Chlorofluorocarbons

Email this page to a friend

Want news about Chlorofluorocarbons and more e-mailed to you? Click here for free email alerts

Asthma Controlled Naturally: Techniques That Work Dr Ron Roberts See book keywords and concepts

Gas stoves and heaters emit nitrogen dioxide, ageing refrigeration still contains chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), radiation comes from television screens, microwave ovens, fluorescent lamps and computers. Insulating materials, paints, carpets, glues, tobacco smoke, ovens, vacuum cleaners, air conditioning, all emit fumes, irritants or radiation, and the list goes on. In the last thirty years we have become surrounded by electromagnetic fields, not just from household appliances but also from living near high-tension powerlines.

Safe Trip to Eden: Ten Steps to Save Planet Earth from the Global Warming Meltdown David Steinman See book keywords and concepts

The company is responsible for hazardous pesticides (such as 2,4-D, Dursban, Telone, and DBCP), as well as by-products such as dioxin, ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons, and Agent Orange and napalm used during the Vietnam War. In 1999, Dow acquired Union Carbide, whose pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, released methyl isocyanate and other chemicals in 1984, causing one of the worst industrial disasters in history. Recently Dow has positioned itself as one of five corporations dominating the market for genetically engineered seeds.20 How could any company escape a past like that?

Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts

Unlike the older version of Ventolin, the new inhaler uses an alternative propellant called hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) rather than the traditional ozone-reducing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used previously. There are now two albuterol HFA inhalers approved for use in the United States. The first, Proventil HFA, was approved in 1996. O Researchers at Cornell University studied children aged four through sixteen years who were part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey.

Exposed: The Toxic Chemistry of Everyday Products and What's at Stake for American Power Mark Schapiro See book keywords and concepts

Montreal Protocol, to which the United States and Europe, are parties.26 U.S. car companies export few cars to Europe; thus, U.S. manufacturers are under little direct pressure to adapt to European standards. But each of the American "big three" has substantial ties to the European market: Ford has its own Ford Europe production facilities, and owns the Jaguar line in the UK; General Motors owns the German Opel, the Swedish Saab, and produces its own line of vehicles in the UK under the Vauxhall label; until May 2007, when it was sold to the U.S.

Gary Null's Power Aging Gary Null See book keywords and concepts

On a large scale, the industrial revolution has brewed a heat-trapping mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons. The result is the worldwide greenhouse effect, in which the warming of the entire planet is causing the rapid melting of its polar ice caps, as well as unusual weather patterns worldwide, resulting in droughts and flooding. Now, carbon dioxide is no villain: it is a naturally occurring gas that is not harmful when the ecosystem is in balance.

The Healthy Home: An Attic-to-Basement Guide to Toxin-Free Living Linda Mason Hunter See book keywords and concepts

But, because they depend on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chemicals that are responsible for depleting Earth's ozone layer, heat pumps are not a socially responsible choice. In addition, heat pumps aren't a smart choice in really cold climates because as outdoor temperatures fall, their space-heating performance suffers. Solar Relying more on energy conservation and renewable energy and less on the planet's limited supply of fossil fuels is the most socially responsible way to heat your house.

Earth Right H. Patricia Hynes See book keywords and concepts

What of the other greenhouse gases? chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs have up to 10,000 times the heat-holding capacity of carbon dioxide while they migrate through the lower atmosphere. They are a fraction of total greenhouse gases, yet they account for nearly 20 percent of global warming. Methane gas is generated by bacteria that decompose organic matter in oxygen-poor environments, and it is emitted most significantly from landfills, the digestive tracts of cattle, and fermenting rice paddies. Methane is also the principal component of natural gas.

Sweden is the first country to move beyond paper endorsements and to accelerate the schedule of eliminating the use of chlorofluorocarbons. In June 1988, the Swedish parliament passed legislation that eliminates CFCs in that country by 1995. After extensive discussions with industry, the government established a schedule of phasing out sterilant and remaining aerosol uses of CFCs by the end of 1988; use in packaging by the end of 1989; use as a solvent and in flexible foam by 1991; use in rigid foam, in dry-cleaning, and as coolants by 1994 at the latest.

If one family of chemicals had been elected to embody the slogan "A Better World Through Chemistry," it would have been chlorofluorocarbons. Between 1974 and 1988, atmospheric chemists built an unassailable case for the fact that certain widely used CFCs, highly stable in the lower atmosphere, migrate to the upper atmosphere, where they react with and destroy ozone. Another family of chemicals, halons, and two organic solvents, methyl chloroform and carbon Table 12.

The refrigerant chemical, called chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs), was nontoxic to humans, nonflammable, and stable—an excellent mix of qualities for domestic use. To demonstrate their relative safety at ground level, Thomas Midgeley, Jr., the research chemist who synthesized CFCs, inhaled vapors from a beaker of clear liquid and then exhaled to extinguish a candle. Du Pont marketed the compound under the trademark Freon.

In addition, the bill sets deadlines by which packaging containing chlorofluorocarbons (chemicals that deplete the ozone layer) is prohibited and plastic bags for consumer products, plastic rings on beverages, and polystyrene foam packaging must be biodegradable (time frames set on biodegradability). By July 1, 1992, plastic containers must be labeled with the type of resin used in the bottle to facilitate recycling. With a mix of sales taxes, business registration fees, oil overcharge settlement funds, and disposal fees, the state created a trust fund to aid local governments.

Also featured are those cities and states that have adopted creative environmental ordinances: The states of Vermont and Hawaii have limited the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons; the city of Seattle has set a goal of recycling up to sixty percent of its solid waste. The reader will learn of an industry's "buy recycled" policy and the "styrofoam-free" policy instituted by a public agency. Their example serves as beacons to enlighten us, and models to prod and encourage us to "go and do likewise." Most people live local lives.

Staying Healthy in a Risky Environment: The New York University Medical Center Family Guide Arthur C. Upton, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

Then, in the 1930s, a new class of chemicals, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), was developed. CFCs became widely used as coolants in refrigerators, air conditioners, industrial solvents, and aerosol propellants and in the manufacture of styrofoam and a host of other products. After more than forty years of use, it was observed by chemists at the University of Michigan and the University of California, Irvine, that millions of pounds of CFCs escape into the atmosphere every year and that they destroy ozone when they reach the stratosphere.

Outdoors, the major primary air pollutants are carbon oxides; sulfur oxides; nitrogen oxides; volatile organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons, benzene, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorofluorocarbons; and particulate matter. The major secondary pollutants include ozone and photochemical oxidants, as well as particulates in solid form or liquid form, such as sulfuric acid (H2S04) and nitric acid (HN03).

Outdoors, the major primary air pollutants are carbon oxides (CO, C02); sulfur oxides (S02, S03); nitrogen oxides (NO); volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as hydrocarbons, benzene, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); and particulate matter (PM). Secondary pollutants are formed in the air through chemical reactions between a primary pollutant and one or more chemicals. The major secondary pollutants include ozone (03) and photochemical oxidants, as well as particulates in solid or liquid form, such as sulfuric acid (H2S04) and nitric acid (HN03).

1001 Chemicals in Everyday Products Grace Ross Lewis See book keywords and concepts

Many countries agreed in 1987 to phase out chlorofluorocarbons. China agreed to begin their ban in 1998. Synonyms: CAS: 75-69-4 ? CFC ? TRICHLORO MONOFLUORO METHANE ? FREON 11 ? ARCTON 9 ? FRIGEN 11 ? HALOCARBON 11 chloro-ipc__ Products and Uses: A herbicide. A preemergent sprayed on potatoes to prevent sprouting, therefore providing longer shelf life. Precautions: Hazard by swallowing. Possible carcinogen (may cause cancer). A human mutagen (changes inherited characteristics). Synonyms: CAS: 101-21-3 ? BUD-NIP ? PREVENTOL ? TATERPEX ?

Nontoxic, Natural and Earthwise Debra Lynn Dadd See book keywords and concepts

As catalysts, chlorine and bromine destroy ozone without being altered themselves, and since many of these chemicals—particularly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—remain in the atmosphere for over one hundred years, they can destroy a lot of ozone throughout their lifespan. One single molecule of chlorine can destroy 100,000 molecules of ozone. There are enough CFCs, for instance, embedded in one Styrofoam beer cooler to destroy all the ozone over an area as big as twenty football fields.

The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know James Trefil, Joseph F. Kett, and E. D. Hirsch See book keywords and concepts

Chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria, fa Chlorine in CFCs is believed to be responsible for the ozone hole. chlorofluorocarbons See cfc. circumference (suhr-kum-fuhr-uhns) The measure of the distance around a circle. closed universe If there is enough matter in the univetse to stop the expansion associated with the big bang, we say that the universe is closed. In a closed universe, the cutrent period of expansion will be followed by a period of contraction (sometimes called the Big Crunch) as the gravitational force pulls matter back in.

The hole is thought to be caused by a combination of the peculiarities of atmospheric circulation (see atmosphere) near the South Pole and chemical reactions involving chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere and ice crystals in clouds. ozone layer A band of ozone in the upper atmosphere. Ozone is a molecule made of three atoms of oxygen instead of the usual two.

The ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, and is thus very important to the health of human beings and other life forms on earth, fa The earth's ozone layer is at risk because of the action of chlorofluorocarbons. (See ozone hole.) paleontology (pay-lee-uhn-tol-uh-jee) The study of ancient life forms, particularly as they are seen in fossils. Pangaea (pan-jEE-uh) A possible former "super-continent" on the earth.

A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Ruth Winter, M.S. See book keywords and concepts

PROPELLANT • A compressed gas used to expel the contents of containers in the form of aerosols. chlorofluorocarbons were widely used because of their non-flammability. The strong possibility that they contribute to depletion of the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere has resulted in prohibition of their use for this purpose. Other propellants used are hydrocarbon gases, such as butane and propane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. The materials dispersed include shaving cream, whipping cream, and cosmetic preparations.

Staying Healthy with Nutrition: The Complete Guide to Diet and Nutritional Medicine Elson M. Haas, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

There has been a marked increase in skin cancer in recent decades, thought to be a result of the thinning of the ozone layer caused by air pollution with chlorofluorocarbons. This means that the sun's ultraviolet rays are less filtered and more dangerous now than they were 25 years ago. A sunscreen, 10-15 SPF, is suggested whenever sun exposure will last longer than an hour. Many natural sunscreens contain PABA, a B vitamin. (For more ideas on healthy survival, see the 88 Survival Suggestions at the end of Chapter 11.

Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives: A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Vitamin E Ruth Winter See book keywords and concepts

Used as pro-pellant and aerating agent in foods. See chlorofluorocarbons. 2(m-CHLOROPHENOXY) PROPIONIC ACID • A growth regulator used in pineapple bran. FDA residue tolerance is 3 ppm. CHLORPROMAZINE • Ormazine. Thorazine. Thor-Pram. An antipsychotic and antinausea medication introduced in the 1950s, it is also used for intractable hiccups and mild alcohol withdrawal. It is used to tranquilize pigs on their way to market.

PROPELLANT • A compressed gas used to expel the contents of containers in the form of aerosols. chlorofluorocarbons were widely used because of their non-flammability. The strong possibility that they contribute to depletion of the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere has resulted in prohibition of their use for this purpose. Other propellants used are hydrocarbon gases, such as butane and propane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. The materials dispersed include shaving cream, whipping cream, and cosmetic preparations.

Living Downstream Sandra Steingraber See book keywords and concepts

Recall from Chapter Three that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the famous ozone depleters, were exceptional because they did not share this property of biological activity. And because they are so chemically stable, CFC molecules can be swept into the stratosphere in their still intact state. Only when hit by a beam of ultraviolet light do they finally fall apart, releasing the chlorine atom that begins the destructive chain reaction culminating in the loss of ozone. CFCs were invented in 1928 but came into large-scale production only after World War II.

101 Things You Don't Know About Science And No One Else Does Either James Trefil See book keywords and concepts

This is where most of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun is absorbed, but it is also the region that was threatened by the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (I should point out that even in the ozone layer, ozone is a tiny fraction of the gases in the atmosphere.) I think of the period before 1985 as the "spray-can era" as far as the ozone layer is concerned. In that period we knew that CFCs entering the atmosphere could, because of their extreme stability, make their way up into the ozone layer, where the action of sunlight on them releases chlorine.

The Super Anti-Oxidants: Why They Will Change the Face of Healthcare in the 21st Century James F. Balch, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

For decades we filled the air with chlorofluorocarbons from aerosol spray cans, refrigerants like Freon and other fluorinated hydrocarbons, and industrial-strength chemical waste that destroys the ozone layer. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that a 40 percent depletion of the ozone layer by 2075 would result in 154 million additional cases of skin cancer and an additional 3.4 million deaths worldwide. These are ominous statistics, but that is not the only problem. The sun is a direct cause of cataracts.

FAIR USE NOTICE: The research quoted here is provided under the protection of Fair Use provisions and published by the 501(c)3 non-profit Consumer Wellness Center for the purposes of public comment and education. Authors / publishers may submit books for consideration of inclusion here.

TERMS OF USE: Read full terms of use. Citations of text from NaturalPedia must include: 1) Full credit to the original author and book title. 2) Secondary credit to the Natural News Naturalpedia as a research resource and a link to www.NaturalNews.com/np/index.html

This unique compilation of research is copyright (c) 2008 by the non-profit Consumer Wellness Center.

ABOUT THE CREATOR OF NATURALPEDIA: Mike Adams, the creator of this NaturalNews Naturalpedia, is the editor of NaturalNews.com, the internet's top natural health news site, creator of the Honest Food Guide (www.HonestFoodGuide.org), a free downloadable consumer food guide based on natural health principles, author of Grocery Warning, The 7 Laws of Nutrition, Natural Health Solutions, and many other books available at www.TruthPublishing.com, creator of the earth-friendly EcoLEDs company (www.EcoLEDs.com) that manufactures energy-efficient LED lighting products, founder of Arial Software (www.ArialSoftware.com), a permission e-mail technology company, creator of the CounterThink Cartoon series (www.NaturalNews.com/index-cartoons.html) and author of over 1,500 articles, interviews, special reports and reference guides available at www.NaturalNews.com. Adams' personal philosophy and health statistics are available at www.HealthRanger.org.