Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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 For example, bacterial colonization of the GI tract of Pakistani infants born in poor areas with minimal sanitation occurred significantly earlier than in Swedish infants delivered in more sanitary conditions, regardless of delivery method [14].
There are numerous external and internal factors that shape the composition of the microbial community in the GI tract (Figure 6). External factors include mode of birth, composition of the diet, sanitation of the living environment, and the use of medicines, especially antibiotics. |
Andreas Moritz
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 As soon as hygiene and sanitation improved, despite the immunization programs, the viral disease quickly disappeared. Whatever may have been the reason for polio outbreaks in the past (see section on natural immunization), it is highly questionable today to immunize an entire population against a disease that does not even exist any more. It raises major questions about the motives behind polio vaccination.
Further, the history of some simian virus 40 (SV40) infections in humans is linked to the use of polio vaccines. |
Ann N. Martin
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 In a 1997 article in The New York Times, reporter Sandra Blakeslee quotes Chuck Ellis, a spokesman for the city's sanitation department: "Los Angeles sends 200 tons of euthanized cats and dogs to West Coast Rendering in Los Angeles, every month."5
Doug Anderson, president of Darling International, a large rendering company in Dallas, Texas, maintains that pet food companies try not to buy meat and bone meal from Tenderers that grind up cats and dogs. "We do not accept companion animals," he said. "But there are still a number of small plants that will render anything. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 In fact, much of the reduction in death from infectious disease is due to public-health measures, including improved nutrition and sanitation. And vaccinations are not without potential danger. We still don't know the potential long-term effects of vaccination.
An oft-repeated fact is that 36,000 people die each year from the flu. The government urges citizens to get vaccinated, presumably to prevent these deaths. |
Roberta Bivins
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 At the same time, focusing on individual bodies threatened some programmes that were popular with powerful interests in India—expensive programmes of urban sanitation, for example, initially intended to create healthier cities by removing miasma. Like Pettenkofer's dramatic swigging of germs, the debates between these groups were explicitly intended for public consumption?and they extended well into the twentieth century.
Amongst that public in India were, of course, many well-educated and active healers and consumers of the indigenous medical systems, whether Unani Tibb, Siddha, or Ayurveda. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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 Do you work in a hospital, day care center, sanitation department, or garden, or around animals?
¦ Do you engage in oral or anal sex?
¦ Do you have some or all of these symptoms: dark circles under your eyes, distended abdomen, bluish lips, allergies, diarrhea or constipation, anemia, skin eruptions, anal itching, chronic fatigue, loss of appetite, insomnia, depression, or sugar cravings?24
Purged stool test: Ann Louise Gittleman, MS, recommends using a purged stool test for parasites. |
Michael J. Panzner
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 Deteriorating health, sanitation, and pest control will lay the groundwork for tuberculosis and other epidemics, as well as virulent pandemics like SARS. These diseases will not only endanger the lives of millions but will also create a sense of isolation and uncertainty that will add to the downward spiral.
Feeling trapped and desperate, countless ordinary Americans will be wracked with feelings of bitterness, resentment, guilt, and frustration as they find it hard to come to grips with the pervasive fallout of a full-scale economic disaster. |
Russell L. Blaylock, M.D.
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 The Vaccine Controversy A Brief History of Vaccines
Vaccines have saved millions of lives over the last one hundred years, but less well-recognized is the impact of improved nutrition and sanitation methods in reducing diseases— often long before vaccine programs were implemented.
Infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, sepsis, and gangrene have killed more people throughout history than all wars combined. In the 1930s, the number one killer in the United States was infection; only after the widespread introduction of antibiotics and better sanitation did this statistic change. |
Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
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 In contradistinction to the retrenchment in occupational safety and health protection, the movement for general public health and sanitation seemed to take off at the very same time. In 1842, Edwin Chadwick released his landmark Report. . . on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain. In over 450 pages, including appendices, the report lays out, in voluminous detail, national needs for better housing, increased nutrition, and general sanitary improvements. |
Jack Challem
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 Don't Take Food for Granted
Over the last hundred years, many nations have made great strides in sanitation and hygiene, resulting in a food supply that is mostly free of disease-causing bacteria. We believe that the near elimination of bacte-rially contaminated food has led to a sense of complacency: if food is clean and free of germs that make us sick, it should be good to eat, right?
Fast-food restaurants, such as McDonald's and Burger King, follow stringent rules to avoid bacterial contamination of food. You're not likely to get food poisoning at these and other fast-food restaurants. |
Andreas Moritz
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| If live viruses used as a vaccine can cause polio today when hygiene is generally high, it may well be that the polio epidemics 40 to 50 years ago were also caused by immunization against polio while hygiene, sanitation, housing, and nutritional standards were still very low. In the United States, cases of polio increased by 50 percent between 1957 and 1958, and by 80 percent from 1958 to 1959 after the introduction of mass immunization. In five states, cases of polio doubled after the polio vaccine was given to large numbers of the population. |
| On the other hand, the increased measures of hygiene were necessary in the densely populated areas of big cities where there was little ventilation of air and inadequate sanitation.
Indigenous populations didn't have such needs. If necessary, they boosted their immune systems by injuring each other during rituals or by scarring their skin. They allowed their wounds to suppurate, which we know today is a very efficient way to strengthen one's immunity. |
| Only major cleanup of the congested cities, and improved sanitation, hygiene, and housing were able to halt the epidemics and lead to drastic improvements in individual and collective health. Vaccination programs had nothing to do with it.
How to Acquire Immunity Naturally
It seems that we humans tend to go from one extreme to the other. Now, the natural balance between immunity and presence of germs is becoming disrupted once again, but this time the cause may be the excessive emphasis on hygiene. Being over-hygienic can inhibit the natural development of immunity to disease-causing agents. |
Dr. Sharon Moalem
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 As humans began to settle in cities and towns, they got their first taste of the sanitation and waste management problems that still plague cities today—but without even the possibility of modern plumbing. This made clean water a real challenge, and some theories suggest that different civilizations came up with different solutions. In Europe, they used fermentation—and the resulting alcohol killed microbes, even when, as was often the case, it was mixed with water. On the other side of the world, people purified their water by boiling it and making tea. |
Charles Barber
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 Instead, we've embarked on a uniquely American process of emotional sanitation. We have been equally driven to inoculate ourselves against the rough-and-tumble aspects of existence. But death, pain, strife are the constants. Look at the great stories, the great teachers, the great writers: the Bible, the Koran, Shakespeare, Dante, Melville, Dos-toevsky, Tolstoy, Dickens, Emily Dickinson, the films of Hitchcock and Scorsese. All of these stories are absolutely dense with turmoil and murder, hell and high water, fear and loathing. |
| They come to inhabit an inauthentic and less challenging existence and embrace a uniquely American form of emotional sanitation. Or as one veteran of Paxil observed: "I hate this feeling . . . this feeling of not being able to feel."7 When going off the drugs, many people say they are happy to feel the highs and the lows again.
One wonders: What is going on in the heart of America—in America "thick and prime"? What miseries are residing within the chamber of the human heart in Winterset?
Why did Winterset want to get numb? |
Devra Davis
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 While one in twelve Americans is black, one in two sanitation workers and one in three blue-collar workers are black. Researchers at the NCI have reported that when a woman moves to the United States from other countries where the risk of breast cancer is lower, something happens to change her chances of developing the disease. Within a single generation, her risk increases to that of a woman who was born in this country. The more Asian American grandparents a woman has who were born in America, the greater the chance that she will develop breast cancer. |
Michael Pollan
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 Sound nutrition and good sanitation. By elevating those scientific principles and "disdaining the proof of the palate," Shapiro writes, "they made it possible for American cooking to accept a flood of damaging innovations for years to come"—low-fat processed food products prominent among them.
So scientific eating is an old and venerable tradition in America. |
Mike Adams
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 And studies have shown that babies living under conditions of poor sanitation who are fed cows' milk from a bottle have a five times greater rate of mortality than breast-fed babies living under the same conditions. Even bottle-fed infants raised in areas with good sanitation have greater rates of mortality than those fed at the breast.
- Michael Eades, M.D., and Mary Dan Eades, M.D., The Protein Power Lifeplan
There's even a link between cows' milk and multiple sclerosis, as described in the same book:
The circumstantial evidence connecting MS and essential-fat deficiency is pretty strong. |
Devra Davis
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| In the nineteenth century, better housing, sanitation, and the end of child labor led to healthier and longer lives. This happened long before scientists understood the ways that germs festered in dark, dank environments and often led to disabling and lethal infectious diseases. Women, whether the Ladies Factory Inspectorate in England, the Women's Federations of America, or more modern community activists or philanthropists, championed many of these basic advances. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 Raw foods can also be infected by poor employee sanitation either on the farm or in processing facilities.
Glenn Anderson, a small-scale organic almond farmer in the central valley of California, worries that "This could be one more way for the big companies and the government to put us small farmers out of business."
The equipment to sterilize almonds is very expensive. A propylene oxide chamber costs $500,000 to $1,250,000, and a roasting line can cost as much as $1,500,000 to $2,500,000.
Anderson also questions the scientific logic behind the rule. |
by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.
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| Sprout growers agreed to follow stringent ISGA-established seed sanitation guidelines and to be certified by third-party independent inspectors. Sprout growers who successfully participate in this ISGA sanitation program can label their sprouts with an ISGA-certified grower's seal.
Despite these incidents, the risk of contracting foodborne illness from eating sprouts is far less than that of other common foods. According to the FDA, 93 percent of all bacterial illnesses from human and animal pathogens come from meat, poultry, and dairy products. |
Gerald E. Markle and Frances B. McCrea
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 For now, we suggest that the principal contribution to the decline in mortality was the improvement in public health, particularly improvements in the quality of food and sanitation.
In the nineteenth century, there were no dramatic changes in working-class living conditions, but there were advances in water purification and sewage control. Beginning in 1900, there were great improvements in food hygiene, especially in the quality of milk. |
Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
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 We have become a society that no longer has to worry so much about things like plague, famine, and poor sanitation. We now suffer from the products and iy-products of our own technological advancements that provoke poor health and chronic illness. In addition to ubiquitous chemical toxins, we have too much food, especially from unnatural, processed sources; we are oversanitized; and we owe our major health threats such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease largely to lifestyle choices. |
Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George
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 Alzheimer's disease might have remained rare and insignificant if it weren't for several developments in the mid-late twentieth century that gradually increased the mean life expectancy of people living in industrialized countries; namely, the advent of modern medicines, machines, surgical procedures, and, most important, improved diets and sanitation measures that prolonged and protected life. |
Melody Petersen
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 The practice of public health had long been defined as that of protecting and improving the health of a community through such preventive measures as education, vaccines, sanitation, and monitoring environmental hazards. Public health scientists, funded by government grants, have also looked more broadly at the long-term risks and benefits of prescription medicines. But in Iowa the College of Public Health had become a magnet for industrial drug trials, some of which did not end up serving the public's health. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| On the other hand, infants in developed countries (i.e., assumed to have a high level of sanitation) acquired gram-negative bacteria later and more stable enterobacterial strains. Such differences in the intestinal microflora composition have been associated with a higher prevalence of allergies and atopic diseases in infants born and raised in developed countries than those in developing countries [40]. Another study that compared the intestinal microflora profiles of children in Europe observed that Swedish and Estonian toddlers with low counts of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. |
Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
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| Diarrhea: 58 million incidences a year caused by environmental factors, primarily the result of unsafe water, sanitation, or hygiene
?Lower respiratory infections: 37 million incidences each year, or 41 percent of all cases globally, primarily caused by indoor and outdoor air pollution
? |
Jacky Law
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 And do we in the rich world want to keep developing increasingly expensive treatments that achieve marginal benefits when most in the developing world do not have the undoubted benefits that come with simple measures like sanitation, clean water and immunization?37
Paying for science
The innovation pipeline is expensive to maintain, and while public protests over access to Alzheimer's and cancer drugs can be heard, few people question how the prices are set. |
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