C. W. Randolph, M.D.
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 The first, the 2-hydroxy pathway, results in "good" estrogen metabolites. The second, the 16-hydroxy pathway, produces one of the "bad" estrogen metabolites, which results in an increased risk of cancer. The third, the 4-hydroxy pathway, is associated with an even higher rate of cancer.
It seems obvious that you should want more "good" estrogens than "bad" estrogens. Foods and supplements can influence which enzymatic pathway estrogen goes down. |
Bruce H. Lipton
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 Proteins enclosed within ovals are grouped according to specific pathway functions. Connecting lines indicate protein-protein interactions. Protein interconnections among the different pathways reveal how interfering with one protein may produce profound "side-effects" upon other related pathways. More wide spread "side-effects" may be generated when a common protein is utilized in completely different functions. For example, the same Rbpl protein (arrow) is used in RNA metabolism as well as in pathways associated with sex determination. Reprinted with permission from Science 302:1727-1736. |
C. W. Randolph, M.D.
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| The third, the 4-hydroxy pathway, is associated with an even higher rate of cancer.
It seems obvious that you should want more "good" estrogens than "bad" estrogens. Foods and supplements can influence which enzymatic pathway estrogen goes down. For instance, you have learned that cruciferous vegetables act as a catalyst to pull estrogen down a benign pathway to 2-hydroxyestrone, thus decreasing the levels of the carcinogenic 4- and 16-alpha hydroxyestrones, the "bad" estrogens. |
Lynne McTaggart
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 When an athlete performs, the nerves that signal to the muscles along a particular pathway are stimulated and the chemicals that have been produced remain there for a short period. Any future stimulation along the same pathways is made easier by the residual effects of the earlier connections. We get better at physical tasks because our signaling from intention to action has already been forged. It is not unlike a train track laid down through wild, inhospitable country. Future performances improve because your brain already knows the route and follows the track already laid down. |
C. W. Randolph, M.D.
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| Foods and supplements can influence which enzymatic pathway estrogen goes down. For instance, you have learned that cruciferous vegetables act as a catalyst to pull estrogen down a benign pathway to 2-hydroxyestrone, thus decreasing the levels of the carcinogenic 4- and 16-alpha hydroxyestrones, the "bad" estrogens. In addition, the supplement DIM supports the activity of enzymes that improve estrogen metabolism by increasing the levels of 2-hydroxyestrone, the "good" estrogen. |
Gabriel Cousens
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 High blood sugar, either from an inability to metabolize the sugar or by eating too much sugar foods, results in the shunting of glucose to the sorbitol pathway, which is a secondary pathway. But since the lens of the eye is impermeable to sorbitol, the lack of the polyol dehydrogenase enzyme occurs from excess demand, and the sorbitol accumulates to high concentrations. It persists even if glucose levels go to normal. This accumulation creates an osmotic gradient that draws water into the cells to maintain the osmotic balance in the eye cells. |
Dr. Jonathan Prousky, BPHE, BSc, ND, FRSH
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 The authors of this report postulated that a deficiency of vitamin B-3 reduced the feedback inhibition upon the kynurenine pathway, resulting in more tryptophan being diverted to the kynurenine pathway, making less substrate available for the synthesis of serotonin.
By contrast, the use of optimal doses of vitamin B-3 can increase the production of serotonin.3° In a rat study, the administration of 20 mg of niacin resulted in increased levels of 5-HIAA and decreased levels of xanthurenic acid via the kynurenine pathway. |
Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
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 In many people, the sulfation pathway in the liver is the weakest link in the system's chain of actions. Because the body cannot produce this molecule (sulfate) on its own, dietary sulfur is critical. Great sources of sulfur include not only eggs, high-quality fish and meat, but also an assortment of vegetables: onions, celery, kale, string beans, soybeans, turnips, radishes, and watercress.
A third pathway happens with the help of amino acids that the body can manufacture, and those include glycine, glutamine, arginine, taurine, and ornithine. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
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 Curcumin-induced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in melanoma cells are associated with suppression of IkappaB kinase and nuclear factor kappaB activity and are independent of the B-Raf/mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway and the Akt pathway. Cancer. 2005 Aug 15;104(4):879-890.
Villasenor IM, Simon MKB, Villanueva AMA. Comparative potencies of nutraceuti-cals in chemically induced skin tumor prevention. Nutr Cancer. 2002;44:66-70. |
Gary Null and Amy McDonald
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 If there's an imbalance in the different neurochemical pathways, then it is thought that the choline and lecithin will help along what is called the phos-phytotyl choline pathway. You add the lecithin so you don't have to give as much choline, because choline tends to lead to a very fishy smell in the body. It is presumed that this brings a balance back, or reestablishes the proper chemical balance in the brain to relieve the abnormal movements. |
Gabriel Cousens
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| High blood sugar, either from an inability to metabolize the sugar or by eating too much sugar foods, results in the shunting of glucose to the sorbitol pathway, which is a secondary pathway. But since the lens of the eye is impermeable to sorbitol, the lack of the polyol dehydrogenase enzyme occurs from excess demand, and the sorbitol accumulates to high concentrations. It persists even if glucose levels go to normal. This accumulation creates an osmotic gradient that draws water into the cells to maintain the osmotic balance in the eye cells. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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 According to a UK government funded study, changes "to a specific biochemical pathway can result in unintended effects to related and unrelated pathways."88 This can be triggered by the GM protein and by unintended changes in gene expression due to genetic engineering.
Toxins may increase
"Most of mankind's staple food plants were once low yield and very pest resistant," says microbiologist Mark Rasmus-sen. "Pest resistance was due to the presence of a wide array of defensive chemical compounds within the plant. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 Which is the point: when working with the inscrutable immune system, investigators are often working partially blind: they don't understand nearly enough about how one pathway of immune cell interactions impacts another to predict what will happen when they alter one of these pathways. Science tends to be murky that way, but as any immunologist will tell you, perhaps in no field is it messier than in autoimmune-disease drug research. |
Andreas Moritz
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 At this stage, the sun energy of the sun's rays passing through the human eye will be charging the hypothalamus tract—the pathway behind the retina leading to the human brain. As the brain increasingly receives extra power through this pathway, you will find a drastic reduction of mental tension and worries. With access to this additional source of energy, you are likely to develop a more positive mindset and increased self-confidence. If you suffer from anxieties and depression, you will find that these go away. |
Bill Sardi
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 Journal National Cancer Institute 97: 1601-08, 2005]
Alcohol works by another pathway to promote breast cancer. Both the Iowa Women's Health Study (1992) and the Nurses' Health Study (1995) found that only women who consume alcohol exhibit an increase risk for breast cancer when taking estrogen replacement. The blood levels of estrogen rises by as much as 300% in a postmenopausal woman who takes estrogen replacement and consumes alcohol. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 The extract also augmented B-20 cell proliferation independent of estrogen receptor-mediated pathway. These data illustrate estrogen-like activity of Dong Quai that might assist in decision-making regarding herbal therapy use by women at risk for breast cancer—both estrogen sensitive and insensitive. Given these findings and the scarcity of clinical data on side effects, caution is warranted for the use of Dong Quai in treating peri- or postmenopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer particularly (Lau et al 2005). |
| Aloe vera gel exerts anti-inflammatory activity through its inhibitory action on the arachidonic acid pathway via cyclooxygenase (Vazquez, 1996). Due to its anti-throm-boxane effects, Aloe vera decreases the morbidity of progressive dermal ischemia in frostbite (Heggers, 1987). Aloe vera contains a carboxypeptidase that inactivates bradykinin, salicylates, and a substance that inhibits thromboxane formation (Fujita, 1976; Klein, 1988). |
Robert Hass, M.S.
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 Harmful product: 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone
Pathway 1: Phytonutrients in soy, flaxseed, salmon, broccoli, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts influence the metabolism of estradiol toward the safer pathway 1.
Safe product: 2-hydroxyestrone
Breast cancer
Normal cell growth
Estradiol can be converted to two products that differ structurally. pathway 1 converts estradiol to a relatively safe form of estrogen called 2-hydroxyestrone. pathway 2 metabolizes estradiol to a form of estrogen, 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone, that promotes the unchecked cellular growth that leads to breast cancer. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| EFFECTS
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is the intermediate metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan (LT) in the serotonin pathway. Therapeutic use of 5-HTP bypasses the conversion of LT into 5-HTP by the enzyme tryptophan hydrolase, which is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of serotonin. Tryptophan hydrolase can be inhibited by numerous factors, including stress, insulin resistance, vitamin B6 deficiency, and insufficient magnesium. In addition, these same factors can increase the conversion of LT to kynurenine via tryptophan oxygenase, making LT unavailable for serotonin production. |
Bill Sardi
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| Cholesterol Pregnenolone
Chemical pathway for testosterone
5„ Progesterone
1 7-OH-pregnenolone - —> 1 7-OH-pregnenolone
DHEA
^> Androsteneedione
Androstendediol
Testosterone
To the contrary, researchers at Case Western University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, prescribed testosterone to 10 men who had undergone prior castration and surgical removal of their prostate glands. These men would be considered at high risk for recurrence of tumors. |
| Healthy cells rely upon the thiamine-ribose pathway to rapidly reproduce. Low thiamine levels can also predispose people to cancer. [Cancer Letters 202: 125-29, 2003] Thiamine deficiency, which commonly occurs among patients with leukemia (blood cancer), can result in heart failure, nerve damage and other side effects. Alcohol also depletes thiamine. Therefore, a careful balance of thiamine status is recommended for cancer patients. [Postgraduate Medical Journal 77: 582-85, 2001 ] Probably 10-15 milligrams per day is adequate from dietary supplements. |
Andreas Moritz
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| They merely hush the voice of nature's protest, and pull down the danger signals she erects along the pathway of transgression. Any poison taken into the system has to be reckoned with later on even though it palliates present symptoms. Pain may disappear, but the patient is left in a worse condition, though unconscious of it at the time." ~ Daniel. H. Kress, M.D.
Taking painkillers, unless it is absolutely necessary for extremely painful conditions, is an act of suppressing and destroying the healing intelligence of the body. |
| As the brain increasingly receives extra power through this pathway, you will find a drastic reduction of mental tension and worries. With access to this additional source of energy, you are likely to develop a more positive mindset and increased self-confidence. If you suffer from anxieties and depression, you will find that these go away. Sadness and depression are known to increase with reduced or lack of exposure to sunlight. With fewer worries and fears, your brain may use the saved and additionally supplied energy for healing and improvement of mental and physical wellbeing. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| Alpha-mangostin induces Ca2+-ATPase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in PC12 cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 May;95(l):33-40.
Suksamrarn S, Komutiban O, Ratananukul P, Chimnoi N, Lartpornmatulee N, Suksamrarn A. Cytotoxic prenylated xanthones from the young fruit of Garcinia mangostana. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2006 Mar;54(3):301-5.
Suksamrarn S, Suwannapoch N, Phakhodee W, Thanuhiranlert J, Ratananukul P, Chimnoi N, Suksamrarn A. Antimycobacterial activity of prenylated xanthones from the fruits of Garcinia mangostana. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2003 Jul;51(7):857-9. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 A Unique Glucose-Dependent
Apoptotic pathway Induced by c-Myc." Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences,
USA 95, no. 4 (1998): 1511-16. Siegler, Bonnie. Diabetes. Interview with Halle Berry. Third quarter 2003, 8.
-. "Halle Berry: My Battle with Diabetes." Daily News, December 13, 2005. http://www.daih/mail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/health/healthmain.html?in_article_id=371528&in_page_id= 1774. Silink, Martin. Keynote address, Rotary District 9830, Hobart College, March 3, 2006. http://lanecove
.rotarnet.com.au/Rotacove%2030%20May%2006.pdf. Silvera, S. A., M. Jain, G. R. Howe, A. |
Bill Sardi
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| Chemical pathway for testosterone ... 173
Brachytherapy: implantation of radioactive seeds... 174 Informed consent... 174 Timing of treatment... 176
Patient education, informed consent and decision making ... 176
Comparing doctors... 177
Screening ... 180
Symptoms of cancer or an enlarged prostate? ... 181 Detection of prostate cancer... 182 PSA testing ... 182 PSA invalid... 183
What is the accuracy of the PSA test? ... 184
Men falsely reassured they don't have prostate cancer... 185
Staging ... 185
Sleight of hand: Gleason scores... 186
Biopsy is problematic ... |
Gerald E. Markle and Frances B. McCrea
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 Thus, we have an interaction between an active patient's mind and a physiological pathway. "We are beginning to understand what happens in the patient's brain when he or she interacts with his or her therapist," said one of the study's authors. |
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