Mike Adams, the Health Ranger See article keywords and concepts | Low fish consumption was also strongly correlated with poor motor skills, troublesome behavior, poor communication skills and lower social status.
The socioeconomic standing of the mother and family were taken into account so that the ability to afford more fish in the diet did not bias the results.
Health experts warn against pregnant women eating certain types of fish -- such as tuna -- due to latent mercury content.
The health benefits of fish consumption are believed to be due to the omega-3 fatty acid content of oily fish. | Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S. See book keywords and concepts | Keep your fish consumption to the recommended levels.
And if you're so moved, get involved. Write to your congressperson. Elect people who want to clean up the environment and the food it produces. Join a consumer advocacy group.
But for goodness' sake, do not stop eating fish. The good stuff in it will do more for you than the bad stuff will do you harm, especially if you choose your sources carefully. One source I personally like a lot is Vital Source, linked on my Web site, www.jonnybowden.com, in the shopping section under "Healthy Foods. | Bottom Line Health See book keywords and concepts | | THE JURY IS STILL OUT
At least one expert thinks this study does not make a conclusive case that DHA—or any other omega-3 fatty acid, for that matter—is the reason that fish consumption appears to slow a decline in thinking ability.
Greg M. Cole, associate director of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, says that although Morris's study "also finds reduced cognitive decline associated with increased fish intake, it doesn't find much evidence to relate this to greater omega-3 fatty acid intake. | Bill Sardi See book keywords and concepts | Cancer Causes Control 8: 175-83, 1997; Cancer Research 59: 4320-24, 1999]
While red meat is a risk factor for colon cancer, fish consumption appears to protect against colon cancer. [Journal National Cancer Institute 97: 906-16, 2005]
Calcium
For a number of years now the public has been advised that calcium from dairy products reduces the risk for colon cancer. But is it the calcium? Careful dissection of studies now reveals that it may be the vitamin D in dairy products, and not the calcium, that prevents colon cancer. | Bottom Line Health See book keywords and concepts | | In addition, fish consumption has been associated with a lower risk of dementia and stroke. Some recent studies have discovered that one omega-3 fatty acid in particular, docosahexae-noic acid (DHA), is important for memory in older animals. o
Morris believes that increased levels of DHA may be responsible for the slower decline in thinking ability. In a previous study, Morris found that DHA reduced the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. "DHA is very important for the communication between neurons and the overall functioning of neurons," she explains. | Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts | Try T&fJts to eat plenty of fish, since there is a link between fish consumption in children and a decreased risk of developing asthma. Sprinkle some ground flaxseeds on your food to obtain omega-3 fatty acids, which help with inflammation. Be aware of foods that provoke allergy reactions and avoid those foods. Drinking water every waking hour will flush out mucus and phlegm from your body.
Supplements: Take 4-8 g of fish oils a day for their anti-inflammatory components. Magnesium has been shown to relax the bronchial tubes and improve overall lung function. | Tori Hudson, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Subsri-tuting fish oils from a reliable manufacturer for fish consumption is a good way to keep omega-3 fatty acids in the diet. Prior to pregnancy, a minimum daily intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in fish and fish oils, is about 650 mg of each.
Wild salmon ranges from 1.0 to 1.5 grams per three-ounce serving, with a little more DHA rhan EPA. The different species of salmon (sock-eye, chinook, coho) range in EPA and DHA, and wild sockeye contains approximately 600 mg DHA and 430 mg EPA per three-ounce serving. | Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts | Fish consumption and incidence of stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Stroke 35, 1538-1542.
231. de Lorgeril, M., Salen, P., Martin, J. L., Monjaud, I., Delaye, J., and Mamelle, N. (1999). Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 99, 779-785.
232. Bucher, H. C, Hengstler, P., Schindler, C, and Meier, G. (2002). N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Med. 112, 298-304.
233. | Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN See book keywords and concepts | | The United States EPA and Florida Department of Health guidelines for fish consumption indicate that any specimen with a mercury level [greater than] 1.5 ppm in their muscle tissue should not be consumed in any amount."10
Organic mercury is usually found in fish and other aquatic organisms but can also be detected in produce, livestock, processed grains, and dairy products. Most commonly, humans are exposed to mercury by eating contaminated fish or inhaling fumes from dental fillings. Refer to the following table for avoiding mercury found in fish. | Steven V. Joyal See book keywords and concepts | Dewailly E. fish consumption and blood lipids in three ethnic groups of Quebec (Canada). Lipids 2003 Apr; 38(4):359-65.
Dincer Y et al. Effect of oxidative stress on glutathione pathway in red blood cells from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2002 Oct; 51(10):1360-62.
Doggrell SA. Alpha-lipoic acid, an anti-obesity agent? Expert Opin InvestigDrugs 2004 Dec; 13(12):l64l-43.
Dulloo AG et al. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am] Clin Nutr 1999; 70:1040-45. | Caldwell B. Esselstyn, Jr., M.D. See book keywords and concepts | But fish consumption poses a set of dangers all its own. Filled with toxins such as PCBs and mercury, fish are a known hazard—so much so that pregnant women are advised to eat them sparingly. And the development of fish farming, made necessary by the steady depletion of the Earth's oceans, poses some new dangers. Fish farming is so unhealthy that its products must be treated with antibiotics, and many health authorities advise against eating farm-grown fish. | Donna Jackson Nakazawa See book keywords and concepts | Before attempting to make it through the train, each mouse is first exposed to a dose of mercury that's analogous to what many of us carry in our bodies right now from a combination of mercury amalgam dental fillings, fish consumption, and the amount of mercury we absorb from other foods, water, and the atmosphere around us. When a mouse possessing a high genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity gets exposed to a low dose of mercury, it develops the autoimmune disease lupus quite quickly. We might visualize this mouse as falling ill before it even gets through the very first boxcar of the train. | Russell L. Blaylock, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Another stronger bit of information supporting the broader benefits of omega-3 fatty acid consumption comes from the Western Electric Study, which looked at the relation between fish consumption and coronary heart deaths among 1,822 men followed for thirty years.307 This study looked at heart failure, rather than sudden death, and found that participants with the highest fish consumption were the least likely to suffer coronary heart failure. | Andreas Moritz See book keywords and concepts | These standards for determining safe fish consumption levels are according to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Farmed salmon were found to have up to 10 times higher levels of PCBs and dioxins than wild salmon. Farmed salmon are frequently fed antibiotics, which contribute to the growth of drug-resistant bacteria. In addition, chemical are often added to their food to color their flesh pink to resemble their wild cousins. Otherwise, they would remain an unappetizing grayish-brown color. | | Even if fish consumption were shown to prevent heart attacks (for which there is no proof), would it be justified and wise to propagate it as being a healthy food when it is known to cause other chronic or fatal diseases? Eating food that saves one person but kills another is much like gambling with one's life. You can never really know whether you will win or lose. As always, the final judge is you, the consumer. If in doubt, I suggest that you use Kinesiology muscle testing to determine whether fish is or is not conducive to your health and well-being. | Tori Hudson, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Lipid-lowering medication was found to decrease beneficial omega-3 fatty acids and increase pathogenic arachidonic acid after only three months of use, leading the authors to conclude that these medications should be combined with diets low in arachidonic acid and high in omega-3 fatty acid.82 fish consumption not only improves laboratory values but also decreases evidence of cardiovascular disease at the blood vessel level in terms of stenosis and other markers of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women who consumed two or more servings of fish per week.83
Fiber. | Gary Null and Amy McDonald See book keywords and concepts | If you look at other countries, you can predict the prevalence of depression in the population just by knowing the average annual fish consumption. In Germany, the average person eats just 20 pounds of fish per year and they have a very high rate of depression there. In Japan, fish is a staple of the diet, the average person eats about 150 pounds of it per year and they have an incredibly low rate of depression. The US is about in the middle between those two extremes.
"We already know that fish oil is quite effective for treating manic depression or bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. | Steven V. Joyal See book keywords and concepts | Fatty fish consumption and ischemic heart disease mortality in older adults: The cardiovascular heart study. Presented at the American Heart Association's 41st annual conference on cardiovascular disease epidemiology and prevention. AHA 2001.
Finot PA, Magnenat E. Metabolic transit of early and advanced Maillard products. Prog Food Nutr Sci 1981; 5 (1 -6): 193-207.
Foster-Powell K et al. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr 76:5-56.
Goldberg T et al. Advanced glycation end products in commonly consumed foods. | Gabriel Cousens See book keywords and concepts | The two main contributing factors seem to be a diet high in fish and the common use of silver-mercury amalgams for dental work. fish consumption alone may be enough to cause mercury toxicity. An article by the Canadian Medical Association in 1976 reported that Indians in Northern Canada, who ate more than a pound of fish per day, had symptoms of mercury poisoning. A 1985 study in West Germany of 136 people who regularly consumed fish from the Elbe River found a correlation between the blood levels of both mercury and pesticides and the amount of fish eaten. | Mike Adams, the Health Ranger See article keywords and concepts | The health benefits of fish consumption are believed to be due to the omega-3 fatty acid content of oily fish.
Quote: "This idea of fish being toxic has been around for a long time but this study seems to be saying that is a minor problem compared with the benefits you get from fish." - Professor Robert Grimble, professor of nutrition at the University of Southampton
What you need to know - Alternative View
Nutrition during pregnancy has a powerful impact on the future behavior of children. "Problematic" behavior in children needs to be treated with diet, not drugs. | Michael Pollan See book keywords and concepts | Daviglus, "Fish Consumption and the 30-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction," New England Journal of Medicine, 1997; 336: 1046-53. K.W Lee and G.Y. Lip, "The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease," QJM:An International Journal of Medicine, 2003 July; 96(7):46S-80.
Alzheimer's. Omega-6s supply the building blocks for a class of pro-inflammatory messenger chemicals involved in the body's rapid-response reaction to a range of problems. One of these compounds is thromboxane, which encourages blood platelets to aggregate into clots. | Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Stoll, noting that in Japan and other countries where fish consumption is high, both depression and heart disease rates are low.
Biotechnology pioneer Barry Sears, Ph.D., author of the bestselling Zone books, also extols fish oil as "the best drug to elevate mood. If you're eating a lot of simple carbohydrates, you're probably not eating much fish. Americans consume only about five percent the amount of fish they did at the turn of the century. | Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts | The findings have been questioned because it is not clear how carefully subjects adhered to advice regarding increased fish consumption. In this trial, serum EPA levels were only measured in a small subset (n ?39) of the subjects at 6 months into the study [78].
The benefits of fish oil supplementation have been questioned in patients with implanted cardioverter/defibrillators (ICDs). Three fish-oil supplementation trials have been conducted in this population with mixed results. | David Steinman See book keywords and concepts | Average fish consumption in the United States was seventeen pounds per person per year. Most seafood choices; fortunately, aren't as contaminated as the fish from the Great Lakes, and health officials are encouraging us to eat higher quantities of fish instead of red meat. But most people won't even know if the fish they are purchasing is highly contaminated with these chemical toxins, and we know there will always be a small number of people affected by even very low toxic exposures. | | Risk analysis indicates that consumption of farmed Atlantic salmon may pose health risks that detract from the beneficial effects of fish consumption."
In a 2005 study reported in Environmental Health Perspectives, several of the same researchers from the Science study added this further caveat: "Consumption of farmed salmon at relatively low frequencies results in elevated exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds with commensurate elevation in estimates of health risk. | Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts | Meat and fish consumption, APC gene mutations and hMLHl expression in colon and rectal cancer: A prospective cohort study (The Netherlands). Cancer Causes Control 16, 1041-1054.
251. Bongaerts, B. W., de Goeij, A. F., van den Brandt, P. A., and Weijenberg, M. P. (2006). Alcohol and the risk of colon and rectal cancer with mutations in the K-ras gene. Alcohol 38, 147-154.
252. Bongaerts, B. W., de Goeij, A. F., de Vogel, S., van den Brandt, P. A., Goldbohm, R. A., and Weijenberg, M. P. (2007). Alcohol consumption and distinct molecular pathways to colorectal cancer. Br. J. Nutr. 97, 430-434. | | Fish consumption and cancer risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 85-90.
301. Tzonou, A., Hsieh, C. C, Polychronopoulou, A., et al. (1993). Diet and ovarian cancer: A case-control study in Greece. Int. J. Cancer 55, 411-414.
302. Engle, A., Muscat, J. E., and Harris, R. E. (1991). Nutritional risk factors and ovarian cancer. Nutr. Cancer 15, 239-247.
303. Kushi, L. H., Mink, P. J., Folsom, A. R., et al. (1999). Prospective study of diet and ovarian cancer. Am. J. Epidemiol. 149, 21-31.
304. La Vecchia, C, Decarli, A., Negri, E., et al. (1987). | | Fatty fish consumption and risk of prostate cancer. Lancet 357, 1764-1766.
128. Augustsson, K., Michaud, D. S., Rimm, E. B., Leitzmann, M. E, Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C, and Giovannucci, E. (2003). A prospective study of intake of fish and marine fatty acids and prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 12, 64-67.
129. Terry, P. D., Terry, J. B., and Rohan, T. E. (2004). Long-chain (n-3) fatty acid intake and risk of cancers of the breast and the prostate: Recent epidemiological studies, biological mechanisms, and directions for future research. J. Nutr. 134, 3412S-3420S.
130. | | Fish consumption and stroke risk in elderly individuals: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 200-206.
94. Folsom, A. R., and Demissie, Z. (2004). Fish intake, marine omega-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 160, 1005-1010.
95. Dolecek, T., and Granditis, G. (1991). Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 66, 205-216.
96. de Lorgeril, M., Renaud, S., Mamelle, N., et al. (1994). | David W. Grotto, RD, LDN See book keywords and concepts | Kris-Etherton P, Harris WS, Appel LJ. fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Am Heart Assoc Sci Statement. 2002; 2747-2757.
Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, et al. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2002;105: 1897-1903.
Singh RB, et al. Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients. Lancet. 2002; 360:1455-1461. Surette ME, Koumenis IL, Edens MB, Tramposch KM, Clayton B, Bowton D, Chilton FH. |
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