Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD
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 The two faces of L-dopa: Benefits and adverse side effects in the treatment of Encephalitis lethargica, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Medical Hypotheses 2004;62:177-81.
4 Sacks O. The origin of "Awakenings." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). I983;287(6409):i968-1969.
5 Columbia Pictures Corporation. Zaillian S (Screenplay). Awakenings; 1990.
6 Foster HD, Hoffer A. The two faces of L-dopa: Benefits and adverse side effects in the treatment of Encephalitis lethargica, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. |
Marshall Editions
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 Generally an MRI or CT scan is carried out to rule out brain or ear abnormalities such as tumors and to rule out other causes such as multiple sclerosis.
Conductive hearing loss: Causes of conductive hearing loss include otitis media, Eustachian tube dysfunction, a perforated eardrum, a foreign body in the ear canal, or problems with the small bones of the ear.
Sensorineural hearing loss: Causes of sensorineural hearing loss include, most commonly, presbyacusis (hearing loss in old age), Meniere's disease, multiple sclerosis, loss due to hereditary causes, diabetes, or acoustic neuroma. |
Jack Challem
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 Researchers at Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, found that ginkgo extracts improved various thinking processes in patients with multiple sclerosis. The subjects experienced an improvement in attention, planning, and decision making. All of the patients had previously sustained cognitive impairments as part of their multiple sclerosis.
Dosage: Take 240 to 360 mg of standardized ginkgo extract daily. Divide the amounts, and take them two or three times daily.
Ginseng
Principal use: For memory and adapting to stress. |
James Dowd and Diane Stafford
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 Multiple Sclerosis
In multiple sclerosis (MS), the immune system makes antibodies to proteins found in the nerve covering (the myelin sheath). The inflammation that results disrupts the nerve covering, which needs to be intact to speed transmission of electrical impulses. Disrupting the covering greatly slows transmission of electrical impulses, resulting in partial or permanent loss of sensation or muscle function.
In studying worldwide populations, Dr. John Kurtzke of the Veterans Administration Hospital in Washington, D.C. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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 Though the use of magnets has been shown to improve cases of multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, very few studies have tested their effectiveness against sleep disorders. However, one study did show that three weeks of magnet therapy permanently eliminated a chronic case of sleep paralysis in a multiple sclerosis patient. This report suggests that magnet therapy promoted melatonin secretion, since REM sleep disorders such as sleep paralysis have been linked to melatonin deficiency. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 National multiple sclerosis Society. "Stories Linking Aspartame and multiple sclerosis Unfounded." http://www.nationalmssociety.org/headlines-aspartame.asp. National PKU News website, http://www.pkunews.org/.
National Soft Drink Association. "Objections of the National Soft Drink Association to a Final Rule Permitting the Use of Aspartame in Carbonated Beverages and Carbonated Beverage Syrup Bases and a Request for a Hearing on the Objections" (Docket No. 82F-0305, Draft, July 28, 1983) appearing in Congressional Record 131, no. 58 (1985): 5507-11. http://www.dorway.com/ nsda.html. |
Bottom Line Health
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| Patricia O'Looney, MD, director, biomedical research, National multiple sclerosis Society.
Russell Katz, MD, Office of Drug Evaluation 1, Division of Neurology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration.
Setting strict guidelines, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has allowed the return of the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug natalizumab (Tysabri). |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 Beyond the hurdle of embryonic stem-cell funding, even if researchers succeed in regrowing axons in paralyzed humans with multiple sclerosis, or in those with Guillain-Barre who have not had good recoveries, or in patients with chronic inflammatory de-myelinating polyneuropathy, a cousin to Guillain-Barre in which demyelination persists, they still face the issue of how to keep the hyperactive immune system that is the hallmark of these autoimmune diseases in check and prevent it from going after and damaging the myelin and axonal nerves time and again—after an initial stem-cell treatment. |
Marshall Editions
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| Meniere's can sometimes be confused with ear infection, viral labrinthitis, IjJ acoustic neuroma, migraines, and multiple sclerosis. Diagnosis usually involves an MRI scan, which involves taking a picture of the brain to make I* sure there is not a tumor present. It may also involve an electronystagmograph and an electrocochleograph, which are tests performed by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist.
Prevention: Avoid atypical food allergens, processed foods, caffeine, and alcohol. |
| It is a symptom of another condition rather than a disease in itself and can be caused by a variety of illnesses, including neurological diseases, multiple sclerosis, polio, and degenerative changes associated with ageing. It tends to affect women more than men, as pregnancy and childbirth can weaken the pelvic floor and, after the menopause, estrogen levels are lower, which can mean that muscle pressure around the urethra is weaker. The urethra may be less elastic and unable to close completely so that leaks are more likely to occur. Some medications can also affect the pelvic floor. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 There is a growing body of evidence that a higher intake of vitamin D may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of cancer, high blood pressure, fibromyalgia, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases.
Humans make their own vitamin D3 when they are exposed to sunlight. In fact, only 10-15 minutes a day in a bright summer sun creates large amounts of the vitamin, Lappe said. However, people need to exercise caution since the sun's ultraviolet B rays also can cause skin cancer; sunscreen blocks most vitamin D production. |
Marshall Editions
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| Illnesses that mimic CFS include anemia, celiac disease, liver disease, lupus, low thyroid function, and multiple sclerosis. Although the basic underlying cause remains uncertain, research suggests that CFS is triggered by a combination of factors, including a genetic susceptibility and repeated infections, particularly of a flu virus. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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 Each case was matched with two controls and serum samples were collected before the date of initial symptoms and were assayed for 25(OH)D. The risk of developing multiple sclerosis significantly decreased with increasing levels of baseline 25(OH)D [84]. In conditions in which there is chronic pain and disability, such as fibromyalgia or chronic muscle fatigue, vitamin D deficiency should be investigated, because higher doses of vitamin D are known to promote muscle strength and balance in nursing home residents [85].
3. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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| Although the idea of using embryonic stem cells for research is one that each scientist, politician, and voter must wrestle with for him- or herself, when the question arises among the four hundred sufferers of multiple sclerosis at the annual MS meeting where Kerr recently detailed his work on stem cells, their position is unanimous: embryonic stem cells hold the potential promise for them to live normal lives as mothers and fathers. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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 CONTRAINDICATIONS
ALL VARIETIES AND FORMS
Because of a conceivable activation of autoimmune aggressions and other overreactive immune responses, the drug should not be administered in the presence of multiple sclerosis, leukoses, collagenoses, AIDS or tuberculosis. Parenteral administration should not be used in patients with tendencies to allergies, especially allergies to members of the composite family (Asteraceae), as well as in pregnancy. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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| The first time," Kerr answers, duly aware that the breakthrough offers a long-overdue gleam of hope on what often seems a bleak scientific horizon for the growing number of Americans facing multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, transverse myelitis, and a host of other neurological autoimmune diseases in which the body attacks its own nervous system, leading to weakness, numbness, and, in some cases, paralysis in the limbs. |
| A striking body of data shows that having higher levels of vitamin D in the blood may lower the risk of developing multiple sclerosis significantly. Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health examined more than 7 million U.S. military personnel who had serum samples stored in the Department of Defense Serum Repository and correlated each individual's vitamin D levels. Those who had high levels of vitamin D were least likely to develop the disease later on in life. |
Rick Levy and Lou Aronica
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 Two years ago, a middle-aged woman with multiple sclerosis (MS) came to see me for help with depression. She had recently left a marriage of twenty-five years to a man who'd abused her emotionally, though in public he was an icon of service to her community and her church. This woman had no remarkable problems early in life. She'd grown up in a loving, stable family in northern
California. She stayed in her abusive marriage for so long because her family and religious values would not let her walk away. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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| THE BLOOD DETECTIVES
Imagine a future in which your regular checkup includes state-of-the-art blood tests that can predict with striking accuracy whether ten years down the road you'll develop rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, Sjogren's disease, Addison's disease, or type 1 diabetes. If your lab tests do prove positive for specific patterns of antibodies that predict you have, say, an 80 percent or better chance of developing one of these autoimmune diseases, your physician quickly reassures you: worry not. |
Anne Harrington
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 The most recent was ratified in February 1999: a case of multiple sclerosis suffered by a middle-aged Frenchman named Jean-Pierre Bely.)5
Bernadette Soubrious (1844-1879). From the beginning, the Lourdes
©Bettmann/Corbis Medical Bureau made it clear that
Pilgrims in Lourdes. 1872. The original caption to this image read: "At the Grotto, they drink the miraculous water, admire the miraculous statue and pray for miracles of their own." From A. Deroy, in Ny Illustrerad Tidning (November 9, 1872), p. 357, and also O Novo Mundo (1873), p. 284. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA 296, 2832-2838.
85. Broe, K. E., Chen, T. C, Weinberg, J., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Holick, M. J., and Kiel, D. P. (2007). A higher dose of vitamin D reduces the risk of falls in nursing home residents: A randomized, multiple-dose study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 55, 234-239.
86. National Kidney Foundation. (2003). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2, S1-S201.
87. Gonzales, E. A., Sachdeva, A., Oliver, D. A., and Martin, K. J. (2004). |
| D status and risk of development of multiple sclerosis (MS). That study was possible because the U.S. military has a huge repository of frozen serum samples that could be analyzed, in this case for 25(OH)D, in order to ascertain the level of vitamin D nutrition before the development of MS. This study, as executed, used a case-control design, rather than a nonconcurrent cohort design, but that was purely for reasons of cost. (Because MS is a fortunately rare disorder, starting with the cases greatly reduced the required investigative and analytical work. |
| Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 62, 60-65.
CHAPTER 1 !>
Choline and Neural Development
MIHAI D. N1CULESCU' AND STEVEN H. ZEISEL2
1 Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 2UNC Nutrition Research Institute at Kannapolis, North Carolina
Contents
I. Introduction 237
II. Choline Metabolism and Biochemistry 237
III. Choline in Foods and Dietary Requirements 238
IV. Choline and Neural Development 239
V. Long-Lasting Consequences of Prenatal Choline Availability 242
VI. Implications for Human Brain Development 243 References 243
I. |
Ray D. Strand
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 If it attacks the joint space, we call it rheumatoid arthritis; if it attacks our bowels, we call it Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis; if it attacks the myelin sheath of our nerves, we call it multiple sclerosis; and when it attacks the connective tissue of our body, we call it lupus or scleroderma.
Why and how does this happen? I learned in medical school that autoimmune diseases were the result of an "overactive" immune system that begins attacking "self" instead of "nonself. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| Vitamin D and autoimmune disease: implications for practice from the multiple sclerosis literature. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 106, 418-424.
221. Grant, W. B. (2006). Epidemiology of disease risks in relation to vitamin D insufficiency. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 92, 65-79.
222. Provvedini, D. M., Rulot, C. M., Sobol, R. E., Tsoukas, C. D., and Manolagas, S. C. (1987). 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvita-min D3 receptors in human thymic and tonsillar lymphocytes. /. Bone. Miner. Res. 2, 239-247.
223. Veldman, C. M., Cantorna, M. T., and DeLuca, H. F. (2000). |
Melody Petersen
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 For instance, the market value of the company Serono soared by two billion dollars the day it announced that Pfizer would help it sell Rebif, a drug for multiple sclerosis. Investors were betting that Rebif's sales would now skyrocket with the help of Pfizer's marketing might.
In 2000 Pfizer bullied its way into becoming the world's largest pharmaceutical company through a hostile takeover of Warner-Lambert, a firm that had been its partner in the marketing of Lipitor, the cholesterol drug. Warner-Lambert scientists had discovered Lipitor, but Pfizer wanted to sell it. |
Benjamin H. Natelson, M.D.
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 In fact, CFS patients are more likely to report that they had experienced infectious-type symptoms and fatigue many months before the onset of their illness than other patients where fatigue is a problem, such as those with multiple sclerosis.
Another risk factor for developing problems with fatigue later in life is low blood pressure. Normal systolic pressure is 120; the break-point for systolic hypertension (what we usually call "high blood pressure") is 140; and systolic hypotension (low blood pressure) is defined as a pressure less than 100 mmHg. |
| If someone with multiple sclerosis has a husband who is never home and is not supportive, she will have additional trouble coping with her disease as well as a chance of doing worse. If, on the other hand, her spouse is always there for her, she may have trouble walking, but her quality of life will be better for his presence, caring, and concern.
Although a doctor cannot improve a patient's relationships, he or she can be sensitive to them and can try to help patients reduce the consequences of negative aspects of their lives. |
| While rates of depression or anxiety for women with "less than severe" CFS were in the same range as women with diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (29 percent), rates were over 50 percent in the "severe" group.
One thing that seems to move a woman from the "less than severe" category to the "severe" category of CFS is the addition of fibromyalgia (FM). Women with both CFS and FM are twice as likely to have a problem with depression as those with CFS alone. And when multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) also exists, rates climb even higher. |
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