David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
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 Wasabi, also known as "Japanese horseradish," is not a root but rather a knotty stem or "rhizome." It is used predominantly as a spice and has a strong flavor, so much so that it is nicknamed "namida," which means "tears" in Japanese. Though it has "heat," it's more akin to a hot mustard than a chili pepper, irritating the sinus cavity rather than the tongue. Wasabi is a condiment traditionally served with raw fish (sushi and sashimi) and noodle (soba) dishes in Japan.
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Or Wasabi (Wasabia japonica)
THE OL' SWITCHEROO
A Serving of Food Lore... |
Michael Friedman, ND
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 In Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology Clinical Experiences, a method of using the herb is described: the rhizome is crushed into small pieces and soaked in wine (300 g rhizome per 1500 ml wine), put into a sealed jar, and heated over a very low fire for 4 hours, then stored in ice water for one week. The patient is then instructed to drink 10 ml of the liquor six times daily, but not before bed (total daily dose equal to about 12 g huangyaozi). This is indicated in the book as applicable to thyroid adenoma. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
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 Berberine, an alkaloid constituent found in the rhizome and root of these plants, has demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli species, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas species.23'24 Berberine is effective against many bacteria and is also able to fight infections by inhibiting the bacteria from adhering to the host cell.25 It is unsafe for pregnant women and best not used by lactating women.
Goldenseal
Freeze-dried root: 500-1,000 mg Dried root: 1-2 g per day Tincture: 1-1 Vz tsp per day
Additional Botanicals. |
| The following are uterine stimulants or emmenagogues (agents that stimulate menstrual flow) that increase tone or muscular activity and serve to initiate the onset of menses:
• Squaw vine (Mitchella repens)
• Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
• Chaste tree (Vitex agnus castus)
• Pennyroyal* (Mentha pulegium)
• Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)
• Blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
Blue cohosh is a perennial herb that grows all over the United States, and it is the root or rhizome that is used medicinally. |
Andreas Moritz
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 Other research on gingerols demonstrated, the active components of ginger (the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, Roscoe), represent a potential new class of platelet activation inhibitors. Ginger's blood thinning effects provide great benefits for heart disease patients.
Chewing on a small piece of fresh ginger with a little honey, drinking some water with a few drops of ginger extract, or taking capsules of ginger powder are the best options of choice. To stimulate gastric juices, take some grated ginger with a pinch of unrefined sea salt before meals. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 The part of the plant that is actually used is called the rhizome. Turmeric itself contains a bunch of compounds, but the family of compounds thought to be most responsible for turmeric's medicinal effects are the curcuminoids, which are also responsible for giving turmeric its bright yellow color. The most important—and the most studied of the curcuminoids—is curcumin. Some of the studies mentioned below were done on curcumin, but the benefits apply equally to the turmeric plant that contains it. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 You are not going to get the full story on this speaking to a doctor
Natural Prescription for Menopausal Hot Flashes (and Other Nasty Symptoms)
Black cohosh: The German product Remifemin uses an extract standardized to 1 mg of 27-deoxyactein per 20 mg tablet; The British Herbal Compendium recommends 40-200 mg dried rhizome daily in divided doses. Use each product as directed on package label.
Dong quai: Can be used together with black cohosh, as directed on product label
DIM (diindolylmethane): A balancer of estrogen metabolism. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
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| PREPARATION AND SERVING SUGGESTIONS:
• Wasabi is prepared by grating the fresh rhizome against a rough surface. Some Japanese sushi chefs will only use a sharkskin grater. Grate in a circular motion.
• After grating, chop fresh wasabi with the backside of a knife. This will release more of the flavor.
• Compress the fresh wasabi into a ball and let stand for five to ten minutes at room temperature so that the sweetness and heat have time to develop.
• Spread a little on the fish and then dip the fish side of the sushi into soy sauce so that the sauce does not touch the wasabi. |
by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.
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| The rhizome is branched with small "arms," usually two inches in circumference. A piece of the rhizome is often called a "hand." It has a pale yellow interior and
• Crystallized ginger. This is also cooked in sugar syrup, then air-dried and rolled in sugar.
• Pickled ginger. The root is sliced paper thin and pickled in a vinegar solution. This pickle, known in Japan as gari, often accompanies sushi to refresh the palate between a skin varying in color /ft"} from brown to off-white. Jamaican ginger, which is pale ^ buff, is regarded as the best variety. courses. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
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 Edible Uses
The rhizome is edible; it is most often added to immune-building soups.
Other Uses
Topically, atractylodes is used in cosmetics for treating wrinkles and dark spots on the hands and face. The essential oil is used in perfumery. |
| Small yellow flowers spread along the ground above the rhizome. The seeds' capsules are irregular in shape and grayish brown in color. Each capsule contains four to eight seeds.
Etymology
The genus name, Rhamnus, derives from the Greek rhamnos, "branch" or "spiny shrub." The species name, purshiana, was bestowed in honor of botanist Frederick Pursh, who first described this plant in his 1814 Flora America Septentrionalis. The name cascara sagrada is Spanish for "sacred bark"; the name was given by Spanish-Americans who observed the plant's use by the Native Americans. |
| The light green to yellowish leaves cluster from the rhizome in a parallel fashion. The leaves, growing to about 4 feet in height, are lanceolate, with their bases enclosing the stem. Yellowish green flowers form a fleshy inflorescence and grow out at an angle about halfway up the stalk. |
| Edible Uses
The rhizome is not considered edible, aside from as tea. The roasted seeds have seen use as a coffee substitute, though they should not be eaten raw, as they are mildly toxic.
Botanical Name
Peumus boldus
Family
Monimiaceae (Lemonwood Family) Etymology
The common name boldo and species name boldus is thought to derive from boldu, the name given this plant by the Araucan tribe of Chile. The genus name, Peumus, is thought to derive from peumo, the name given to a similar tree by the Mapuche tribe of Chile. |
| The common name cohosh is an Algonquin term meaning "rough with hairs," in reference to the texture of the rhizome. |
| Use just the root or rhizome; there have been some reports of the flowers and leaves causing toxicity in humans.
Range and Appearance
Hydrangea is a Native American decidious shrub that can grow 5 to 10 feet tall. It grows in the wild along streams, hills, and woodlands and is a popular ornamental. The leaves are opposite, mostly ovate, pointed, and toothed. The numerous, small, beautiful flowers are borne on cymes and are usually white but sometimes pink or purple, depending on soil alkalinity. |
David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes
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 The Use of a Decoction of the rhizome of Leuzea Carthamoides for Treatment of Alcoholics with Depressive States (Ibatov 1995).
In this study, previously referred to in this monograph, twenty-eight recovering alcoholics with depression had relief from the symptoms of their depression for up to two years. In addition, patients also noted improved digestion. |
Marshall Editions
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 To treat insomnia associated with stress and anxiety: Mix 10 g of Chai Hu (hare's ear root), 12 g of Bai Shao (white peony), 12 g of Bai Zhu (white atractylodes rhizome), 15 g of Fuling (poria), 5 g of Bo He (field mint), 12 g of Dang Gui (Chinese angelica), 5 g of Gan Cao (licorice), and 12 g of Zi Su Ye (perilla leaf).
Acupuncture: A doctor of traditional Chinese medicine will first want to identify the cause of insomnia, which can be related to other serious illness. Treatment will then focus on the cause. |
| TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
2^ Herbs: Mix 10 g of Chai Hu (hare's ear root), 12 g of Bai Shao (white
¦ peony), 12 g of Bai Zhu (white atractylodes rhizome), 1 5 g of Fuling (poria), 5 g of Bo He (field mint), 12 g of Dang Gui (Chinese angelica), 5 g of Gan Cao (licorice), and 12 g of Zi Su Zi (perilla hips). Place these herbs in a ceramic pot and add 3% cups of water. Bring the mixture to a boil and simmer for 30 minutes. Strain and drink 1 cup twice a day for three to seven days.
Acupuncture: An experienced practitioner will recommend having 30-minute sessions once or twice a week. |
| Combine M tsp of valerian rhizome, % tsp of skullcap leaves, 1 tsp of fresh oat berries, and Yi tsp of passionflower in tincture form and take 1 dropper (60 drops) two to three times a day. Those with serious health conditions, or who are taking prescription drugs for mood or neurological disorders, should consult a qualified professional before taking valerian. Kava is a herb that is used widely to treat nervous anxiety, tension, agitation, and insomnia, all of which are common symptoms in those suffering from nicotine withdrawal. |
| Mix 10 g of ginseng, 15 g of Bai Zhu (white atractylodes rhizome), 15 g of Fuling (poria), 12 g of Yuan Zhi (Chinese senega root), 12 q g of Dang Cui (Chinese angelica root), 12 g of Long Yan Rou (longan), 15 g of Shu Di z Huang (Chinese foxglove cooked in wine), 12 g of Mai Men Dong (ophiopogon tuber),
^ and 5 g of Can Cao (licorice), o
_ Acupuncture: It is helpful to have a regular series of treatments before the onset of a
S panic attack. Acupuncture will help resolve the underlying causes of the condition. |
| To treat SAD associated with fatigue and body weakness: Mix 10 g of ginseng, 12 g of Bai Zhu (white atractylodes rhizome), 15 g of Shan Yao (Chinese yam), 12 g of Huang Qi (milk-vetch root), 15 g of Fuling (poria), and 3 g of Gan Cao (licorice). • To treat SAD associated with kidney deficiency: Mix 12 g of Ji Shen (jilin root), 15 g of Di Huang (Chinese foxglove), 15 g of Dan Shen (salvia root), and 12 g of Shan Zhu Yu (Asiatic cornelian cherry fruit), 15 g of Shan Yao (Chinese yam), 15 g of Fuling (poria), 12 g of Sang Shen Zi (mulberry fruit-spike), and 12 g of Tu Si Zi (Chinese dodder seed). |
| Mix 12 g of Fa Ben Xia (pinellia rhizome), 10 g of Hou Po (magnolia bark), 15 g of Fuling (poria), 12 g of Zi Su Gen (perilla), 6 g of fresh ginger, and six pieces of Da Zhao (Chinese jujube).
871 with loss of self-control), aspen (to treat vague, spooky fear that is not directed at anything specific), red chestnut (to treat fear for another's safety), star of Bethlehem (to ease fear related to a past trauma), and larch (to treat related issues such as lack of confidence). |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 They are smooth and finely downy. The leaves are whorled (4 to 7 in one whorl), lanceolate, on short petioles, pointed, and finely serrate.
Habitat: Indigenous to the eastern U.S. but grows elsewhere. |
James F. Balch, M.D. and Mark Stengler, N.D.
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 Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Medicinal Use: Anti-inflammatory, antitumor, arthritis, indigestion Parts Used: rhizome (the part of the plant that's above ground) Form Used: Tincture, capsule
Potential Side Effects: Do not take high amounts during pregnancy. Use with caution if you have gallstones.
Comments: It's one of the best anti-inflammatory herbs.
Usnea (Usnea barbata)
Medicinal Use: Cough, cold, infection
Parts Used: Entire lichen
Form Used: Tincture, capsule
Potential Side Effects: Use with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| The erect, angular, smooth stem is branched higher up and foliated up to the tip. The leaves are opposite, rough, ovate, acuminate, crenate, dark green above, and blue-green beneath. The lower leaves are up to 30 cm long, and the upper ones are oblong-ovate, sessile, and fused at the base to a cup form.
Habitat: The plant is indigenous to the western U.S., Oregon, and Texas. |
The Editors of FC&A
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| It's a rhizome, part of the stem that grows underground.
Discuss these remedies with your doctor before going gung-ho with spices. Large doses of ginger may irritate your stomach, and both ginger and turmeric can enhance the effects of blood-thinning medications, like aspirin and warfarin.
Boost your B's. Simply getting more B vitamins in your diet could soothe your swollen joints. In a Missouri study, people with arthritis in their hands took 6,400 micrograms (meg) of folic acid (B9) along with 20 meg of cobalamin (B12) every day. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| The leaves are large, bipinnate, and radical.
Characteristics: The fruit has milky juice and a strong smell.
Habitat: Afghanistan and eastern Iran.
Production: Asa foetida is the gum resin of Ferula foetida. |
Ben-Erik van Wyk
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 Notes The dried rhizome is a traditional diuretic medicine.
Atriplex hortensis orache
Orache (green form)
Orache (purple form)
Description Orache is an erect annual herb of up to 2 m in height with bright green, red or yellow foliage. The leaves are relatively large, triangular in shape and have toothed margins. Inconspicuous male and female flowers are borne on the same plant. Various other species of Atriplex have been used as wild sources of green leaves for spinach, including the saltbush (A. canescens) from North America and sea purslane or seabeach sandwort (A. halimus and A. |
Joseph E. Mario
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 American HELLEBORE rhizome (Veratrum veride/green) Lily family; also called Indian Poke, and Itch Weed. A 3-5' perennial in swamps and moist meadows, with large ribbed bottom leaves, a single pale green-yellow flower head like a cornstalk, with tiny white flower centers; grows in woods and swamp. Not as strong as Black Hellebore. Non-narcotic sedative (can bringa 150/min. pulse down to 30-40/min., expectorant, emetic, cathartic, diaphoretic (for surface coolness, moist soft skin, orperspiration), sternutatory. |
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