Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts |
Bacterial fermentation is the only source of hydrogen gas in the body. A portion of the hydrogen gas produced in the colon diffuses into the blood, with ultimate pulmonary excretion [44]. The hydrogen breath test is widely used because it is noninvasive and easy to perform. Typically, a subject is given an oral dose of lactose following an overnight (>12 hours) fast. Breath samples are collected at regular intervals for a period of 3-8 hours. In early studies, 50 g of lactose was used as a challenge dose. |
Bottom Line Health See book keywords and concepts |
| The vegetable oil is then subjected to hydrogen gas in a high-pressure, high-temperature reactor. After that, deodorizing agents and bleaches are added.
This hydrogenation process not only creates a cheaper, cleaner-smelling, longer-lasting alternative to lard, butter and beef fat, it also changes the molecular configuration of the oil, resulting in a substance that bears no nutritional resemblance to the healthful vegetable oil from which it was derived.
Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil has become the primary fat used in food manufacturing in the US. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts |
A portion of the hydrogen gas produced in the colon diffuses into the blood, with ultimate pulmonary excretion [44]. The hydrogen breath test is widely used because it is noninvasive and easy to perform. Typically, a subject is given an oral dose of lactose following an overnight (>12 hours) fast. Breath samples are collected at regular intervals for a period of 3-8 hours. In early studies, 50 g of lactose was used as a challenge dose. |
| Because hydrogen gas is an end product of fermentation, it might be expected that the increased ability to ferment lactose would result in an increase, rather than the observed decrease, in breath hydrogen. However, breath hydrogen excretion represents the net of bacterial hydrogen production and consumption in the colon [49]. A decrease in net production of hydrogen could result from either decreased bacterial production or increased consumption. To examine the mechanism for decreased breath hydrogen after lactose adaptation, Hertzler etal. |
Devra Davis See book keywords and concepts |
Today, most benzene is reformulated by cooking petroleum hydrocarbons with hydrogen gas under pressure. Between 1919 and 1940, at least thirty-three publications advised replacing benzene with safer solvents. Many were issued by the National Safety Council and Dr. Hamilton.
In 1948, the American Standards Association, a group of industry experts, maintained that a person could safely be subjected to 100 ppm of benzene over an eight-hour work period. It's not clear where they got this notion. But it is clear that it made no sense even at the time. |
Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts |
Finally there is the breath test, where you are given a lactose solution to drink and the doctor analyzes your breath for hydrogen gas, which is only present if the lactose is fermented.
SYMPTOMS
TREATMENT GOAL
• Rumbling stomach
• Abdominal bloating
• Gas
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pains
• Nausea
Lactose intolerance is a harmless condition. Those with mild symptoms may feel better after reducing the amount of dairy products in their diet. For those with severe symptoms, treatment includes maintaining a lactose-free diet to eliminate the occurrence of symptoms. |
Craig Pepin-Donat See book keywords and concepts |
Trans fats are created through a man-made process called "hydrogenation" by heating vegetable oil with hydrogen gas and certain metals to create a more solid form of fat. The process was designed for the purpose of food preservation in baked goods, to give cooking oils a longer life and to improve the texture of foods containing the product. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger See article keywords and concepts |
And you do it by bubbling hydrogen gas through liquid soybean oil or other types of oils, using a catalyst (in most cases the catalyst is nickel). So with this nickel and the bubbling of hydrogen gas, you get extra hydrogen atoms attached to the molecules in oil, which makes them solid at room temperature. Since they are solid at room temperature, they can be more easily used to make margarine products, or used in crackers and cookies. And all of this, again, is for the convenience of the food manufacturing companies. |
Alex Steffen See book keywords and concepts |
The process works in the lab, and it does not require a genetically altered organism — the scientists identified a certain common green alga (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) that excretes hydrogen gas under certain conditions. They describe the alga's hydrogen-making capacity as a "molecular switch" they can turn on or off.
Professor Tasios Metis of UC Berkeley said in a university press release that the discovery is "the equivalent of striking oil," but qualified his statement by adding that the process is still in the lab. |
Mike Adams See book keywords and concepts |
The greygloop is poured into another vat, metal shavings are clunked in before it, then the vat is screwed shut and high-pressure hydrogen gas is sprayed in. The fats are boiled and compressed in there, they react with the nickel and hydrogen, and when finally the ordeal is over and the top taken off, the lumps are gone.
There's more. Beef dripping, lard and herring fat don't cost very much, but if at this stage they could be diluted with something even cheaper, even more easy to get in quantity than pig's fat, then the cost of producing the margarine would drop even lower. |
Bryan Hanson, PhD See book keywords and concepts |
For instance, the reaction of hydrogen gas with oxygen gas is energetically extremely favorable, and when most people hear this they assume a reaction occurs. However, you can mix hydrogen and oxygen gas in a balloon and they will do absolutely nothing for eternity. That is, unless you put a match to them. By introducing a flame, you add kinetic energy (motion related to heat) to a few molecules, which suddenly become energetic and react. Once a few molecules react, the energy given off turns around and energizes any remaining molecules to react. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger See article keywords and concepts |
So with this nickel and the bubbling of hydrogen gas, you get extra hydrogen atoms attached to the molecules in oil, which makes them solid at room temperature. Since they are solid at room temperature, they can be more easily used to make margarine products, or used in crackers and cookies. And all of this, again, is for the convenience of the food manufacturing companies.
Food manufactures don't care what happens to your health, their job is just to sell food products. If you have a health problem as a result, that's your problem, not theirs. |
Mike Adams See book keywords and concepts |
It is hydrogenated oil, which means that hydrogen gas is bubbled through a tank of liquid polyunsaturated oil in the presence of nickel. The process turns cheap polyunsaturated fats such as corn or safflower oil into saturated fats. So when you think you are getting a polyunsaturated fat in your margarine, you are actually getting the very saturated fats the margarine sellers claim they are helping you avoid. |
| They then add a nickel catalyst to the heated fat and pump hydrogen gas into the mixture. What comes out the other end of this process called partial hydrogenation is a trans fatty acid, a fat that looks like a natural fat but doesn't act like one.
- Michael Eades, M.D., and Mary Dan Eades, M.D., The Protein Power Lifeplan
If hydrogenated oils are so dangerous to human health, then why do food manufacturers use them? The answer, as always, is found in the economics of food production and storage. |
| The process of hydrogenation is accomplished by bubbling hydrogen gas through oil, which produces trans-fatty acids. Recent human studies indicate that consumption of trans-fatty acids in margarine and shortenings may contribute to higher rates of cancer and heart disease. Food makers add these to improve the creaminess of a product, and to extend its shelf life. Be wary since food labels do not include the amount of trans-fatty acids.
- J. Robert Hatherill, Ph.D. |
Alex Steffen See book keywords and concepts |
The technology roadmaps of today point toward electrification of our vehicles as the answer; hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles would use onboard fuel cells to generate electricity from hydrogen gas, a renewable energy source.
Hydrogen cars, and an entire economy based on hydrogen-generated energy, sound great in concept. In reality, hydrogen vehicles carry a long list of unknowns. Foremost are the cost and performance of the hydrogen fuel cells themselves. Currently, hydrogen fuel cells require complex manual assembly, and therefore production is slow and costly. |
Joseph E. Mario See book keywords and concepts |
As a powderabsorbs 800times its volume of hydrogen gas.
•PLATINUM Similar to Gold. Platinum family metals are Iridium, Osmium, Palladium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium.
•PRASEODYMIUM (Pr) Atomic #59. A metallic element from rare earth; enhances cell growth, doubles lifespan in lab animals.
•RHENIUM (Re) Atomic #75. A metal similar to Manganese.
•RUBIDIUM (Rb) Atomic #37. Similarto Potassium; never found free in nature; reacts violently in water, and bums spontaneously in air. A deficiency may result in anorexia nervosa; and nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy.
•RUTHENIUM (Ru) Atomic #44. |
Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN See book keywords and concepts |
It is mixed with a catalyst—usually nickel oxide—then blasted with hydrogen gas in a reactor under conditions of intense pressure and temperatures as high as 400 degrees F. Although this changes the oil into the desired solid or partially solid state, the lumpy consistency, foul smell and dirty-gray appearance require further processing. Accordingly, soap-like emulsifiers and starch are mixed in, followed by a high temperature steam cleaning, bleaching, dyeing and flavoring. The spanking fresh product is then compressed into the sticks, bars or tubs that will be sold at the market. |
Brian O'Leary See book keywords and concepts |
Free (or new) energy would cause one of the most extraordinary revolutions in the history of technology (examples include special electromagnetic devices, cold fusion, and hydrogen gas cells). The potential for free energy needs to be debated widely and openly about its great benefits as well as its possible abuse in the wrong hands. Attempts to bring free energy into the world have been thwarted at every turn, because this would spell the end of the energy cartel. As scientist-inventor Dr. |
Ray Strand, M.D. See book keywords and concepts |
To hydrogenate oils, manufacturers heat the oils to high temperatures under pressure with hydrogen gas, but the process is stopped before it is completed. This abbreviated process provides a mixture of both saturated and polyunsaturated fats, with a high concentration of trans-fatty acids. When you look at food labels you will be amazed how many processed foods are made of partially hydrogenated fats. I recommend avoiding these kinds of fats altogether.
Monosaturated fats. We consider these healthy fats because they actually help lower LDL cholesterol while maintaining HDL cholesterol levels. |
Walter Last See book keywords and concepts |
At the same time, an abundance of electrons in the alkaline water leads to the formation of hydrogen gas and negative hydrogen ions, while oxygen and active oxidizing species are formed in the acid water.
In through-flow ionizers, the amount of reducing activity in the alkaline water depends mainly on the mineral content of the water, the flow rate, and the current flow or ionizer setting. With batch ionizers, it depends on the voltage of the power source, the size of the electrodes and distance from each other, the mineral content of the water, and the duration of ionizing. |
Alex Steffen See book keywords and concepts |
Melis said.
Before the process is scaled up to industrial levels, the scientists want to improve its efficiency—the algae need to get at least five times better at producing hydrogen to be competitive with fossil fuels.
There may be another interesting use for algae: getting the critters to eat carbon dioxide
(the greenhouse gas emitted when we burn fossil fuels like coal and oil) and then turning them into biofuels. Chemical engineer Isaac Berzin has developed a method of capturing the carbon dioxide from smokestack emissions using algae. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik See book keywords and concepts |
One of the metabolites of lactulose is hydrogen gas. Hypothetically, this represents a potential hazard for those using lactulose who may be required to undergo electrocautery procedures during proctoscopy or colonoscopy. Accumulation of hydrogen gas in significant amounts in the presence of an electric spark may result in an explosion. Therefore, those undergoing these procedures should stop lactulose intake at least a week before the procedure.
Pregnant women and nursing mothers should avoid lactulose.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Laxative doses are typically 20 to 40 grams daily. |
David Bodanis See book keywords and concepts |
The grey gloop is poured into another vat, metal shavings are clunked in before it, then the vat is screwed shut and high-pressure hydrogen gas is sprayed in. The fats are boiled and compressed in there, they react with the nickel and hydrogen, and when finally the ordeal is over and the top taken off, the lumps are gone, squeezed clear out in all the ruckus.
There's more. |
Brian O'Leary See book keywords and concepts |
Funded at over a billion dollars a year for two decades, their attempts to confine a hot hydrogen gas for long enough to trigger nuclear reactions have met with total disappointment. Energy "breakeven", in which the reactions sustain themselves, remains elusive to this day. This has caused much frustration of those so long vested in the success of this effort. Funding is dropping and prospects look gloomy. |
| In 1996, Mills founded BlackLight Power, Incorporated, called such because of the large ultraviolet emissions from his hydrogen gas and plasma. The company opened its new headquarters near Princeton, New Jersey in 1999. I often wonder what my former colleagues in the Princeton University physics department think of Mills' radical technology, how they might feel when they drive by his 53,000 square foot building, or how they might interact with any of his full time staff of thirty-five people. |
| For example, hydrogen gas can be produced on demand by combining alkaline metal emulsions with water. 21 It could also come from solid metal hydrides.22
Perhaps no individual has had more practical experience with hydrogen than Dr. Roger Billings. 22 As a precocious child in Utah, he began experimenting with hydrogen motors in school science projects during the 1960s. He has since built over twenty hydrogen vehicles and a home hydrogen heating, cooling and cooking system. Billings tinkered with a wide variety of approaches. |
| I see also hydrogen coming from cold fusion and other devices that could produce the hydrogen from energy-efficient electrolysis to be used in fuel cells and hydrogen gas cells. Any seminar, conference or congress addressing the hydrogen question must look at these longer-term applications as well as the nearer-term transitional technologies. |
| First, we can tap the zero-point energy by accelerating charges—for example, with a rotating magnetic disk or a specially conditioned magnet or crystal, or perhaps a cold fusion device or hydrogen gas cell. Secondly, since mass is really only an electromagnetic force, then gravity itself must also be an electromagnetic force acting on it; otherwise things wouldn't fall. Therefore anti-gravity propulsion becomes possible. 'To reinterpret Einstein's equation E=mc2 ', Haisch et al write, 'we would say that mass is not equivalent to energy. |
Nontoxic, Natural and EarthwiseDebra Lynn Dadd See book keywords and concepts |
| Hydrogenation (bubbling hydrogen gas in the presence of nickel through a tank of liquid polyunsaturated oil) is used to solidify cheap liquid vegetable fats such as corn oil and safflower oil into products such as margarine. The process turns these polyunsaturated fats into saturated fats. So when you think you are getting a polyunsaturated fat in your margarine, you are actually getting the very saturated fats the margarine sellers claim they are helping you avoid.
The debate about saturated versus unsaturated fats is a heated one. |