Dr. Timothy Scott See book keywords and concepts | Knowing they might also be less objective than they would like to be, they gathered every review article in English on the health effects of passive smoking written between 1980 and 1995 and then asked two independent reviewers (who were kept in the dark concerning the purpose of the study) to categorize each review's conclusions for 12 criteria. A total of 106 review articles were located, 37% of which concluded that passive smoking is not bad for one's health! If the two independent assessors' rating scores for any article differed by more than . | Dr Ron Roberts See book keywords and concepts | Studies indicate that passive smoking increases the risk of an asthma attack by approximately 50 per cent.
Children's lungs are ultra-sensitive and when constantly exposed to smoke they are more likely to suffer from coughs, bronchitis and respiratory problems, including asthma and pneumonia, and have a greater risk of developing lung cancer. It has been argued that if smoking in the home was stopped, as many as one-third of asthmatic children would be helped.
If you are a smoker, consider what you are doing to your body—wrecking it. | Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts | Objective passive smoking indicators and respiratory morbidity in young children. In: DAZ 135(46):4330-4331 et4334. 1995.
Borisjuk NV, Davidjuk YM, Kostishin SS, Miroshnichenco GP, Velasco R, Hemleben V, Volkov RA, Structural analysis of rDNA in the genus Nicotiana. Plant Mol Biol, 35:655-60. Nov. 1997
Devarenne TP, Shin DH, Back K, Yin S, Chappell J, Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus. IV. Movement protein and coat protein are both essential for cell-to-cell movement of cucumber mosaic virus. Virology, 349:237-48. Oct 27. | Devra Davis See book keywords and concepts | If the industry can succeed in debunking and dismissing risks that seem relatively small, such as passive smoking, then the public will ignore the evidence of harm. Sheehy was a smart man. He pointed out the hypocrisy underlying the whole idea of a safe cigarette. "In attempting to develop a 'safe cigarette' you are, by invitation, in danger of being interpreted as excepting [sic] that the current product is 'unsafe' and this is not a position that I think we should take."18
For Gori and the Tobacco Working Group, the end was near. | | The battle over passive smoking had become the next front. EPA scientists had shown that indoor levels of fine particles from cigarette smoking could far exceed those for which they had already set standards outdoors. Costle was ordered not to measure the amounts of fine particles released by cigarette smoke in the indoor environment—an order that still stands today. Although he headed the National Toxicology Program, Rail couldn't study the ability of sidestream or passive tobacco smoke to cause cancer in animals in experimental studies. | | Our current initiatives are to challenge the whole area of "low risk epidemiology."
Here the message is clear. If the industry can succeed in debunking and dismissing risks that seem relatively small, such as passive smoking, then the public will ignore the evidence of harm. Sheehy was a smart man. He pointed out the hypocrisy underlying the whole idea of a safe cigarette. "In attempting to develop a 'safe cigarette' you are, by invitation, in danger of being interpreted as excepting [sic] that the current product is 'unsafe' and this is not a position that I think we should take. | Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts | Smoking and passive smoking have been implicated in chronic nasal congestion and the prevalence of chronic rhinitis among men has been shown to increase with cigarette consumption. Those exposed to chlorine, such as lifeguards and swimmers, may also be at risk of developing this condition.
SYMPTOMS
TREATMENT GOAL
• Nasal stuffiness
• Pressure, tenderness, or pain in the area above the eyebrows
• Pressure, tenderness, or pain in the
It is important to determine triggers, and careful evaluation by a specialist may help identify contributory factors. | Dr. Timothy Scott See book keywords and concepts | When the results were finally analyzed, the study revealed that 94% of the review articles which concluded passive smoking is not bad for one's health were written by those who had tobacco industry ties. Only 13% of those without tobacco industry ties came to such a conclusion. But even more telling, when only articles of high quality (based on the independent raters' assessments) were examined, tobacco industry ties became the one and only factor associated with a review concluding that passive smoking is not dangerous. | Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts | Obective passive smoking indicators and respiratory morbidity in young children. In: DAZ 135(46):4330-4331 et 4334. 1995.
Bhide SV et al., Beitrag Tabakforsch Int 14:29. 1987.
Duncker S, Atemwegserkrankungen: Passivrauchen verschlimmert Bronchialasmma bei Kindern. In: DAZ 136(3):184. 1996.
Enzell CR, Wahlberg I, Aaasen Al, Fortschr Chem Org Naturstoffe 34:1. 1977.
Jungmayr P, Schlaganfall: Wie hoch ist das Risiko fiir Exraucher? In: DAZ 136(2):28. 1996.
Kammerer S, Nichtraucherschutz. Passivrauchen erhoht Lungenkrebsrisiko. In: DAZ 135(14):1264-1266. 1995. | Dr. Timothy Scott See book keywords and concepts | This was the finding of Deborah Barnes and Lisa Bero who published an analysis of review articles on passive smoking in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Knowing they might also be less objective than they would like to be, they gathered every review article in English on the health effects of passive smoking written between 1980 and 1995 and then asked two independent reviewers (who were kept in the dark concerning the purpose of the study) to categorize each review's conclusions for 12 criteria. | Gerald E. Markle and Frances B. McCrea See book keywords and concepts | The effects of even brief (minutes to hours) passive smoking are often nearly as large (averaging 80% to 90%) as chronic active smoking." Regular exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of coronary heart disease by 30%.17 Indeed, in 1994, a new medical diagnostic code was created for "exposure to secondhand smoke."18
And what about obesity? Our conclusion is obvious: Americans are too fat—and getting even fatter!
In 1986, about one in 200 were defined as "morbidly obese." By 2002, rhat number had quadrupled to one in 50. | Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts | Avoid passive smoking (secondhand smoke).
þ Avoid aspirin, which increases bleeding tendencies.
Q Once the acute phase of the illness has passed and recovery has begun, eat a well-balanced diet including fresh fruits and vegetables (50 percent of them raw), grains, nuts, seeds, and yogurt and other soured products.
Q Consume fresh pineapple and papaya frequently. Pineapple reduces inflammation; papaya is good for digestion. Only the fresh forms are effective. | KC Craichy See book keywords and concepts | The study results pointed to a definite link between lung cancer and passive smoking:
¦ 97 people developed lung cancer.
¦ 20 more had related cancers, such as cancer of the larynx.
¦ 14 died from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
¦ Ex-smokers faced up to twice the risk of respiratory diseases from passive smoke than those who had never smoked.34
Don't smoke! And if you are living with someone who does, insist that he or she smoke outside and away from children. | Dr. Timothy Scott See book keywords and concepts | A total of 106 review articles were located, 37% of which concluded that passive smoking is not bad for one's health! If the two independent assessors' rating scores for any article differed by more than .20 points, they discussed their evaluations and sought a consensus. This was rarely necessary as 95% of the time their independent assessments were in agreement. For over three-quarters of the articles the authors did not reveal their source of funding for the research. Thus, Barnes and Bero investigated that issue. | | But even more telling, when only articles of high quality (based on the independent raters' assessments) were examined, tobacco industry ties became the one and only factor associated with a review concluding that passive smoking is not dangerous.2 A number of other studies have also found that sponsorship can greatly influence a study's conclusions.3
Two points concerning this research demand comment. First, money greatly influences research results, a fact I hope you clearly understand by now. | | Many literature reviews of the research have found that passive smoking (breathing smokers' exhaled smoke) poses no risks to non-smokers. Surprised? Then read on.
Literature reviews are frequently published by scientific journals to bring the reader up to date concerning what the most recent research studies have found on various topics being reviewed. In theory, those who publish the review articles are simply summarizing what other researchers have found. Their own bias should not result in any bias in the literature review. That is the theory. | Mark Bricklin See book keywords and concepts | It's called "passive smoking," meaning that you're inhaling the fumes of someone else's butt. Increasingly regarded as an invasion of privacy, a recent study reveals that more than your privacy is being invaded—your very blood is being assaulted.
In the preceding, positive part on our discussion of the heart, we talked a lot about how various foods and nutrients made blood platelets less likely to clot. passive smoking does the exact opposite, decreasing the sensitivity of our blood platelets to natural body substances that keep them from clotting together too rapidly. | Mark Hyman, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Reduce exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke as much as possible. passive smoking has been linked to many respiratory disorders, as well as to cancer and heart disease.
• Do not microwave in Saran wrap or plastic wraps; use glass or ceramic containers when microwaving foods or storing hot food to reduce the leaching of the chemicals from plastics (phthalates) into your food.
• When entering your house, remove your shoes, especially if your house is carpeted, or you will track contaminants inside. | David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG See book keywords and concepts | This, the single most preventable cause of death, is responsible for one in six deaths, or more deaths each year than fires, automobile crashes, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, AIDS, murders, and suicides combined. passive smoking, commonly called secondhand smoke, kills some 50,000 Americans each year, making it the third leading cause of preventable death. For every eight smokers, one nonsmoker dies from the effects of secondhand smoke.
Cardiovascular Diseases
People who smoke a pack of cigarettes a day have more than twice the risk of heart attack as nonsmokers. | Ronald L. Hoffman, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | New Methods for Fighting Asthma
In the spirit of preventive medicine, I first encourage my patients to avoid situations that can irritate the respiratory system: passive smoking, environmental pollutants, dust mites, chemicals, and mold. As we discussed in the allergy section, mold allergy is becoming increasingly appreciated as an asthma precipitant. Asthma sufferers can use "mold plates" to identify the presence of troublesome molds at home. | | Smoking
Even passive smoking greatly increases vulnerability to allergies. It can cause transient or lifelong allergic reactions. I am amazed when someone comes in complaining of chronic sinusitis and then says, "Oh incidentally, I smoke. Do you think that's affecting things?" When it comes to smoking cessation, I demand unconditional compliance from my allergy patients.
Asthma
A man in his forties came into my office recently complaining that he couldn't shake colds and was always coughing. Even the slightest chemical odor made his nose run. | Samuel S. Epstein, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | The costs of passive smoking have not yet been adequately recognized, let alone estimated. Other direct costs include the millions of public research dollars spent on tobacco-induced diseases, income loss from tobacco-induced diseases, and excess fire protection costs. In the latter category for example, fire protection and fire damage costs from smoking in Massachusetts alone are estimated to be $18 million and $26 million, respectively. Recent estimates of total annual costs from smoking are in the $20 billion range. | | Recent information on the dangers of passive smoking have lent further emphasis to these rights. Prominent among these is the Washington-based Action on Smoking and Health. This public interest group has appeared before the Federal Trade Commission in hearings to beef-up warnings on cigarette packages, and to impose stricter advertising rules; before the Federal Communications Commission to get "little cigar" commercials off the air and more anti-smoking ads on; and before the FDA to provide labels on birth control pills warning women about higher disease risks among pill takers who smoke. | | The report, which is an encyclopedic compilation of the published literature, avoids taking stands on the dangers of passive smoking and on the needs for more vigorous federal anti-smoking policies and regulation. print.* Sensitive to $400 million advertising revenues, the press has engaged in a "conspiracy of silence" to ignore or minimize the human death toll from tobacco. | Arthur C. Upton, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Toxic Possibilities If You Answered Yes*
Cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic bronchitis. passive smoking can also be a serious problem.
Marijuana and inhaled cocaine and heroin can cause shortness of breath and lung damage.
Ozone, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter cause these symptoms.
Animal danders, pollen, and nuisance and irritant dusts can cause or worsen symptoms. Chemicals such as diisocyanates can also do this.
What to Do
Quit smoking. Avoid people who are smoking. If not possible, make sure the room is well ventilated. | | According to a multicenter study of healthy adolescents, passive smoking, like active smoking, may lead to alterations in blood lipid profiles, which are predictive of an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Cadmium, a heavy metal released into the air by cigarette smoke, has been implicated in renal disease.
To protect their children, parents should refrain from smoking in the house and never smoke in the car.
Besides being exposed to toxic fumes, children who live with smokers are also exposed to the subtle message that smoking cigarettes is acceptable behavior. | | The 1986 reports by the National Research Council (NRC) and the surgeon general both concluded that passive smoking adversely affects children's health. These reports, and the Committee on Environmental Hazards of the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommended that children not be exposed to cigarette smoke.
A number of studies have linked parents' smoking to health problems in children. Children who live with smokers are nearly twice as likely as those who live in smoke-free households to suffer colds, asthma, and other respiratory problems, including bronchitis. | Zorba Paster, M.D. and Susan Meltsner See book keywords and concepts | Twenty thousand people die from passive smoking every year. If you or your spouse smokes, then take it outside. Making a smoking parlor outdoors will enable you to live smoke free. When you spring this decision on your spouse, relatives, and friends who smoke, you may have to tolerate some grumbling for a while. But you only need to make this decision once to live in your home smoke free.
Asbestos
Used in buildings until the late 1960s, it was thought of as a wonder fiber. Cheap and easy to use in insulation and in flooring, asbestos was ubiquitous. |
Hemp TodayEd Rosenthal See book keywords and concepts | | There are grounds to think that passive smoking is of much less concern with cannabis since pot smokers emit less smoke than cigarette smokers. It therefore seems reasonable to conclude that the total smoking-related costs of active and passive pot smoking are unlikely to exceed two cents per joint. | | Aside from cases of passive smoking, these must be counted as internal costs, except to the extent that they may raise group health insurance costs for others. (There are actually good grounds to believe that legalization would reduce the costs of respiratory damage from marijuana smoking by encouraging the development of better smoke filtration technology, the substitution of more potent, less smoke-producing varieties of marijuana, and the substitution of oral preparations for smoked marijuana. |
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