Russell L. Blaylock, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | If we examine the incidence of goiter (hypothyroidism) in different areas of the world based on water fluoride content, we see some remarkable parallels. For example, India has a very high incidence of goiter and a very high incidence of fluorosis (though, as I discussed above, fluoride occurs naturally in that country's water supplies). Belgium, on the other hand, has a moderately low incidence of both fluorosis and goiter. In China, we see the same pattern: very high fluoride levels accompanied by a very high incidence of goiter. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Adding iodine to table salt began in Michigan, where, in 1924, the goiter rate was an incredible 47 percent.
Few people in the United States are now considered iodine-deficient, yet the rate of goiter is still relatively high (5 to 6 percent) in certain high-risk areas (the so-called goiter belt of the midwestern and Great Lakes states). The goiters in these populations are probably a result of the excessive ingestion of foods that block iodine utilization. These foods, known as goitrogens, include cabbage, cassava root, millet, mustard, peanuts, pine nuts, soybeans, and turnips. | | In all but 4 percent of these cases, the goiter is caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency is now quite rare in the United States and other industrialized countries, due to the addition of iodine to table salt. Adding iodine to table salt began in Michigan, where, in 1924, the goiter rate was an incredible 47 percent.
Few people in the United States are now considered iodine-deficient, yet the rate of goiter is still relatively high (5 to 6 percent) in certain high-risk areas (the so-called goiter belt of the midwestern and Great Lakes states). | Joan Liebmann-Smith, Ph. D., and Jacqueline Nardi Egan See book keywords and concepts | Hypothyroidism is easily treated, and sometimes, along with the goiter, it can even disappear on its own.
More commonly, however, a goiter is a sign of Graves' disease (see Chapter 2), an autoimmune hyperthyroid disorder. In spite of its name, Graves' disease is not normally a grave condition if treated. However, a person with Graves' disease (or any other type of hyperthyroidism) can develop thyrotoxicosis, very high levels of thyroid hormones. If left untreated, it can progress to a thyroid storm (aka thyrotoxic crisis), which can cause congestive heart failure and death. | Dr. Steve Blake See book keywords and concepts | In older children and adults, goiter may be reversed with adequate intake of iodine. The incidence of goiter is more common in adolescent girls. Children who are deficient in iodine have poorer school performance, more learning disabilities, and lower intelligence quotients than normal children. Childhood iodine deficiency can cause an average lowering of intelligence quotients by 13 points.
More severe iodine deficiency can result in hypothyroidism. | Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts | Soy-containing formulas were associated with goiter and hypothyroidism in infants in the 1960s until the addition of iodine to formulas. The relationship between Soy and goiter is well known in animals and appears to be related to iodine deficiency (Doerge & Sheehan, 2002). drug interactions
MODERATE RISK
Levothyroxine: Concurrent use of soy and levothyroxine may result in decreased effectiveness of levothyroxine. Clinical Management: Soy administered either as a supplement or as a dietary component may impair absorption of levothyroxine. | Joan Liebmann-Smith, Ph. D., and Jacqueline Nardi Egan See book keywords and concepts | More commonly, however, a goiter is a sign of Graves' disease (see Chapter 2), an autoimmune hyperthyroid disorder. In spite of its name, Graves' disease is not normally a grave condition if treated. However, a person with Graves' disease (or any other type of hyperthyroidism) can develop thyrotoxicosis, very high levels of thyroid hormones. If left untreated, it can progress to a thyroid storm (aka thyrotoxic crisis), which can cause congestive heart failure and death.
A goiter can also be your body's way of saying that you're eating too many foods known as goitrogens. | Russell L. Blaylock, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | For example, India has a very high incidence of goiter and a very high incidence of fluorosis (though, as I discussed above, fluoride occurs naturally in that country's water supplies). Belgium, on the other hand, has a moderately low incidence of both fluorosis and goiter. In China, we see the same pattern: very high fluoride levels accompanied by a very high incidence of goiter. This same pattern has held up in ten countries examined worldwide. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | A deficiency of iodine results in the development of an enlarged thyroid gland, commonly referred to as a goiter. When the iodine level in the diet and blood is low, it causes the cells of the thyroid gland to become quite large, and eventually the entire gland at the base of the neck swells.
Goiters are estimated to affect more than 200 million people the world over. In all but 4 percent of these cases, the goiter is caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency is now quite rare in the United States and other industrialized countries, due to the addition of iodine to table salt. | | Few people in the United States are now considered iodine-deficient, yet the rate of goiter is still relatively high (5 to 6 percent) in certain high-risk areas (the so-called goiter belt of the midwestern and Great Lakes states). The goiters in these populations are probably a result of the excessive ingestion of foods that block iodine utilization. These foods, known as goitrogens, include cabbage, cassava root, millet, mustard, peanuts, pine nuts, soybeans, and turnips. Cooking usually inactivates goitrogens.
The RDA for iodine for adults is quite small, 150 micrograms. | Andreas Moritz See book keywords and concepts | The famous Edgar Cayce used to treat goiter and other thyroid conditions very successfully by giving his patients detoxified iodine. There are three products that meet his requirements; Magnascent, Atomic Iodine, and Atomidine (see Product Information). The latter two seem to be nearly identical. Magnascent has shown some excellent results with hypothyroidism, menopausal symptoms, cancer, arthritis, and other illnesses. | Dr. Steve Blake See book keywords and concepts | The incidence of goiter is more common in adolescent girls. Children who are deficient in iodine have poorer school performance, more learning disabilities, and lower intelligence quotients than normal children. Childhood iodine deficiency can cause an average lowering of intelligence quotients by 13 points.
More severe iodine deficiency can result in hypothyroidism. Symptoms of hypothyroidism (low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood) include dry skin, swellings around the lips and nose, mental deterioration, and a slow basal metabolic rate. | | These plants are known as goitrogens because they promote goiter.
Radiation and Iodine
Iodine deficiency can result in an increased susceptibility to thyroid cancer in populations exposed to radiation. Deficiency results in an increased uptake of iodide by the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is also capable of storing ions of the radioactive form of iodide (iodine 1-131).
IODINE IN FOOD
The amount of iodine needed at different ages is well understood. | | Deficiency can cause goiter, cretinism, and brain damage to fetuses. Sources: iodized salt, seaweed, fish.
Forms in the body: thyroxine (T4) and the more active form, triiodothyronine (T3).
Summary for Selenium
Main functions: needed for the important antioxidant glutathione peroxidase.
Needed to convert thyroxine to the more active thyroid hormone. RDA: adults, 55 meg.
Toxicity: toxic in large amounts with skin and digestive symptoms. Tolerable upper intake level is 400 meg for adults. Deficiency can reduce antioxidant activity and thyroid function. | Andreas Moritz See book keywords and concepts | Diseases related to imbalances of the thyroid gland include toxic goiter, Graves' disease, cretinism, myxoedema, tumors of the thyroid and hypo-parathyroidism, which reduces calcium absorption and causes cataracts. Behavioral disorders and dementia may also have their origin in thyroid imbalances. The failing detoxification of the thyroid gland results in thyrotoxicosis.
High toxicity in the thyroid gland often causes cardiac arrhythmia, which is a serious heart condition, one from which I suffered when I was a child. | Dr. Steve Blake See book keywords and concepts | This enlargement of the thyroid gland is called goiter and can result in a swelling in the thyroid gland in the neck.
IODINE DEFICIENCY
Iodine deficiency causes problems at all stages of life. Iodine is needed in the diet so that the body can produce thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones help develop the nervous system by aiding the formation of the myelin sheath of certain nerves in the central nervous system. These nerve sheaths form before and shortly after birth. | Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S. See book keywords and concepts | Symptoms of iodine deficiency include mental fatigue, coordination problems, and stunted growth in children as well as goiter.
The Thyroid Connection
Low iodine levels contribute greatly to hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormones). Approximately 80 percent of the body's iodine pool winds up in the thyroid gland and is used to make thyroid hormones, so if there isn't enough iodine in the diet, the thyroid gland is the first to know it. | Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts | The thyroid gland can also become enlarged, which results in the formation of a goiter, where the base of the neck becomes swollen.
The causes of hyperthyroidism are uncertain; however, it is thought that hereditary and environmental factors can contribute to the condition. If your doctor suspects an increase in your metabolic rate, he or she will examine the throat for an enlarged thyroid gland and carry out thyroid function tests. | Brigitte Mars, A.H.G. See book keywords and concepts | Motherwort is used in the treatment of amenorrhea, angina, anxiety, arrhythmia, asthma, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, breast tenderness, convulsions, cramps, cystitis (interstitial), delirium tremens, depression (including postpartum and bipolar), diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, edema, epilepsy, goiter, headache, heartbreak, heart palpitations, herpes, high cholesterol, hot flashes, hypertension, hyperthynaturalized elsewhere, is a perennial than can grow from 2 to 5 feet in height. The stems are distinctly square, and the leaves are opposite with three to five pointed lobes. | Lendon H. Smith, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Almost two hundred years ago, Alexander von Humboldt noticed that goiter (swollen thyroid gland) was common in the Andean highlands in Colombia, but unheard of in a nearby valley. A French chemist, Jean-Baptiste Boussingault, investigated this apparent discrepancy. In an abandoned mine in that goiter-free valley he found a seepage of brine with the scent of seawater. He noted that the natives drank this brine occasionally. When the mountain people with goiters came to this valley and "took the waters," their goiters disappeared. | Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts | INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Preparations of kelp are used for the regulation of thyroid function as well as in combination for goiter. The effectiveness for the claimed applications is not verified.
PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. The danger of induction or worsening of a hyperthyroidism following internal administration of the drug exists with dosages above 150 g iodide/day. In rare cases, it can lead to severe allergic reactions.
DOSAGE
No information is available. | Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts | The relationship between Soy and goiter is well known in animals and appears to be related to iodine deficiency (Doerge & Sheehan, 2002). drug interactions
MODERATE RISK
Levothyroxine: Concurrent use of soy and levothyroxine may result in decreased effectiveness of levothyroxine. Clinical Management: Soy administered either as a supplement or as a dietary component may impair absorption of levothyroxine. It is thought that this effect would be minimized if administration times were separated by two hours or more, but no data exists to verify this assumption. | Bill Sardi See book keywords and concepts | In animal and human studies, iodine supplementation induces regression of both iodine-deficient goiter and benign pathological breast tissue. [Cancer Causes Control 11: 121-27, 2000]
Does seaweed prevent breast cancer? Because of the iodine content of seaweed, some experts think so. The seaweed's wakame and mekabu suppress chemically induced breast cancer in rodents. Researchers in Japan believe mekabu is a potential preventive agent of human breast cancer. | Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S. See book keywords and concepts | At least 20 percent of the world's population is iodine deficient and at risk for the range of iodine deficiency disorders that include goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), myxedema, and even cretinism.
In the United States and the Western world in general, the reduction in iodine consumption may be because more people are avoiding dairy, seafood, processed food, and iodized salt, all food substances high in iodine. Vegetarians, depending on the strictness of their practice, are largely deficient in iodine. | Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts | In cases of what is called toxic nodular goiter, where small nodules in the gland produce too many thyroid hormones, removal is the only option.
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
Herbs: The herbs listed in the formulas below are available from Chinese herbalists or online. For either formula, make a decoction by placing the herbs in a ceramic pot, adding 3 cups of water, and bringing the mixture to a boil. Simmer for 30 minutes then strain the liquid. Drink 1 cup twice a day. | Brigitte Mars, A.H.G. See book keywords and concepts | Bladder wrack is used in the treatment of anemia, asthma, Candida, catarrh, constipation, cough, cysts, edema, fatigue, goiter, heartburn, high cholesterol, hormonal imbalance, hypertension, hypotension, hypothyroidism, lymph node enlargement, nail weakness, obesity, rheumatism, and tumors. Because bladder wrack helps stimulate a sluggish metabolism, it can be helpful as part of a weight-loss program. It also can be used as a breast cancer preventive and to encourage convalescence. | | It is also used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, goiter, and hypothyroidism, and it can be used to prevent hair loss.
Nettle is also used for the practice known as urtication, in which one intentionally stings oneself with the plant. This practice, which dates back at least two thousand years, induces a rush of blood to the stung area, producing a counterirritation that reduces inflammation and provides temporary pain relief. Urtication energizes the nerves, muscles, capillaries, and local lymphatic system and causes the body to secrete antihistamines. | | Cooked ho shou wu root is used to treat anemia, atherosclerosis, blurred vision, constipation (due to dry intestines), diabetes, dizziness, exhaustion, goiter, hair loss, high cholesterol, infertility, high cholesterol, hot flashes, hypertension, hypoglycemia, infertility, knee weakness, low sperm count, lumbago, scrofula, insomnia, malaria, menopausal complaints, numbness, premature aging, premature gray hair, premature menopause, rickets, schizophrenia, spermatorrhea, spleen weakness, tinnitus, tuberculosis, vaginal discharge, and vertigo. | | It is used in the treatment of acid indigestion, bronchitis, colds, coughs, cystitis, debility, diarrhea, dysentery, flu, gastritis, goiter, lung dryness, sore throat, and ulcers.
Topically, Irish moss is sometimes included in lotions to soften the skin and prevent premature wrinkling. As a compress or poultice it can soothe inflamed tissues.
Edible Uses
Irish moss is edible has been regarded mainly as a survival food; it was an important food source for the Irish during the famine of the nineteenth century. It must be soaked or cooked first. |
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