Mark Schapiro
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 The reason that we don't have even more alternatives is that green chemistry has not yet matured as a science," commented John Warner, director of the Center for Green chemistry at UML. "Chemists are trained to create new molecules. . . . We've gotten pretty good at identifying problems with chemicals, whether the combination of molecules creates carcinogens or neurotoxins. But what we're not doing is talking about how to make that molecule not do that. |
| She has been studying chemistry at the university in
Bari in the hopes of becoming a biologist, and so is coming to understand how chemicals work with one another and within the body. She had just taken an exam in her chemistry class. "My first exam was about how the cells work in order to create the human body," she told me. "After that exam, I really appreciated what endocrine disrupters are, and how they work."4
We subsequently engaged in an ongoing e-mail dialogue, in which Ms. Bruno expressed her rising frustration as her knowledge of chemicals increased. |
| His background is in chemistry, and he is not used to making history. He expressed great respect for the data that had been collected by the EPA on lindane, and which was made available to him by Janice Jensen—data that had contributed to Mexico's decision to ban the pesticide, and subsequently to the global community's decision to consider it for worldwide elimination.
But Yarto was also aware, as were many others in the room that day, of the leap into a new era his country's position on lindane represented—particularly in the long-standing reliance Mexico has had on the United States. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 If you had to buy this chemistry from a pharmaceutical company, it might cost you $50,000. But you can generate it for free, right now, by simply clicking this link: http://www.newstarget.com/gallery/articles/Hilarious_Dance.gif
(It's true. This image is worth at least $50,000 in happy brain chemicals. Don't believe me? Click it yourself and see...)
It's perfectly safe to click the link above. I promise. Your brain can't wait to find out how fun this image is going to be! Go ahead, click it now. Why wait? |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 I've often stated that for every minute of laughter, you produce somewhere around $10,000 worth of healthy body chemistry, and what I mean is that if you had to go out and actually purchase these refined chemical compounds from labs or pharmaceutical companies, you would have to pay at least $10,000 for the very same chemistry that your brain is producing free of charge when you engage in laughter.
Some of these are brain-altering chemicals such as serotonin; others are immune-boosting chemicals such as interleukins. |
Mark Schapiro
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| The chemical imprints in our blood have prompted a reassessment, in Europe, of chemistry's magic.
For a quarter-century, the Bruno family and other Europeans have relied on principles of regulation based substantially on those of the United States for their protection from chemical hazards. The Toxic Substances Control Act, or TSCA, was passed by Congress in 1976, six years after President Richard Nixon created the EPA. |
| The Toy Industry of America, along with the American chemistry Council, the California Chamber of Commerce, and local toy stores sued the city to try and block its implementation on the grounds that, on such matters, city law is preempted by the federal consumer Product Safety Commission.47
The case was pending as the law took effect in January 2007— when residents of San Francisco became the only Americans in the country who could shop with some level of certainty that the toys purchased for their children would contain no phthalates. |
| She had just taken an exam in her chemistry class. "My first exam was about how the cells work in order to create the human body," she told me. "After that exam, I really appreciated what endocrine disrupters are, and how they work."4
We subsequently engaged in an ongoing e-mail dialogue, in which Ms. Bruno expressed her rising frustration as her knowledge of chemicals increased. She wrote of the mystifying double life of chemicals in the just slightly imperfect English that can humble any of us who have tried to actually write in a foreign language. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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| That's some serious exercise, and it's the kind of exercise in which we should all engage on a regular basis.
The chemistry of laughter
Now let's look at the biochemical impact of laughter. When you laugh, there's a lot more going on in your body than just the physical effect. You're also experiencing a biochemical benefit.
Your body manufactures chemicals based on certain needs and then distributes them throughout your body. When you laugh, you generate a wealth of healing biochemicals. |
Bryan Hanson, PhD
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 American Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated and Descriptive Guide to the American Plants Used As Homeopathic Remedies: Their History, Preparation, chemistry and Physiological Effects. New York: Boerick & Tafel, 1887. Vol. 1, pi. no. 60.)
Amino Acids and Proteins
Amino acids are, as the name indicates, molecules containing the amine and carboxylic acid functional groups. Their main role in both plants and animals is to be building blocks for proteins, which are polymers (long chains) composed of dozens to hundreds of amino acids. |
| Polarity
Polarity is a very important concept in chemistry and pharmacology. Among other things, polarity determines if a molecule will dissolve in water and if it can pass the membrane that surrounds the human brain—two properties that are critical in getting drugs to where
FIGURE 3.25. Cyclohexane boats, a: the boat; b: a boat embedded in quinine.
Cinchona major. (Source: Woodville, William. Medical Botany containing systematic and general descriptions, with pl. |
| Quantum mechanics is a particular area of knowledge shared by chemistry and physics that deals with the behavior of electrons. The mathematical foundations of the theory are quite complex. Fortunately, we can jump straight to the important results of the theory.5
Quantum mechanics tells us that electrons are found in orbitals. Orbitals are extremely important because they turn out to be the basis for the chemical bonding we are discussing. An orbital is defined as a region in space, around the nucleus of an atom, where an electron is likely to be located. |
| By symbolism I mean the formulas and structures and everything conceptual that is implied by them (there's a lot of symbolic math in chemistry too, but we won't worry about that). We encounter signs and symbols all the time, but they are familiar. We cease to think about them; we just react. Our system of traffic signs is one example of symbols with specific meanings and implications. Fail to stop at a stop sign and you might hit another vehicle, but we hardly think about this—we just do it. |
| The chemistry and Biology of Ginkgo
Along with its interesting history, the ginkgo tree has some interesting biology. The male and female reproductive organs occur on different trees, so there are male trees and female trees (most tree species have both sexes on the same tree). Although the tree is very beautiful, the female tree produces very odorous berries that make it undesirable for landscaping use in areas where there is foot traffic. Like any plant, ginkgo is a virtual chemical soup of compounds. |
Jack Challem
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 Our Amazing Neurotransmitters
Our moods, thoughts, and memories are ultimately based on the chemistry of the brain. This isn't meant to belittle the importance of your feelings, your thoughts, or your uniqueness as a human being. Your feelings are as real as the book you're holding, your computer, or your car. My point is simply that the workings of your brain are the result of chemical reactions shaped by your diet, your genetics, and your experiences. For example, your experiences influence your brain chemistry, and your brain chemistry affects your moods and reactions. |
Bryan Hanson, PhD
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| Their chemistry is complex too—they are readily oxidized upon exposure to air and warmth and in some cases readily form dimers.23 Thus, the storage and processing history of an herb containing quinones can significantly affect its medicinal properties. Glucofrangulin A (see Figure 4.30), a diglucoside, is found in the dried bark of buckthorn (Rham-nusfrangula) and is one of several related compounds responsible for the laxative properties of this plant. Hypericin is found in St. |
David Steinman
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 Green chemistry is defined as the efficient, pollution-free production of industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and consumer products. The genius of green chemistry is to find ways "to develop ever-better chemical products and processes that require fewer reagents, less solvent, and less energy to produce, while being safer, generating less waste, and increasing profitability," said Science & Technology.11
The concept of green chemistry was formally established at the Environmental Protection Agency about fifteen years ago in response to the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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 For instance, FDA scientists at the Division of Food chemistry and Technology and the Division of Contaminants chemistry called for mandatory review, stating that 'every transformant should be evaluated before it enters the marketplace.'10 Dr. Samuel Shibko, Director of the Division of Toxi-cological Review and Evaluation, recommended 'a limited traditional toxicological study with the edible part of the plant,' as well as 'limited studies in humans' and in vitro geno-toxicity tests. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 These results indicate that the presence of lipid can markedly alter the protective effects of antioxidants with respect to potentially carcinogenic nitrosative chemistry occurring in the human stomach, and illustrate how a diet rich in lipids can directly influence gastric biochemistry," said lead author Emilie Combet.
Lipids are substances of the fat group and are insoluble in water. |
Pam Montgomery
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 Scientist James Oschman says, "Mechanists hold that life obeys the laws of chemistry and physics, and will ultimately be totally explained by those laws. In contrast, vitalists have historically held to the belief that life will never be explained by normal physics and chemistry, and that there is some kind of mysterious 'life force' that is separate from the known laws of nature and that distinguishes living from nonliving matter. This concept is ancient and universal, appearing in some form or another in many different cultures and religions." Similarly, Gita Elgin, Ph.D. |
Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD
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 Medicinal chemistry of nicotinamide in the treatment of ischemia and reperfusion. Mini Reviews in Medicinal chemistry 2002;2:125-34.
16 Yang J, Adams JD. Nicotinamide and its pharmacological properties for clinical therapy. Drug Design Reviews 2004;1:43-52.
*7 Levenson CW. Zinc Supplementation: Neuroprotective or neurotoxic? Nutrition Reviews 2005;63:122-25.
18 Condorelli L. Nicotinic acid in the therapy of the cardiovascular apparatus. In: Niacin in Vascular Disorders and Hyperlipemia. Altschul R (ed.). Springfield, IL: CC Thomas, 1964. |
Lynne McTaggart
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 Quantum physics is accepted as the most accurate means of describing how atoms turn into molecules, he wrote, and since molecular relationship is the basis of all chemistry, and chemistry is the basis of biology, the magic of entanglement could well be the key to life itself.13
Vedral and a number of others in his circle did not believe that this effect was unique to holmium. |
Wendy Bazilian, DRPH, MA, RD, Steven Pratt, MD, Kathy Matthews
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 We don't need to go into great detail about these particular substances and their unique effects on your metabolism but you should know that scientists now recognize that the chemistry of weight gain and weight loss is far more subtle and complicated than first believed. And it's this complicated chemistry that opens the door to SuperNutrients having a real effect on weight gain and loss.
Here's a comment from the author of one large research study about the American diet: "A large proportion of Americans are undernourished in terms of vitamins and minerals. |
Lynne McTaggart
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| Quantum physics is accepted as the most accurate means of describing how atoms turn into molecules, he wrote, and since molecular relationship is the basis of all chemistry, and chemistry is the basis of biology, the magic of entanglement could well be the key to life itself.13
Vedral and a number of others in his circle did not believe that this effect was unique to holmium. |
Michael Pollan
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 In describing their respective roles, I'm going to simplify the chemistry somewhat. For a more complete (and fascinating) account of the biochemistry of these fats and the story of their discovery read Susan Airport's The Queen of Fats.*
Omega-3 s appear to play an important role in neurological development and processing (the highest concentrations of omega-3 s in humans are found in the tissues of the brain and
*Alpha-hnolenic acid is the omega-3 fatty acid found in all green plants; it is the most common fat in nature. |
Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD
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| Dr Bernard Rimland, author of Infantile Autism, further explains the meaning of orthomolecular substances and contrasts the practice of 'orthomolecular' medicine with 'toximolecular' medicine:" 'Ortho' means straight, or correct, and 'molecular' refers to the chemistry of the body. 'Orthomolecular' thus means correcting the chemistry of the body. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 In October 2005, the American chemistry Council gave the EPA $2.1 million to study how children ranging from infancy to three years old ingest, inhale or absorb chemicals. Like IG Farben was for the German pharmaceutical companies of Nazi Germany, the American chemistry Council acts much like a front group for chemical industry bigwigs like Bayer (which was incidentally also a member of IG Farben), BP, Chevron, Dow, DuPont, Exxon, Honeywell, 3M, Monsanto and Procter & Gamble. Studies have already proven that the chemicals made by these companies have long-term effects on children and adults. |
Lynne Mctaggart
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 It fascinated him that gases with such disparate chemistry as nitrous oxide
(N20), ether (CH3CHiOCH2CH3), halothane (CF3CHClBr), chloroform (CHCI3) and isoflurane (CHF2OCHClCF3) could all bring about loss of consciousness.32 It must have something to do with some property besides chemistry. Hameroff guessed that general anesthetics must interfere with the electrical activity within the microtubules, and this activity would turn off consciousness. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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| For instance, FDA scientists at the Division of Food chemistry and Technology and the Division of Contaminants chemistry called for mandatory review, stating that 'every transformant should be evaluated before it enters the marketplace.'10 Dr. Samuel Shibko, Director of the Division of Toxi-cological Review and Evaluation, recommended 'a limited traditional toxicological study with the edible part of the plant,' as well as 'limited studies in humans' and in vitro geno-toxicity tests. |
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