J. Douglas Bremner
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 Those dealing with type 1 diabetes treat it with insulin therapy, meal planning (carbohydrates need to be carefully balanced), regular exercise (because activity lowers the amount of sugar in the blood), and careful monitoring of overall health. This last because diabetes alters the body's immune system and decreases the body's ability to fight infection. Foot injuries in particular have to be watched, since diabetes causes damage to the blood vessels and nerves that can decrease a person's ability to sense trauma to or pressure on the foot. |
Too Profitable to CureBrent Hoadley, Ph.D.
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| In Clinical Diabetes (2001)12 he reported that at a meeting of over 100 endocrinologists, fewer than ten admitted they had recent formal training in insulin therapy. He also stated that a 2-year fellowship program for a young endocrinologist did not include the treatment of a single diabetic patient. These kinds of reports indicate diabetics are often providing initial "real world, hands-on" experience/training for the doctor. Diabetes is the most mismanaged disease in the medical community. Do you see that the "practice of medicine" is truly no misnomer? |
| Approximately 10% of patients undergoing conventional insulin therapy suffer at least one episode of severe hypoglycemia in a given year, i.e., requiring assistance from others, including hyperglycemic treatment, such as glucose or glucagon administration, and episodes with seizure or loss of consciousness, in a given year. The yearly incidence of severe hypoglycemic episodes rises to about 25% among patients undergoing intensive therapy.4
The brain has only an extremely limited ability to store carbohydrate and is almost entirely dependent on glucose as its source of energy. |
Hyla Cass, M.D.
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 Even if you require insulin therapy, don't give up on weight loss, a healthful diet, supplements, and exercise. These measures are every bit as important to your health as they are to the person who is prediabetic, and you are much less likely to develop the devastating complications of diabetes. Don't believe for a minute that "it's OK to cheat, I'll just increase my insulin." Any responsible doctor will tell you that you'll be digging your own grave, one cookie at a time. |
Charles Barber
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 In 1933, the psychiatrist Manfred Sakel of Vienna famously induced hypoglycemia in patients via the injection of insulin, thereby putting his patients into an insulin coma. insulin therapy, as it was known, was considered state-of-the art treatment and written up in textbooks. One commentator wrote in 1939: "every self-respecting go-ahead hospital had its insulin unit."12
Not to mention the lobotomy, which was invented by the Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz on November 12, 1935, when he performed the first what he called a "leucotomy," or "white cut. |
Too Profitable to CureBrent Hoadley, Ph.D.
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| Aventis, a much smaller insulin producer, indicated in a press release that human insulin therapy could be associated with lipodystrophy, other reactions (such as injection site reactions, pruritis, and rash), allergic reaction, sodium retention, and edema.
Comparison of Insulins
In summary, an application to include Semilente Insulin into the Model List of Essential Medicines (18.5) presented by Teuscher, Maurer, Hirst and Lorenz, offers a list of safety comparisons:28
1. |
| Hypoglycemia (typically characterized by a blood-glucose level below 60 mg/dL) is the major adverse effect of insulin therapy. [It] is by far the most serious and common adverse reaction to the administration of insulin, and can results in substantial morbidity and even death. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia is experienced at some time by virtually all Type 1 diabetics and is reported (my emphasis) to account for about 3 to 7% of deaths in patients with Type 1 diabetes. |
| Hirsch further stated that insulin therapy is more complicated than most other treatments in medicine. Education is essential (for both doctor and patient). As new therapies are developed, doctors must, but often do not, stay abreast of the body of research that surrounds such therapies. For example, Lantus (glargine) was developed as a basal insulin. It should not be used to cover the prandial (after meal) needs of Type 2 diabetics. Yet, it is often so prescribed. Bad medicine? Callous disregard for patient welfare? Or criminal action warranting legal consequences? |
Steven V. Joyal
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 Mayfield JA, White RD. insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes: Rescue, augmentation and replacement of beta-cell function. Am Fam Physician 2004; 70:E489-500.
Miyata T et al. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and angio-tensin-converting enzyme inhibitors lower in vitro the formation of advanced glycation end products: Biochemical mechanisms. / Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:2478-87.
Nangaku M et al. Anti-hypertensive agents inhibit in vivo the formation of advanced glycation end producrs and improve renal damage in a type 2 diabetic nephropathy rat model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:1212-22. |
Too Profitable to CureBrent Hoadley, Ph.D.
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| Insulin Forum Switzerland (2000), reported that Aventis Pharmaceuticals and Novo Nordisk admitted that "human" insulin therapy may cause serious adverse reactions.11 Again, patient anecdotal evidence supports this result and conclusion.
In a Diabetes Care 1999 article,12 the authors explain that nocturnal hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia unawareness, and aging provide a recipe for sudden death. The pharmaceuticals in this case blamed the results on aging and patient stupidity, while anecdotal evidence points to human insulin. |
Michael T. Murray and Michael R. Lyon
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 While in type 1 diabetes there is insufficient insulin production, requiring daily insulin therapy, in type 2 diabetes insulin levels are typically initially elevated, indicating a loss of sensitivity to insulin by the cells of the body. With the Hunger Free Forever program we help to restore insulin sensitivity, thereby potentially reversing the signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
ARE YOU A DIABETIC IN TRAINING? |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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 Remember that for optimal management of plasma glucose, people with type 2 diabetes may require insulin therapy. Nutrition issues for people with gestational diabetes are discussed in Chapter 33 in this volume. Throughout the discussion of energy and nutrient intake, the focus is to achieve the goals of medical nutrition therapy of persons with diabetes. |
| The American Diabetes Association recommends the initiation of insulin therapy when unable to maintain a fasting blood glucose level of 105 mg/dl (5.8 mmol/liter), a 1-hour postprandial glucose level at or below 155 mg/dl (8.6 mmol/ liter), or a 2-hour postprandial glucose level at or below 130mg/dl (7.2 mmol/liter) [10]. The amount of insulin to be administered for GDM in the first trimester is 0.6 to 0.8 U/kg body weight; in the second trimester the insulin requirement is 1.0 U/kg body weight; and in the third trimester, the requirement is 1.2 U/kg body weight [62]. |
Mark Sircus
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 The major treatment of this condition is initial rehydration (using isotonic saline) with subsequent potassium replacement and low-dose insulin therapy. The use of bicarbonate is not recommended in most patients. Cerebral edema, one of the most dire complications of diabetic ketoacidosis, occurs more commonly in children and adolescents than in adults. Continuous follow-up of patients using treatment algorithms and flow sheets can help to minimize adverse outcomes. Preventive measures include patient education and instructions for the patient to contact the physician early during an illness. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| Even so, intensive insulin therapy did not prevent the occurrence of DR in all individuals and was often associated with increased bouts of hypoglycemia [245, 246]. Other risk factors for DR are duration of diabetes [248], hypertension [249], and elevated serum cholesterol or triglycerides [250-252]. Because DR is not 100% preventable or curable [253], there is still a need to continue to investigate possible preventive measures for its incidence and progression.
Nutrition may also have a significant affect on DR, and its role has been relatively unexplored (summarized in Table 3). |
| Once diabetes is diagnosed, time continues to be a factor as beta-cell exhaustion progresses (in type 2) and eventually necessitates the use of insulin secretagogues or exogenous insulin therapy. Early detection followed by early intervention might slow this progress and reduce complications [4]. Reduced energy intake, moderate weight loss, and moderate activity reduce the incidence of diabetes in those with impaired fasting glucose (100-125 mg/dl) [9-11]. Glycemic improvement, as a result of energy restriction, is due to the combined effects of reduced energy and carbohydrate intake. |
| Results from the Finnish Multicenter insulin therapy Study, in which 100 insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients were followed for 12 months, showed that good glycemic control started to deteriorate after 3 months and more so in the obese subjects, the latter being attributed to their greater insulin resistance. Glycemic control was best achieved in the nonobese subjects whether with insulin alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents. However, the combination therapy was associated with less weight gain [181]. |
Hyla Cass
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| Even if you require insulin therapy, don't give up on weight loss, a healthful diet, supplements, and exercise. These measures are every bit as important to your health as they are to the person who is prediabetic, and you are much less likely to develop the devastating complications of diabetes. Don't believe for a minute that "it's OK to cheat, I'll just increase my insulin." Any responsible doctor will tell you that you'll be digging your own grave, one cookie at a time. |
Gabriel Cousens
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 For diabetics using insulin, the use of insulin therapy causes the loss of potassium. High potassium reduces the risk of heart disease, and lowers high blood pressure. A number of studies indicate that groups with relatively high dietary potassium intakes have lower blood pressures than comparable groups with relatively low potassium intakes.153 Data on more than 17,000 adults who participated in the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) indicated that higher dietary potassium intakes were associated with significantly lower blood pressures. |
Dr. Timothy Scott
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 Sakel's published comments led to the growth of insulin therapy across the nation. Both medical journals and the lay press declared insulin therapy a wonder cure.
I have witnessed the results of low blood sugar in my diabetic wife many times. On one occasion she was at the kitchen sink when she suddenly froze. She was trying to pour a glass of orange juice to counteract her dropping blood sugar but dropped the glass in her hands and lost awareness. Fortunately I was nearby and was able to cany her to the living room before she fell to the floor. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| Effect of obesity on the response to insulin therapy in noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82, 4037^1043.
182. (1993). The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 977-986.
183. Harris, M. I., Eastman, R. C, Cowie, C. C, Flegal, K. M., and Eberhardt, M. S. (1999). Racial and ethnic differences in glycemic control of adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 22, 403-408.
184. |
Michael Friedman, ND
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 But in the growth onset type of diabetes, insulin therapy has to be adopted from the very beginning.
References
1. Stern MP, Gaskill SP, Hazude HP, Gardner LI, and Hoffner SM. Does obesity explain excess prevalence of diabetes among Mexican Americans? Result of the San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetologia 1983;24:272-77.
2. Lytt L, et al. Prevalence of diabetes in Mexican Americans; relationship to percent of gene pool derived from native American sources. Diabetes 1984;33:86-92.
3. RelethfordJH and Lees FC. |
Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D.
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 A controlled trial found no beneficial effect of niacinamide supplementation (700 mg three times per day in addition to intensive insulin therapy) on pancreatic function and glucose tolerance in people newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.209
Some,210 but not all,211 teports suggest that healthy children at high risk for type 1 diabetes (such as the healthy siblings of children with type 1 diabetes) may be protected from the disease by supplementing with niacinamide. |
Jonathan V. Wright, M.D. and Alan R. Gaby, M.D.
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 In one human study, 7 insulin-dependent diabetics were removed from insulin therapy and treated with biotin (16 mg per day) or a placebo for 1 week. Fasting blood-glucose levels rose significantly in patients given the placebo, but decreased significantly in those treated with biotin.10 In another study, serum biotin levels were significantly lower in 43 patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes than in healthy individuals. Eighteen diabetics were given 9 mg of biotin per day for 1 month, along with an antibiotic that prevents biotin from being degraded by intestinal bacteria. |
Dr. Timothy Scott
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| However, another shock therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is more likely to be in their knowledge base. Insulin therapy's convulsions were believed to be so effective in restoring good mental health that any means of inducing convulsions was likely to be explored.
An Italian neuropathologist and psychiatrist, Ugo Cerletti, is generally credited with the development of electroconvulsive therapy.46 Cerletti and his assistant, Lucio Bini, experimented with dogs to determine the voltage needed to induce convulsions. |
Michael Friedman, ND
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| Fasting glucose level on insulin therapy was between 150 and 160 mg/dl (8.3 -8.8 mmol/1). Fasting glucose after three months on the herbal formula was (7.4 mmol/1) 133 mg/dl.
Patient #10
Condition: Subclinical Hypoglycemia Onset of Subclinical Hypoglycemia: 10 years Pharmacological Agents: None Natural Medicine: Jambul combo 3 pills t.i.d. Fasting Blood Sugar and Other Indications: After 3 weeks of taking jambul combo, the patient did not need to eat as often, did not feel jittery when missing a meal, and noticed an overall improvement in how she felt. |
| In the early stage, the patient may be insulin independent,4 responding well with known hypoglycemic agents, but at later stage, the same patient cannot be managed without insulin therapy as he becomes insulin dependent. Thus, there is a scope of several types of drugs for different types of diabetes mellitus patients and in different stages of progression. Hence, there is a wide scope to develop new hypoglycemic drugs and to find out their modes of action, so that it may be categorized for specific uses. |
| The patients were taken off their insulin therapy and were put on placebo and dietary therapy for about a week or 10 days. The fasting and 2 hours postprandial blood sugar values as well as plasma neurohormones were estimated. The patients were then categorized in three groups (Group I, II, and III), consisting of 10 patients in each. |
Dr. Timothy Scott
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| He hailed Sakel's work as "a milestone in the advancement of psychiatry" and then declared,
It is an eloquent testimony to the genius of its discoverer that throughout the period since its inception, the administrators of the Psychiatric Clinic of Vienna have not deemed it necessary to deviate from the classical procedure of insulin therapy as outlined by Dr. Sakel, in any essential. |
Michael Friedman, ND
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| A study was conducted on both Type I and II diabetics given a standardized gymnema extract, from the leaves, for a period of 2 years: 27 patients with IDDM who were on insulin therapy were administered 400 mg/day of gymnema for 6 to 30 months. Insulin requirements were decreased by about one-half and the average blood glucose decreased from 232 mg/dL to 152 mg/dL Glycosylated plasma protein levels also decreased. Gymnema appeared to enhance endogenous insulin by regeneration of the residual beta cells in IDDM. |
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