Caldwell B. Esselstyn, Jr., M.D. See book keywords and concepts | And the development of fish farming, made necessary by the steady depletion of the Earth's oceans, poses some new dangers. fish farming is so unhealthy that its products must be treated with antibiotics, and many health authorities advise against eating farm-grown fish. There is no doubt that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish are valuable, but there are other, safer sources of these acids, which I will discuss in Chapter 8.
5. US DA recommendation: "When selecting and preparing meat, poultry, dry beans, and milk or milk products, make choices that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free. | Andreas Moritz See book keywords and concepts | Gulf coast oysters
There are other environmental concerns related to fish farming. For example, presently over 85 open net cage fish farms operate in the coastal waters of British Columbia, producing waste that is equivalent in volume to the raw sewage released from a city of 500,000 inhabitants. This excessively "wasteful" usage of precious water resources for few or no health benefits is yet another example of how misinformation and vested interest groups control the eating and living habits of the masses today.
A Note on the Blood Type Diet
Eat Right for Your Type by Peter J. | Caldwell B. Esselstyn, Jr., M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Fish farming is so unhealthy that its products must be treated with antibiotics, and many health authorities advise against eating farm-grown fish. There is no doubt that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish are valuable, but there are other, safer sources of these acids, which I will discuss in Chapter 8.
5. US DA recommendation: "When selecting and preparing meat, poultry, dry beans, and milk or milk products, make choices that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free."
This is largely obfuscation—confusing and misleading for the vast majority of people who are unfamiliar with the science. | Mike Adams, the Health Ranger See article keywords and concepts | Those pathogens spread quickly through non-natural animal production facilities (bird farms, cattle ranches, fish farming ponds, etc.), accelerating the mutation rate and greatly increasing the chance of cross-species infections that can then be spread by human-to-human contact. Bird flu, for example, remains globally uncontrolled and could mutate into a human form at any moment. | Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts | With fish farming, levels of cholecalciferol in fish raised in aquaculture cannot be assumed to be equivalent to those in wild species. Further, it is now recognized that levels in fish are much more variable than previously recognized [35]; therefore, caution must be taken in using data from Table 2. Other concerns about consumption of fish or fish oils include consumption of too much mercury and vitamin A. Land animals that are exposed to sunlight or have vitamin D in their feed may be a source of vitamin D, but the amount of vitamin D provided as meat is not well documented except for liver. | Carlo Petrini See book keywords and concepts | From that moment, Presidium by Presidium, the Slow Food movement began to work with productive know-how, with the agricultural economy, with food marketing, with agroeconomy, animal husbandry, fish farming, and milk and cheese processing—simply drawing on the knowledge of rural people and evaluating the resulting characteristics of their products.
We were not mere consumers—we had taken responsibility for part of the production system, if only from the cultural point of view: we had become co-producers. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Fish farming is also an age-old practice. The ancient Assyrians had fishponds where they bred up to fifty different species of fish, and the Romans also farmed fish in ponds. For thousands of years, the Chinese have farmed fish as well, using their rice fields during the periods when the fields are under water.
Throughout history, fish and shellfish have been a source of economic power. The Vikings traded large amounts of stockfish and salted, dried cod, and Britain's empire was based largely on its control of the oceans as a result of its fishing industry. | Alex Steffen See book keywords and concepts | He envisions a day when fish farming throughout New York City—using systems scalable to tight urban spaces—will replace resource-wasting importing as a ready source of local seafood.
Farmed fish, shellfish, and crustaceans represent almost one-third of the seafood we eat today. With worldwide demand for seafood on the rise and most wild fisheries going under, aquaculture has become a lucrative business. The industry and its methods have their critics, but not all aquaculture is bad.
Shellfish aquaculture can actually have a positive impact on the environment. | | Fin fish farming in coastal waters can be more problematic. Farmed salmon, raised by the thousands in net pens, produce a corresponding load of water-polluting feces. Diseases can spread quickly through the crowded pens. Antibiotics used to treat these diseases can then leak out into the water, where they can help disease-resistant organisms develop. And it all adds up to less-than-healthy salmon steaks on your plate.
Many researchers and environmentalists believe that the solution lies in removing fish farms from areas bordering wild waters. Although Dr. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Unlike fish farming, a relatively new phenomenon, oyster farming dates back more than 2,000 years to ancient Rome. Cultivated oysters take about three years to travel from their spawning grounds to the table and, in North America, range from Wi to 6 inches long—at most, just half as large as the foot-long giants found by early European explorers. Today, the leading oyster-producing countries are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. | Henry Hobhouse See book keywords and concepts | But in the seventeenth century Japanese agriculture was the most highly developed in the world, as was fishing and fish farming. Botany was ahead of anything in Europe. On the other hand the world of medicine was limited to herbal remedies, little use being made of surgery or compound drugs. Mathematics was unknown in terms of algebra or geometry. Astrology was known, but not astronomy, and the Japanese could not construct a calendar without Dutch or Chinese help. | John Robbins See book keywords and concepts | So great is the ecological destruction caused by fish farming, particularly of shrimp, that a 2000 report published in the New Internationalist compared the environmental damage caused by fish farming to that caused by replacing tropical rainforests with cattle ranches.84
The point, of course, is to produce more food for people to eat. But intensive shrimp and prawn industries typically locate in areas that have traditionally grown rice—the primary staple for most of the world's people. With every new shrimp pond, rice paddies are lost, and with them, food for local people. | Mike Adams, the Health Ranger See article keywords and concepts | We actually started producing natural astaxanthin as a replacement for synthetic astaxanthin that's currently used in fish farming, and we do continue to sell into the aquaculture industry. But as our production started ramping up, we became aware of the very potent antioxidant properties of natural astaxanthin, and as we did more research and started looking more at the scientific literature, we found that natural astaxanthin has three very unique properties: first of all, it's an extremely potent antioxidant. Some studies have shown over 500 times stronger than vitamin E. | John Croft See book keywords and concepts | There have been instances where it has been possible to utilize what would normally be a polluting discharge to the benefit of fish farming. This occurs where the polluting discharge is hot seawater, previously used for industrial cooling purposes, that can be used subsequently to enhance the growth rate of some fish and also allow the farming of them in areas where the ambient water temperature might otherwise be too cold.
In most cases, however, the argument against the discharge of wastes into the seas needs to be supported by more than aesthetic or recreational components. | John Robbins See book keywords and concepts | So far, the fish farming industry is following directly in the footsteps of the livestock industries, feeding primarily the rich at the expense of the planet, the animals, and the poor. As Jean-Michel Cousteau writes, "(Aquaculture) means that we are taking vast amounts of small fish that form the basis of the poor person's diet in the oceanic world and using them to produce one large fish that is enjoyed primarily by the upper echelons in industrial nations."86
Meanwhile, 22 million tons of wild fish were used by the livestock industry for pig and cow feed in 1997. | | If we continue to think of fish, and indeed the whole of the natural world, as existing primarily to fulfill our immediate needs, we will pay a stupendous price for our ignorance. s fish farming the Answer?
In an effort to compensate for falling wild fish stocks, and to help feed ever-growing populations, more and more fish are being farmed. Aqua-culture output is today the fastest growing sector of both the United States and the world food economy. 1
In 1985, barely 5 percent of the world's fish for food was produced by aquaculture. | Michael F. Jacobson, Ph.D., Lisa Y. Lefferts and Anne Witte Garland See book keywords and concepts | | The FDA says that while many of the drugs used in fish farming have been in use for years and may be legal for use in other animal species, most haven't been approved for use in aquaculture and don't have established "withdrawal" times to allow the drugs to pass out of the fish before they are sold.11 In 1988, Argent Chemical Laboratories was found guilty of illegally distributing drugs and pesticides for use by fish farms and fined $70,000. | | Although fish farming conceivably could help avoid chemical contaminants, it can cause problems of its own:
>• In fish farms, it isn't unusual for a large number of fish to be reared in a small, confined space, which may result in stress-related disease—and the use of drugs to control it. According to the FDA, little is known about the resulting drug residues in fish. | | Farm-raised fish raise new questions
Approximately 12 percent of the fish eaten by Americans today are raised by aquaculture9—the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish in environmentally-controlled conditions. "Fish farming" is a fast-growing industry, as pollution, over-fishing, and other problems are depleting supplies of fish in the wild. In 1987, about 750 million pounds of fish and shellfish were produced in the United States using aquaculture—up from 203 million pounds in 1980. | John Robbins See book keywords and concepts | She and the articles' other authors, representing institutes of aqua-culture from all over the world, added that as a result of fish farming, some populations of herring, mackerel, sardines, and other fish low in the marine food chain are in danger of disappearing from the world's oceans.
Aquaculture contributes to the decline of oceanic fish in another way as well. Diseases and parasites thrive in the densely populated conditions offish farms, and can easily spread to wild populations. |
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