Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron See book keywords and concepts | Web sites on stem cell research: How many kinds of adult stem cells exist, and in which tissues do they exist? What are the sources of adult stem cells in the body? Are they "leftover" embryonic stem cells, or do they arise in some other way? Why do they remain in an undifferentiated state when all the cells around them have differentiated? Do adult stem cells normally exhibit plasticity, or do they only transdifferentiate when scientists manipulate them experimentally? What are the signals that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells that demonstrate plasticity? | Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | First, the more stem cells you send in for repair (say, the more times you burn your skin from lying out by the pool unprotected), the more stem cell reproduction occurs. The more reproduction, the higher the chance that something will go wrong during cell division—meaning that your stem cells have a higher chance of differentiating into a tumor cell. Stem cells know how to replicate quickly, so, boom, you've got cancer. (That's why repeated damage to an organ—via smoking, sunburn, alcohol abuse, or inflammation from saturated fat or just being fat—predisposes you to cancer. | | Similar reinvigoration of almost all of your organs continually occurs with your own full-time stem cell repairmen.
At all stages of your life, your body responds to damage by recruiting stem cells. When you smoke, stem cells are sent to the lungs to respond to damage. Or when your skin burns from the sun, stem cells go there to make repairs. But— and this is a big but—there are two unfortunate consequences of all that repair, and it's another example of how a valuable process has the power to flip you upside your head. | Donna Jackson Nakazawa See book keywords and concepts | Efforts are in the works to use stem cells from amniotic fluid, but many researchers say they would be seriously surprised if amniotic stem cells have all the capability of an undifferentiated embryonic stem cell, which has unlimited potential.
Some states, like California, have passed their own propositions to circumvent the federal ban on stem-cell research. And in Maryland, in 2007, legislators allotted $15 million for stem-cell research—including embryonic stem cells. | Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | So what role does our Major Ager of stem cell slowdown play in all of this? Well, the stem cells' regenerative properties are crucial here because of the damage that our environment and the resultant stress can do. Stress is all about adapting to the challenges of life. It is not the strongest or the fastest who wins the game of life, but the most adaptable. When stress hormones damage tissues, cells, and organs in the ways we talked about above, stem cells replace damaged cells and make the repairs. | | Major Ager
Stem Cell Slowdown
What You Caw Learn—and Use— from Stew Cells to Keep Your Body Strong
Say the words stem cell and you've triggered almost as much controversy as any other two words in the English language (besides maybe Barry and Bonds). While some may argue that you can't strip away the moral issues from the science of stem cell research for the study of aging, the fact is, that's exactly what we're going to do. | Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George See book keywords and concepts | Leveling perspectives from leaders like Smith are much needed as we push forward in stem cell research. The grandiose promises made by scientists and pronounced at political conventions fuel false hope and set us up for potential disappointment.
Alzheimer's disease is a multi-system disorder that affects many brain regions. To recover function in memory, the implanted stem cells would have to form intricate connections with neurons in an older, diseased brain. This does not seem plausible. Nor have scientists explained just how growing new neurons will help us regain old memories. | Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Even five years ago, we didn't know this stem cell replenishment was true for most organs, but now we know that every organ seems to recruit backup stem cells from the bone marrow to resuscitate itself. These emergency relief worker cells lay the groundwork for re-creating our organs.
Stress has a cascading effect on many aspects of our health. | Dawson Church See book keywords and concepts | Epigenetics studies the environment, such as the signals that initiate stem cell differentiation and wound healing.
The activation of genes is intimately connected with healing and immune system function. In the studies of wound healing and marital conflict outlined above, a clear link is seen between the consciousness of the participants in the study, and the creation of the proteins (coded by gene activation) required to promote wound healing and stem cell conversion in their bodies. | Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George See book keywords and concepts | In an October 2005 talk entitled "Stem Cell Research: Hype or Hope," Dr. Austin Smith of Edinburgh, who directs EuroStemCell, a consortium for stem cell research, briefly discussed the ethical implications of current and future research. His closing remarks touched on the responsibility of scientists to tell the truth and not fuel false hope. He challenged the scientists on hand not to exaggerate the prospect for cures, not to underestimate research challenges, and not to trivialize issues of public anxiety with pseudoscience. | Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts | Stem cell theory. This theory holds that as we age, we begin losing stem cells from the reserve we are granted at birth. This also means that the body's ability to repair and generate tissues is diminished, and we accumulate more and more dysfunctional cells as time passes. Aging is simply the accumulation of these dysfunctional cells, and the damage they cause to skin, organs, the immune system, the muscles, and every other system in the body can only be undone by the addition of new stem cells.
• Cell metabolic theory. | Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron See book keywords and concepts | Does a single type of stem cell exist—possibly in the bone marrow or circulating in the blood—that can generate the cells of any organ or tissue? What are the factors that stimulate stem cells to relocare to sites of injury or damage? As you can see, there are far more questions than answers, and the answers certainly aren't found in this $173 cosmetic product sold by a company known for its deceptive advertising.
HYLEXIN
© $$$ Hylexin ($95 for 0.78 ounce) was a heavily advertised product that quickly became one of the products my readers most urgently requested me to review. | | The phrase "highlights expression of stem cell markers in skin" has no meaning. What does highlighting mean anyway? The ad copy is so vague that it nicely gets around any risk of FDA attention because there is no medical or structural change in the body termed "highlighting." "Functional isolates" also has no meaning. What isolates are they referring to? Isolates can refer to any number of substances—they're not a specific group of ingredients. So the claim just alludes to the product's effects on stem cells without actually saying that it does or contains anything that can affect them. | Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | One of the goals of stem cell research is to harvest some of these universal cells, grow them in laboratories, and then use them to undo the damage done by such things as heart attacks, strokes, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and many other diseases associated with aging. How do we know that this process has potential? Well, just look at the work that's been done on the heart. Cardiology was one of the specialties most resistant to the potential power of stem cells, and the damaged heart was considered representative of the key organs that could not regenerate themselves. | Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George See book keywords and concepts | This gene therapy approach—which is being promoted by scientists at the University of California, San Diego, and the company they founded called Ceregene—enables scientists to create a designer stem cell. Rather than starting with stem cells, this treatment starts with skin cells called fibroblasts that are taken from individual patients. These cells are infected with a virus that has a copy of the nerve growth factor gene inserted into its genetic material, and then the cells are injected in a delicate operation near the cholinergic basal forebrain through a syringe. | John J. Ratey, MD See book keywords and concepts | Is it merely a coincidence that the process of neurogenesis—from the time a stem cell is born in the hippocampus until it plugs into the network—takes approximately the same amount of time? Many researchers think not. The latest twist to the connectivity theory is that a shutdown of neurogenesis might be a factor in depression. Some have shown that blocking neurogenesis in rats negates the effect of antidepressants, so it's a possibility. | J. E. Williams, O.M.D. See book keywords and concepts | This cell divides to produce two specialize types of stem cells: a lymphoid stem cell, which creates T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and a myeloid stem cell. From the common myeloid stem cell arise white blood cells (basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets, which are important in blood clotting. Mast cells are important in allergic responses and macrophages are involved in tissue defense.
References: Janeway, Charles A., et al. Immunobiology; Roitt, Ivan, et al. Immunology; Benjamini, Eli, et al. | Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron See book keywords and concepts | Amatokin is the first and only topical compound shown to highlight the expression of stem cell markers in skin.... Amatokin's functional isolates have been clinically shown to dramatically reduce the appearance of both deep and superficial wrinkles, as well as skin coloration associated with photo-aging." Give me a break!
The ingredient list is incredibly ordinary. The name Amatokin is the trade name for the polpypeptide 153 ingredient in this product, and the company claims it is THE ingredient that makes Amatokin special. | | What is even more absurd about this claim is that stem cell research is in its infancy, and in terms of wrinkles and skin care for humans it is nonexistent (Klein-Becker itself doesn't have even one published study). This is a classic example of how a cosmetics company can take serious science and manipulate it to sell products. | Mike Adams, the Health Ranger See article keywords and concepts | It turns out that Korean stem cell researcher Hwang Woo-suk actually didn't fake his research. His clone did. "The fact that my clone faked this research on stem cells," explained Mr. Hwang, "is proof that my cloning process works." Mr. Hwang is now making arrangements to have his clone fired so that he can get back to the job of fooling prestigious scientific journals (which are busy printing retractions so fast they're suffering from paper cuts). | J. E. Williams, O.M.D. See book keywords and concepts | T Natural Killer Cell
Plasma Activate Cell t Cell
® ^Monocyte
'Basophil Neutrophil JL Eosinophil j
Mast Cell
Macrophage
Figure 3-2: Cells of the Immune System
All cells of the immune system originate in the bone marrow from one hematopoietic stem cell, a self-renewing parent cell involved in the generation of blood cells. This cell divides to produce two specialize types of stem cells: a lymphoid stem cell, which creates T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and a myeloid stem cell. | Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey See book keywords and concepts | Scientists don't understand how a stem cell knows how to turn itself into a specific kind of cell—a liver, heart, muscle, or nerve cell. From where does it get its information? Biochemistry and DNA cannot provide the full answers, for the processes they either initiate or direct are themselves dependent on information.
Throughout your body, there are trillions of chemical processes that form a tangled web of interconnections to make the enzymes, proteins, hormones, and other substances that your body needs to work properly. | Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George See book keywords and concepts | How much can we expect of them, and of the stem cell treatments and amyloid vaccines we hear bruited about with such promise? Are there complementary and alternative treatments that offer more promise? We must think deeply and thoughtfully about these questions to put drug development in proper historical and social context.
For years, people recommended that I read Samuel Beckett's play Waiting for Godot. So a couple years ago I picked a copy up and had a read. | | Austin Smith of Edinburgh, who directs EuroStemCell, a consortium for stem cell research, briefly discussed the ethical implications of current and future research. His closing remarks touched on the responsibility of scientists to tell the truth and not fuel false hope. He challenged the scientists on hand not to exaggerate the prospect for cures, not to underestimate research challenges, and not to trivialize issues of public anxiety with pseudoscience.
Directly after that, he took a few questions and my co-author was lucky enough to be called on. He pressed Smith more on the "hype vs. | Dawson Church See book keywords and concepts | An autologous bone marrow and stem cell transplant was done at this time, but it was not successful. There was also concern that the tumors would metastasize to his stomach. His doctors determined at this point that they could do nothing more for him. He was told that highly experimental medical treatments, for which there was little optimism, were the only alternative. He was given an injection of monoclonal antibodies (Retuxan), which had been minimally approved for recurrent low-grade lymphoma. | | In the studies of wound healing and marital conflict outlined above, a clear link is seen between the consciousness of the participants in the study, and the creation of the proteins (coded by gene activation) required to promote wound healing and stem cell conversion in their bodies. The healthy mental states of functional couples enabled the individuals in these relationships to emit the signals required to turn on the expression of the genes involved in immune system health and physical wound healing. Such epigenetic signals suggest a whole new avenue for catalyzing wellness in our bodies. | J. E. Williams, O.M.D. See book keywords and concepts | This cell divides to produce two specialize types of stem cells: a lymphoid stem cell, which creates T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and a myeloid stem cell. From the common myeloid stem cell arise white blood cells (basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets, which are important in blood clotting. Mast cells are important in allergic responses and macrophages are involved in tissue defense.
References: Janeway, Charles A., et al. Immunobiology; Roitt, Ivan, et al. Immunology; Benjamini, Eli, et al. | Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts | Chromatin remodeling and stem cell theory of relativity. J. Cell Physiol. 201, 1-16.
91. Boyd, A. W., and Schrader, J. W. (1982). Derivation of macrophage-like lines from the pre-B lymphoma ABLS 8.1 using 5-azacytidine. Nature 291, 691-693.
92. Jost, J. P., Oakeley, E. J., Zhu, B., Benjamin, D., Thiry, S., Siegmann, M., and Jost, Y. C. (2001). 5-Methylcytosine DNA glycosylase participates in the genome-wide loss of DNA methylation occurring during mouse myoblast differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 4452^4461.
93. Zhu, B., Benjamin, D., Zheng, Y., Angliker, H, Thiry, S., Siegmann, M. | Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey See book keywords and concepts | There are two important cardiovascular correlations here: blood pressure regulation and hematopoietic stem cell activity as related to white and red blood cell production. This Integrator does not link bioenergetically to actual cells but instead is concerned with the virtual aspect of blood formation, the bioenergetic influences on immune function and disease resistance. This Integrator also is implicated bioenergetically in the formation of excess fibrin, which can clog arteries in the brain and contribute to increased susceptibility to stroke. |
Too Profitable to CureBrent Hoadley, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts | | One Congressman (George Nethercutt, Washington) from the Northwest voted against the bill to allow stem cell research even though his daughter has diabetes.
His vote might have been based on religious views, but another thought keeps running through my mind. At a time just prior to his reelection campaign, Congressman Nethercutt had agreed to help a group of diabetics who were pleading for the right to choose their insulin products.2 He even helped, through the Congressional Diabetes Caucus, to get funding for pancreatic transplants for the Medicare Program. |
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