Andreas Moritz
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 He discovered that increased dietary intake of linoleic acid (a common polyunsaturated fatty acid) stimulates cancer growth rates because cancer cells take up and metabolize linoleic acid. During darkness, high levels of melatonin released by the pineal gland block the ability of tumors to take up linoleic acid and convert it to 13-HODE (a molecule called 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid). While exposed to light, however, melatonin levels are extremely low, and tumors are no longer protected by melatonin from the tumor-stimulating action of linoleic acid. |
The Editors of FC&A
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| A recent Japanese study found that linoleic acid, the kind found in corn oil, might lower your risk for ischemic stroke. Researchers suspect it works by lowering blood pressure and preventing platelets from sticking together.
You can also find linoleic acid in safflower, sunflower, and soybean oils. But don't go overboard. A high ratio of omega-6 fatty acids (like linoleic acid) to omega-3 fatty acids can cause all sorts of health problems, including headaches, arthritis, asthma, and arrhythmia.
Catch more fish. It's this simple — more fish means less risk of stroke. |
Andreas Moritz
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| During darkness, high levels of melatonin released by the pineal gland block the ability of tumors to take up linoleic acid and convert it to 13-HODE (a molecule called 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid). While exposed to light, however, melatonin levels are extremely low, and tumors are no longer protected by melatonin from the tumor-stimulating action of linoleic acid. In other words, exposure to artificial light when it is naturally dark, scrambles the molecular clocks in our brains. Light presented during the night will immediately turn off melatonin production and thus support tumor growth. |
Ray D. Strand
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 The two most important essential fatty acids are omega-3 fatty acids, called alpha-linoleic acid, and omega-6 fatty acids, called just linoleic acid. Our bodies turn omega-3 fatty acids into prostaglandins that are primarily anti-inflammatories. Omega-6 fatty acids become prostaglandins that are primarily inflammatories.
The generally accepted optimal ratio of dietary intake of omega-6 fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids is 4:1. This means we should take in four times as much of omega-6 as we do omega-3. |
Dr Ron Roberts
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 Most vegetable oils contain linoleic acid, which the body has to convert into GLA before use,- some people who are atopic may be unable to convert linoleic acid into GLA. They are thought to be deficient in a particular enzyme that is needed for the conversion process.
GLA is used by the body to produce a hormone-like antiinflammatory substance—a prostaglandin—which is capable of stimulating particular cells in the immune system. It is believed that asthma sufferers have stressed immune responses, which may be helped by GLA. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): 3.4 g (again, check the percentage: if the pill is 80 percent CLA, you'll need about four pills a day)
EGCG (green tea extract): 270 mg per day and/or green tea, three cups a day (let it steep 3-5 minutes or more)
Chromium picolinate or chromium nicotinate (ChromeMate): 1,000 meg (Jonathan Wright, M.D. |
| Clearogen contains high concentrations of the active ingredients in the saw palmetto plant— specifically, beta-sitosterol, phytol, and ethyl laurate—added to a formula that also contains omega-3s (alpha linolenic acid), omega-6s (gamma linolenic acid and linoleic acid), and omega-9s (oleic acid). The omegas help block the conversion, plus they act as powerful antiinflammatories. To top it off, Clearogen is administered topically. "Orally, you would need very high amounts of these ingredients," Khadavi told me. |
Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D.
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 Saturated or linoleic acid Lmolemc Acid
HOp Trans-Fats HO O Om.ega-6 HO O Omega.-3 zo c' V H-c''H 19 i.JL.i
Major Ager
Neurotransmitter Imbalance
How the Chemical Message System m Your Brain Can Age You
All of us get messages on the phone and computer. Some of us get messages in bottles. And the lucky ones get messages on steamed-up bathroom mirrors telling them that someone's waiting for them in the bedroom.
In a society that sends and receives messages at an Indy 500 pace, we're all well aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the communication process. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia. ProstaglMed; 6:375-379. 1981 van der Merwe CF, Booyens J, Joubert HF et al. The effect of gamma-linolenic acid, an in vitro cytostatic substance contained in evening Primrose oil, on primary liver cancer: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids; 40(3): 199-202. 1990
Viikari J & Lehtonen A. Effect of Primrose oil on serum lipids and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol; 24(12):668-670. |
Laurie Deutsch Mozian, M.S., R.D.
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 They are sources of linoleic acid. Omega-6 fatty acids include cis-linoleic acid, linoleic acid, and gamma-linoleic acid. They are metabolized by the body to form anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, including prostaglandin PGl, which is a weak enhancer of the immune system; although they also can be metabolized into harmful chemicals such as arachidonic acid, which synthesizes prostaglandin PG2, a strong suppressor of the immune system. Prostaglandin PG2 is found at the site of malignant cancer.
Phenols
Phenols are a class of phytochemicals that induce the phase II enzyme system. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| Inhibition of linoleic acid hydroperoxide-induced toxicity in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells by catechins. Chemi Biol Interact; 114:109-119. 1998.
Kannar ML, Wahlqvist ML & O'Brien RC. Inhibition of LDL-oxidation by Green Tea extract. Lancet; 349:360-361. 1997.
Kao YH, Hiipakka RA & Liao S. Modulation of endocrine systems and food intake by Green Tea epigallocatechin gallate. Endocrinology; 141(3):980-987. 2000.
Kennedy DO, Nishimura S, Hasuma T et al. |
Marshall Editions
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 Take 3-4 g a day of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which has been shown to reduce body fat and change body composition in general. Chromium, taken at 500 meg twice a day, helps to relieve cravings for sweet foods and stabilizes blood sugar. Take 100-300 mg of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) three times a day to increase feelings of fullness and decreases carbohydrate cravings. However, do not use this supplement if you are taking antidepressants or medication for anxiety. Pyruvate has shown to help some with weight loss when combined with exercise and a low-fat diet; take 20-40 g daily. |
Andreas Moritz
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| What Really Burns and Damages the Skin
A person who consumes polyunsaturated fats in his diet and exposes his skin to ultraviolet light to the point of reddening produces hormone-like substances called prostaglandins from the linoleic acid contained in the fats. Prostraglandins suppress the immune system, thereby contributing to tumor growth. In addition, polyunsaturated fats are accompanied by free radical production, which can damage cells. |
Ralph Golan, M.D.
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 As you can see in Figure 3-1, unaltered linoleic acid (LA) can be converted to both favorable (PGE-1) and unfavorable (PGE-2) prostaglandin hormones. Too much linoleic acid can contribute to too much prostaglandin E-2, which can cause inflammation, blood clots, autoimmune problems, and other conditions. Avoid daily use of safflower and sunflower oils, which are rich in linoleic acid, or even corn oil, which is 59 percent linoleic acid. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 It contains enzymes and vitamins that do not normally appear in plants, like all eight essential amino acids and one of the essential fatty acids, linoleic acid. The caps contain more nutrients than the stems.
This superstar mushroom contains a particular chemical component especially worth noting: lenti-nan, which is approved as an injectable drug in Japan and usually used to prolong survival of patients in cancer therapy. It doesn't actually work directly against cancer, but it is believed to help prevent some of the damage that results from anticancer drugs. |
Elaine Magee
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 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). While the relationship between higher-fat diets and breast cancer may still be in question, the association between fat and other cancers remains fairly strong. The ACS states that high-fat diets are associated with an increased risk of colon, rectal, prostate, and endometrial cancer and that the consumption of meat, especially red meat, has been linked to colon and prostate cancer as well. Saturated fat specifically has been found to promote cancer development in laboratory studies. |
Marshall Editions
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| This oil contains the essential fatty acids omega-6 linoleic acid and the more rare omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid. These two fatty acids, which the body cannot manufacture itself, are needed to prevent hormone imbalances, thus reducing the risk of mastitis. Cold-water fish (such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, and halibut) also contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Add at least two to three cloves of raw garlic a day to meals. It acts as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, and does not cause the side effects that orthodox antibiotics do, such as yeast infections or thrush. |
Michael Pollan
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 Nine percent of the calories in the American diet today come from a single omega-6 fatty acid: linoleic acid, most of it from soybean oil. Some nutrition experts think that this is fine: Omega-6s, after all, are essential fatty acids too, and their rise to dietary prominence has pushed out saturated fats, usually thought to be a positive development. But others strongly disagree, contending that the unprecedented proportion of omega-6s in the Western diet is contributing to the full range of disorders involving inflammation. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| COMPOUNDS
Fatty oil: chief fatty acids oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid (tocopherols, vitamin E)
EFFECTS
Avocado oil is an emollient, which improves rough ichtyotic skin. indications and usage
Avocado is a main ingredient in lines of "natural" cosmetics. precautions and adverse reactions
No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. dosage
Mode of Administration: As an active or inactive ingredient in various preparations (bath oils, ointments, etc.). |
Dr. Steven R. Gundry
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 Purslane, a common weed that you probably pull out of your garden and throw on the compost heap, has the highest concentration of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha linolenic acid (ALA)-not to be confused with the omega-6 fat alpha linoleic acid. Don't you just love how we scientists make this confusing?
Linolenic acid is also present in high amounts in walnuts and flaxseeds and their oil, as well as in canola oil, derived from rapeseed, and from hemp seeds-yes, that cousin of marijuana-and their oil. I call these nut- and seed-based fats "brown," as distinct from "green" oils. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
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 For example, increasing linoleic acid in the diet significantly reduces calcium in the stool, indicating that omega-6 EFAs stimulate calcium absorption.51 Calcium absorption will also significantly increase when the diet is supplemented with fish oil, evening primrose oil, a mixture of both, or sunflower oil daily.52
Animal studies have revealed many mechanisms related to EFAs and calcium absorption. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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| Other Names: Muskseed, Ambrette Seed, Abelmosk, Am-bretta, Egyptian Alcee, Target-leaved Hibiscus, Okra
ACTION AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Fatty oil and chief fatty acids: palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid
Volatile oil: ambrette oil, chief components farnesylacetate, macrocyclic lactones as carriers of the musk smell such as hexadec-7-en-16-olide (ambrettolide), tetradec-5-en-14-olide
Sterols: including beta-sitosterin, beta-sitosterin-beta-D-glucoside
EFFECTS
Muskmallow is said to be an aromatic, stimulant and carminative. Efficacy has not been proven. |
| Other Names: Nikkar Nuts, Nichol Seeds
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Fatty oil: chief fatty acids are linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid
Proteins
Starch
Diterpenes: including, among others, alpha-, beta-, gamma-, eta-caesalpine
Saponins
EFFECTS
Divi-Divi is a febrifuge and tonic.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Febrile illnesses. The roasted seeds are also used in the treatment of diabetes.
PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. |
| COMPOUNDS: CARTHAMI OLEUM
Fatty oil: chief fatty acids linoleic acid (55-88%), linolenic acid
Carotinoids
EFFECTS: CARTHAMI OLEUM
Safflower oil lowers the serum cholesterol levels.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
CARTHAMIFLOS
In folk medicine, it is mainly used as a stimulant, purgative, antihydrotic, emmenagogue, abortifacient, expectorant, pneumonic, and for tumors. In China, it is given to women for hyperemia. It is also added to teas, which soothe coughs and bronchial conditions.
CARTHAMIOLEUM
Safflower oil is used for the prophylaxis of arteriosclerosis. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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| The one single exception is the trans fat CLA, or conjugated linoleic acid, which is found naturally in grass-fed dairy and meat and is not man-made.)
• Monounsaturated fat—found in nuts and olive oil—is good stuff and heart healthy.
• Polyunsaturated fats come in two "flavors": omega-6s and omega-3s. While there are some health benefits to omega-6s, we get too many omega-6s and not enough omega-3s.
There are three different omega-3 fats: One of them is found in flaxseed and is called ALA (alpha-linolenic acid). |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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| Other Names: Corona Solis, Marigold of Peru
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS: HELIANTHI ANNUI OLEUM
Triglycerides: chief fatty acids linoleic acid (35-62%), oleic acid (25-42%), palmitic acid (4-7%)
Sterols: including campesterol, cholesterol, beta-sitosterol
EFFECTS: HELIANTHI ANNUI OLEUM
Useful as a dietary supplement
COMPOUNDS: HELIANTHI TUBEROSI TINCTURA
Polysaccharides: in particular inulin (fructosan) Diterpene acids
Volatile oil: including some containing beta-bisabolen
EFFECTS: HELIANTHI TUBEROSI TINCTURA
No information is available. |
| Other Names: Jambul, Jamum, Java Plum, Rose Apple
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS: SYZYGII CUMINI SEMEN
Fatty oil (3-5%): besides oleic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid, epoxy fatty acid
Tannins (6%): including, among others, corilagin, 3,3'-Di-O-methyl ellagic acid, galloylglucose
EFFECTS: SYZYGII CUMINI SEMEN
Anti-inflammatory actions were demonstrated in animal experiments. Results of hypoglycemic and CNS experiments were not verifiable. |
| Other Names: Fever Plant, King's Cureall, Night Willow-herb, Scabish, Sun Drop
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Fatty oil: chief fatty acids linoleic acid (65-80%), gamma-linolenic acid (8-14%), oleic acid (6-11%), palmitic acid (7-10%)
EFFECTS
Anti-arteriosclerotic. In cases of atopic eczema, it compensates for the lack of gamma-linolenic acid.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Evening Primrose Oil is used for neurodermatitis, premenstrual syndrome and as a dietary aid. Capsules containing 0. |
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