Erich Grotewold See book keywords and concepts | This is important during the profiling of this class of natural products in research directed toward the investigation of their physiological and biochemical roles in plants under the influence of environmental factors, or in studies of genetically modified plants for the elucidation of changes in metabolic pathways.
Free flavonoid aglycones exuded by plant tissues (leaf or root) may be washed from the surface with nonpolar solvents, such as methylene chloride, ethyl ether, or ethyl acetate. | Jeffrey M. Smith See book keywords and concepts | In April 2004, the European Food Safety Authority declared that ampicillin resistant marker genes "should be restricted to field trials and not be present in genetically modified plants placed on the market." Spain promptly banned Bt-176 corn, which was growing there.48 In March 2005, the US government revealed that an unapproved corn variety with ampicillin resistant genes (Bt-10) was accidentally mixed into the food chain by its producer Syngenta. The US government, which has not banned ampicillin resistant markers, insists that Bt-10 is safe. | | Inadequate testing requirements are the norm among GM crop regulators worldwide
Genetics professor Marcello Buiatti points out that "present day genetically modified plants are the result of the obsolete technology of the time of their development, nearly 20 years ago, and that such technology has not yet been updated in coherence with the new knowledge gained in the last 10 years or so, for reasons not related to science but rather to complex market and commercial dynamics. | Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN See book keywords and concepts | | Common products derived from genetically modified plants include cottonseed oil, soybeans, cocoa beans, canola, and
~ corn. Genetically altered crops are taking over farmland at an alarming z
3 rate. In 2006, United States GMO crops reached just shy of 135 million
=° acres, with the total global area exceeding 250 million acres!4
< While enhanced nutrients and built-in pest resistance may seem to be a step in the right direction, in actuality the foreseeable future for GMOs is alarming. | Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S. See book keywords and concepts | The organic movement valued a time and place where animals were not fed growth hormones and steroids and antibiotics and where crops were left to fend off the elements with their own protective antioxidants and anthocyanins, rather than chemical pesticides and carcinogens, and where "Roundup Ready," genetically modified plants (GMOs) were unknown. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Second, genes from genetically modified plants have already been shown to be capable of escaping into the environment and contaminating natural crops. And third, manipulating genetic material changes the expression of proteins and antigens in foods, a situation that could lead to allergic reactions.
Since GM has already been shown to contaminate the natural variety of a crop, it is conceivable that they could also cross-fertilize with other plants, resulting in all varieties of a plant being the GM version. | Peter Pringle See book keywords and concepts | Despite an astonishing lack of consumer confidence in the technology worldwide, biotech companies are racing ahead with the next generation of genetically modified plants. At the same time, government regulations to protect consumer health and the environment are evolving more slowly. By 2003 the new phenomenon in the United States was "biopharming"—growing pharmaceuticals in corn crops because it's cheaper than producing them in factories. | Jeffrey M. Smith See book keywords and concepts | The Toxicology Group, for example, warned that genetically modified plants could "contain unexpected high concentrations of plant toxicants," and described the reasons why these might be very difficult to identify.9 Their director wrote, "The possibility of unexpected, accidental changes in genetically engineered plants justifies a limited traditional toxicological study."10
The Division of Food Chemistry and Technology oudined four potential dangers:
1. "Increased levels of known naturally occurring toxins",
2. "Appearance of new, not previously identified" toxins,
3. | Marion Nestle See book keywords and concepts | The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy asked the FDA, EPA, and USDA to strengthen restrictions on field testing to prevent escape of transgenes, and scientific panels of the National Academies urged more careful safety evaluation of genetically modified plants and animals.62
Regardless of the outcome of such actions, the safety questions discussed here—whether genetically modified foods cause allergies, antibiotic resistance, higher production of lectins, or the death of monarch butterflies, and whether they decrease or increase the use of pesticides? | John Robbins See book keywords and concepts | A five-point Emergency Response Plan has been formulated by the European Commission, designed to cope if genetically modified plants result in widespread illness or the death of wildlife. . . . The plan is designed to prevent a human health disaster and stop genetically modified plants from breeding wildly with native species."69 chapter iz Farmageddon
Idon't particularly enjoy contemplating the difficulties and dangers that could develop as a result of genetic engineering. It's far more exciting to think that the technology might open the door to a brighter future. | Marion Nestle See book keywords and concepts | The FDA's 1992 policy on the safety assessment of genetically modified plants. Companies did not need to consult FDA unless the transgenic plants contained allergens, toxins, or unusual components, or exhibited significant alterations in nutrient content. (Source: FDA. Federal Register 57:21984-23005, May 29, 1992.) foods—new substances, toxins, allergens, or nutrients—not on the techniques used to produce them. To determine whether transgenic foods raised safety concerns, the FDA would hold private "consultations" with industry. These would be voluntary. | | Critics ask whether the new proteins made by genetically modified plants might cause allergic reactions. They question the wisdom of planting vast areas of land with crops modified to resist herbicides or insects: will such plants transfer herbicide resistance to unwanted weeds, or toxin resistance to harmful insects? | Jeffrey M. Smith See book keywords and concepts | He stated, "CVM believes that animal feeds derived from genetically modified plants present unique animal and food safety concerns." He pointed out that, "residues of plant constituents or toxicants in meat and milk products may pose human food safety concerns."12 Guest also wrote, "I would urge you to eliminate statements that suggest that the lack of information can be used as evidence for no regulatory concern. | John Robbins See book keywords and concepts | The plan is designed to prevent a human health disaster and stop genetically modified plants from breeding wildly with native species."69 chapter iz Farmageddon
Idon't particularly enjoy contemplating the difficulties and dangers that could develop as a result of genetic engineering. It's far more exciting to think that the technology might open the door to a brighter future. It can feel wonderful to imagine the possibilities for good and the expansion of human power and potential the technology might bring. | Rebecca Wood See book keywords and concepts | If using oleic-rich safflower oil, however, be sure to purchase one with a label guaranteeing that it is not made from genetically modified plants.
The safflower, a thistlelike sunflower relative, prefers a semiarid climate; California and Arizona are the principal U.S. safflower growers.
See Fat and Oil.
SAFFRON
(Crocus sativus)
Saffron was once used to dye the robes of Buddhist monks because its brilliant golden yellow color signifies illumination. Also valued as a spice, a cosmetic, and a medicine since the tenth century B.C. | John Robbins See book keywords and concepts | Henry Miller, a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institute, who was responsible for biotechnology issues at the FDA from 1979 to 1994,"42
Labeling It Like It Is
In 1995, very few genetically modified plants had yet been grown for commercial sale. Four years later, nearly 100 million acres of genetically modified crops were planted worldwide, more than 70 million of them in the United States. By 2000, more than half of the American soybean and cotton crops and one-third of the corn crop were genetically engineered. | | In India, Monsanto has had to grow genetically modified plants in greenhouses constructed of bullet-proof plastic._> In the southern Indian state of Kar-nataka, an organization of farmers has launched a campaign called "Operation Cremate Monsanto," uprooting and burning field trials of genetically engineered crops.26
The uprising has been spreading everywhere. In France, a band of 120 farmers broke into a storage facility of the biotech company Novartis and destroyed 30 tons of genetically modified corn. | the Editors of FC&A Medical Publishing See book keywords and concepts | Other experts argue that almost half the soybean crop and about one-fourth of the corn crop now consists of genetically modified plants. And people have been eating these foods for some time with no ill effects.
The debate over the safety of what some call "Frankenfoods" will undoubtedly continue, with many demanding laws to ban or regulate GM foods. If you're concerned, choose products with the label "GMO-free" whenever possible.
New USPA labeling defines organic
The label says "organic," but does that mean it's healthy? |
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