they set up a third tone within the brain, leading to "hemispheric synchronization,"or simply Hemi-Sync. For more information, visit www.monroeinstitute.org. | Dr. Arthur Janov See book keywords and concepts | The original "antipsychotic" drug, Thorazine, was first used by a French surgeon, who noticed that it made surgical patients indifferent or apathetic toward the pain they were undergoing. One author noted that scientific evidence supports a theory that most psychiatric drugs "work" by producing a kind of anesthesia of the mind, spirit, or feelings.
Work by R. Gaunt put rats under stress (tied to a board), then gave them tranquilizers. They seemed indifferent to their problem, but their bodies weren't. There were high readings in stress hormones. | Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts | Randomized, prospective trial of antioxidant supplementation in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Swr£;236(6):814-822. 2002
Nyyssonen K, Parviainen MT, Salonen R et al. Vitamin C deficiency and risk of myocardial infarction: prospective population study of men from eastern Finland. BMJ; 314(7081):634-638. 1997
Oeffinger KC. Scurvy: more than historical relevance. Am Fam Physician; 48(4):609-613. 1993
Riordan HD, Hunninghake RB, Riordan NH et al. Intravenous iscorbic acid: protocol for its application and use. Puerto Rico Health Sci J; 22(3):2003. | Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD See book keywords and concepts | Beyond this, it has been shown that two anti-oxidants, vitamin E and ascorbic acid, in high doses, can reduce the incidence of organ failure during surgery and shorten the length of stay required by critically ill surgical patients in the Intensive Care Units7 Clinical trials of the use of niacin before and after surgery seem warranted.
Malnutrition and Stress
Oxidative stress plays a key role in many diseases and in the aging process itself. | | Randomized prospective trial of antioxidant supplementation in critically ill surgical patients. Annals of Surgery 2002; 236:814-22.
8 Hoffer A. Hong Kong veterans study. J Orthomolecular Psychiatry 1974;3:34-36.
9 Hoffer A. Senility and chronic malnutrition. J Orthomolecular Psychiatry 1974;3:2-19.
10 Cesani MF, Orden B, Zucchi M, Mune MC, Oyhenart EE, and Pucciarelli HM. Effect of undernutrition on the cranial growth of the rat. Cell Tissue Organs 2003;174:129-35.
11 Foster HD. Why HIV-i has diffused so much more rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa than in North America. | Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts | O'Riordain M, Fearon K, Ross J et al: Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition enhanced T-lymphocyte response in surgical patients undergoing colorectal resection. Ann Surg; 220(2):212-221. 1994
Rhoads JM, Keku EO, Quinn J et al: L-glutamine stimulates jejunal sodium and chloride absorption in pig rotavirus enteritis. Gastroenterology; 100(3):683-691. 1991
Rohde T, Maclean D, Pedersen B: Glutamine, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Scand J Immunol; 44:648-650. 1996
Rubio I, Cao Y, Hutchins L et al: Effect of glutamine on methotrexate efficacy and toxicity. | | A human study also showed that glutamine supplementation-caused an increase in T-cell synthesis in postoperative surgical patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (O'Riordain et al 1994). clinical trials
Cancer
Glutamine appears to exert a protective effect when administered with chemotherapy. Five cancer patients developed moderate to severe joint and muscle pain 24 to 36 hours after receiving their initial course of paclitaxel. During the next course of paclitaxel treatment, patients received 10 g of glutamine three times daily 24 hours after receiving paclitaxel. | | Schneider M, Valentine S, Clarke G et al: Acute renal failure in cardiac surgical patients, potentiated by gentamicin and calcium. Anaesth Intensive Care; 24:647-650. 1996
Shirkey HC: Pediatric Dosage Handbook. American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, DC, USA; 1980.
Slatopolsky E, Weerts C, Lopez-Hilker S et al: Calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med; 315(3): 157-161. | Shannon Brownlee See book keywords and concepts | Are they making sure their female patients get regular Pap smears, and do they take steps to ensure that surgical patients don't contract infections? Physicians and hospitals are so wedded to the notion that more dollars buy better care that despite thirty years of data, the Dartmouth group's findings had gained only grudging acceptance. Fisher was looking to produce a study that would persuade his medical peers. | Roberta Bivins See book keywords and concepts | Dramatically, the outraged minister asked his readers: 'How can medical men in this country justify their heartless apathy in regard to Mesmerism?'5 surgical patients, like their gouty predecessors, were certainly less convinced of the therapeutic benefits of pain; thus mesmerists' claims to have vaulted this hurdle presented surgeons and the orthodox profession at large with a dilemma. | Abram Hoffer, PhD, MD, FRCP(C) and Dr. Jonathan Prousjy, DPHE, DSC, ND, FRSH See book keywords and concepts | Here are some other surprising statistics from these studies: •*¦ 31% of 200 consecutive patients were malnourished on admission *¦ 65% of 1,000 surgical patients in an affluent suburban hospital had moderate to severe malnutrition ? | | In one study, it was found half the surgical patients suffered protein-calorie malnutrition, and the general medical patients were even worse off. In another study, 20% of the patients studied were deficient in each nutrient examined. For example, while diabetics, who generally are more nutrition conscious, had fewer deficiencies, peptic ulcer patients had the lowest vitamin C levels. In general, malnutrition was widespread. | Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D. See book keywords and concepts | And while a double-blind trial of surgical patients with pressure ulcers found that supplementation with 500 mg of vitamin C twice a day accelerated ulcer healing,10 a similar double-blind trial found no difference in the effectiveness of either 20 mg per day or 1,000 mg per day of vitamin C.11
An older preliminary report suggested that large amounts of folic acid (page 520) given both orally and by injection could promote healing of chronic skin ulcers due to poor circulation.12 No controlled research has further investigated this claim. | Dr. Paula Baillie-Hamilton See book keywords and concepts | Not only were infectious complications in these surgical patients reduced by approximately 75 percent, but the duration of their hospital stay was reduced by more than 20 percent.
Nutrient supplementation can also help rebalance the immune system and remove chemicals that overstimulate it. The net result of long-term supplementation is fewer immune reactions and reactions that are less severe. Taking nutrients can also help suppress allergy symptoms in the shorter term since many, such as vitamin C and magnesium, act as natural antihistamines. | Joseph E. Mario See book keywords and concepts | Free Form Amino Acids Are essential forolderpersons' malabsorption; normalize the Brain chemistry of those persons with food-intolerance to Protein foods wheat, corn, and milk; may protect from non-Protein artificial color and flavor allergens; Free form Amino acids can help those illnesses or conditions that limit Protein digestion and assimilation, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and liver diseases; the seriously ill, and surgical patients, especially intestinal surgery. | Michael Friedman, ND See book keywords and concepts | Effect of L-carnitine on post-stress metabolism in surgical patients. Infu-sionsther Klin Ernahr 1986;13:268-76. [Article in German]
138. Gunal Al, Celiker H, Donder E, Gunal SY. The effect of L-carnitine on insulin resistance in hemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure. J Nephrol 1999;12:38-40.
139. Mingrone G, Greco AV, Capristo E, et al. L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients.
J Am Coll Nutr 1999;18:77-82.
140. Anuradha CV, Balakrishnan SD. | The Life Extension Editorial Staff See book keywords and concepts | In surgical and critically ill patients, glutamine decreased the incidence of infections, improved several immunologic parameters in surgical patients, shortened hospital stay, reduced mortality rate, and decreased intestinal permeability, preventing the translocation of bacteria (again improving infection rate).
Numerous studies have been done using growth hormone in the aging adult (Rudman 1990). These studies have shown, among other benefits not described here, an improvement in healing and shortening of time required for healing. | | In surgical patients, glutamine invoked an improvement of sevetal immunological patametets (Slotwinski et al. 2000). Moreover, glutamine exerted a nutritional (tropic) effect on the intestinal mucosa, decteased the intestinal permeability, and thus may prevent the translocation of bacteria.
In conclusion, glutamine is an important metabolic substrate of rapidly proliferating cells. It influences the cellular hydration (molecular water content) state and has multiple effects on the immune system, intestinal function, and protein metabolism (Sacks 1999). | Robert Whitaker See book keywords and concepts | In 1951, French naval surgeon Henri Laborit tested chlorpromazine on surgical patients and found that it worked so well operations could be performed with almost no anesthesia. He also observed that it put patients into an odd "twilight" state. They would become emotionally detached and disinterested in anything going on around them, yet able to answer questions. One of Laborit's colleagues likened this effect to a "veritable medicinal lobotomy," an observation that suggested it might have use in psychiatry. | The Life Extension Editorial Staff See book keywords and concepts | Although not an essential amino acid, one amino acid shown to be of particular benefit to surgical patients is glutamine (Rennie et al. 1996; Roth et al. 1996; Sacks 1999). Glutamine is a precursor to glutathione (an antioxidant enzyme) and also stimulates the formation of heat shock proteins. Glutamine may help stimulate intracellular protein synthesis. | Sheldon Saul Hendler See book keywords and concepts | And depression of immune function has been blocked in surgical patients given high doses of vitamin A. Supplementation was given just before surgery and for a few days afterward. In the case of the cancer patients, 1.5 million IUs were given daily, and in the case of the surgical patients, the daily dose was 300,000 to 450,000 IUs. Those doses require medical supervision and cannot be tolerated for long periods. Similar studies using the relatively non-toxic beta-carotene have not yet been reported. | The Life Extension Editorial Staff See book keywords and concepts | When studying extremely ill pediatric surgical patients, Amii et al. (1999) stated, "SAMe is the most promising treatment of total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis." In another study on hepatic cholestasis and oxidative stress in rats, Lopez et al. (2000) concluded, "the results confirmed the function of SAMe as an antioxidant and hepatoprotectot."
SAMe is found naturally in every cell of the body. It is synthesized from a combination of the amino acid L-methionine, folic acid, vitamin Bjj, and trimethylglycine, provided all these ingredients are present and performing (Anon. 2002). | Gary Null, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts | Short Bowel Syndrome
Results of this study found that a protocol involving growth hormone, glutamine and a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet proved effective in treating surgical patients suffering from short-bowel syndrome or related problems of the GI tract.
—T.A. Byrne, et al., "A New Treatment for Patients with Short-Bowel Syndrome. Growth Hormone, Glutamine, and a Modified Diet," Annals Surg, 222(3), September 1995, p. 243-254. | Ronald L. Hoffman, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | These are powerful antibiotics used often in treatment of surgical patients, or elderly or immune-compromised individuals. Some susceptible individuals may even suffer hearing impairment with long courses of more common antibiotics, such as erythromycin or the penicillin derivative amoxicillin.
In fact, a recent study of ear infections in adults (otitis media, the infection of the inner . | Valerie V. Hunt See book keywords and concepts | Benett, of the University of California Medical School at Davis, California, did some interesting research with surgical patients showing that a surprising amount of awareness does exist during anesthesia. During surgery he played a tape asking the patients to rub their ears upon awakening. Nine of 11 subjects did, although they did not recall being told to do so. He also suggested that upon awakening, one hand would become warmer than the other. This indeed occurred. He concluded that anesthesia does not totally turn off the nervous system. | Sheldon P. Blau, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.R. and Elaine Fantle Shimberg See book keywords and concepts | In addition, studies now show that surgical patients fortunate enough to be cared for by nurses trained in the practice of "therapeutic touch" techniques tend to suffer less depression and less post-operative pain, thus requiring less medication and preventing the unwanted side effects that accompany many analgesics.
"Therapeutic touch," a technique that was developed in the early 1970s at the New York University Division of Nursing by Dolores Krieger, Ph.D., R.N., presently is used by thousands of nurses throughout the world. |
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