Joan Liebmann-Smith, Ph. D., and Jacqueline Nardi Egan
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 Thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple)
Epiglottis
Esophagus Trachea Spjnal cord
Thyroid gland
THROAT AND NECK ANATOMY
NECK, THROAT, AND JAW
LUMPS ON THE FRONT OF THE NECK
If you have a lump on your throat that's always been there, it's most likely your Adam's apple. The Adam's apple is actually thyroid cartilage, which is the largest of the five cartilages that make up the voice box (larynx). The thyroid cartilage is not the same thing as the thyroid gland, although they're very near each other. Even Eves have Adam's apples, but they're usually smaller than those in men. |
Bill Sardi
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 Adding more cartilage to the human body doesn't block cancer. The body produces its own cartilage from vitamin C and amino acids. But desperate cancer patients were misled for a time. The use of shark cartilage has waned in recent times.
Rife therapy
Developed by Dr. Royal Rife in the 1930s, this therapy utilizes a sound and light frequency generator to kill cancer cells. Still widely promoted in underground cancer
A story
Raul was a young, newly married man, who developed testicular cancer. A diet of southern fried foods didn't help his condition. |
| Anticancer Research 21: 10565-69, 2001] cartilage is tissue that does not contain any blood vessels, and thus it is low in iron content. Iron is required for tumor cells to grow, which explains why tumor cells don't grow in connective tissues. cartilage inhibits the formation of new blood vessels which are required for tumor growth. But shark cartilage has not been proven in clinical trials to be of much benefit. [Biol Pharm Bulletin 24: 1097-101,2001]
HA's dual role
HA has a dual nature in regard to cancer. |
Kevin Trudeau
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 Additional research has suggested that shark cartilage also would shrink cancers. More research needs to be done. When I make statements like this, many times I am attacked. People say that the studies on shark cartilage do not prove that they shrunk cancers. The response is simple: the studies that were done that show things like shark cartilage not reducing cancers are done with an inferior grade of shark cartilage produced in a way so that it becomes non-effective. This is done purposely by the drug companies to discredit the natural products. |
Andreas Moritz
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 It occurs when the renewal of articular cartilage (a smooth, strong surface, covering bones that are in contact with other bones) does not keep pace with its removal. The articular cartilage gradually becomes thinner until, eventually, the bony articular surfaces come into contact, and the bones begin to degenerate. Abnormal bone repair and chronic inflammation may follow this form of damage. Like most diseases, this symptom results from a long-standing digestive disorder. |
Bottom Line Health
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| Glucosamine sulfate, derived from crab, lobster or shrimp shells, and chondroitin sulfate, usually derived from shark cartilage, can be taken separately or together to supply the nutritional building blocks that are needed for new cartilage.
Typical dose: 1,500 mg daily, which often can be reduced to 500 mg when symptoms improve.
Important: It can take six to eight weeks for glucosamine and chondroitin to take full effect.
AT-HOME PHYSICAL THERAPY
In addition to taking natural painkillers, try these therapies...
•Hot/cold therapy. |
James Dowd and Diane Stafford
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 Osteoarthritis (OA)—classically described as degeneration of the cartilage in the knees—is what most people think of as simple "wear and tear." In other words, your cartilage is wearing out, so you're going to have pain, like it or not. There is some truth to this, but what's far more important is that certain precautions will keep you from developing osteoarthritis in the first place.
Genetics plays a role. |
Frederic Vagnini, M.D. and Barry Fox, Ph.D.
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 It's a disease of the cartilage, the perfecdy smooth and incredibly slick surface that cushions the ends of the bones within a joint. cartilage allows the bone ends to slide smoothly across each other, and it absorbs the shock associated with weight-bearing movement. In OA, the cartilage becomes weak, pitted, rough, or cracked. It no longer cushions the bone ends properly or absorbs shock when you use the joint. The bone ends can rub against each other, weaken, and develop little bumps of bony overgrowth. The result is pain and difficulty moving the joint. |
Bill Sardi
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| Iron is required for tumor cells to grow, which explains why tumor cells don't grow in connective tissues. cartilage inhibits the formation of new blood vessels which are required for tumor growth. But shark cartilage has not been proven in clinical trials to be of much benefit. [Biol Pharm Bulletin 24: 1097-101,2001]
HA's dual role
HA has a dual nature in regard to cancer. |
Andreas Moritz
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| The articular cartilage gradually becomes thinner until, eventually, the bony articular surfaces come into contact, and the bones begin to degenerate. Abnormal bone repair and chronic inflammation may follow this form of damage. Like most diseases, this symptom results from a long-standing digestive disorder. As fewer nutrients are absorbed and distributed for tissue building, it becomes increasingly difficult to maintain healthy sustenance of bone and articular cartilage. |
Bill Sardi
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| The body produces its own cartilage from vitamin C and amino acids. But desperate cancer patients were misled for a time. The use of shark cartilage has waned in recent times.
Rife therapy
Developed by Dr. Royal Rife in the 1930s, this therapy utilizes a sound and light frequency generator to kill cancer cells. Still widely promoted in underground cancer
A story
Raul was a young, newly married man, who developed testicular cancer. A diet of southern fried foods didn't help his condition. |
Dawson Church
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 Many of his patients had degeneration or damage to the cartilage in their knees, and there were two possible surgical procedures that might help.
The first was debridement. In this procedure, incisions are made on both sides of the kneecap and the strands of cartilage are scraped off the surfaces of the knee joint. The second common surgery is called lavage. High-pressure water is injected through the knee joint, flushing out all the old material in the joint.
To control for the placebo effect, Dr. Mosely instituted a third group. This group received neither debridement nor lavage. |
Hyla Cass, M.D.
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 Glucosamine/Chondroitin
Both of these substances are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), building materials for making cartilage. Using both together can reduce pain and promote joint healing in arthritis—with pain relief benefits rivaling those of the NSAIDs, without those drugs' liabilities.
In the biggest study on the subject, a $12.5 million study performed by the National Institutes of Health, 67 percent of 1,583 participants who took both glucosamine (1,500 mg) and chondroitin (1,200 mg) daily had reduced pain. |
Ray D. Strand
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 Have you ever wondered what exactly is causing the inflammation and how this leads to damage of the cartilage? The answer is a multifaceted one, because there are actually several sources for inflammation that occur within the joint, as you can see in the box below.
Causes of Inflammation in Our Joints
Cytokines are some of the leading causes of joint inflammation. These proteins carry messages between cells and regulate immunity and inflammation. Two of the most important cytokines are tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin one beta (1MB). |
| Without this important nutrient the cartilage becomes drier and more fragile.
I personally feel that the most important nutrient is still glucosamine sulfate. Oral chondroitin needs to be studied more thoroughly in larger number of patients, allowing more plausible evidence as to whether chondroitin is really a player or not. I also believe MSM (a natural anti-inflammatory) needs to be studied more thoroughly. But I have had several patients who experienced a significant response when they added it to their regime. |
| What was even more impressive was the fact that there was evidence of actual cartilage regrowth—-just as in Peggie's case. The placebo group members, who took the traditional NSAIDS, continued to experience rapid deterioration of their joints."
This study, along with several others, has shown the significant health benefit for arthritis patients who take glucosamine sulfate supplements in the 1,500-2,000-mg range, with virtually no side effects. |
Lester A. Mitscher and Victoria Toews
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 Cetta reported that catechin supplements improved the bone structure and normalized the cartilage function of two patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. In a similar study, four girls aged four to twelve who were afflicted with the disease were treated with catechins over a period of several months. Their bone fractures greatly decreased in frequency, and microscopic analysis of their bones showed that many of the previously abnormal bone parameters had been normalized. Although further research is warranted, these case studies are promising.2
. |
Ray D. Strand
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| Pointing this out to Peggie, he explained that the increased separation of bone on her knee x-ray was evidence that the cartilage had grown back.
Peggie was not altogether surprised at these findings because she could feel the difference and had learned about this possibility during her research on nutritional medicine. The documented improvement from her doctor was just the icing on the cake.
Peggie continues to be active and does pretty much everything she desires to do (she still wears a knee brace for any aggressive sports), and she continues to take supplements. |
| Some say that it is broken down, then absorbed, and reassembled within the joint cartilage. I feel further studies are needed to determine its overall importance in the treatment of osteoarthritis.8
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a nutritional deficiency at literally epidemic proportions in the U.S. In one of the richest, most well-fed nations of the world, more than 25 million Americans are living with the crippling effects of osteoporosis at a cost of about $14 billion each year to the U.S. economy. At least 1. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 Osteoarthritis & Cartilage; 8:9-12. 2000.
Bone ME, Wilkinson DJ, Young JR et al.. Ginger root- a new antiemetic. The effect of Ginger root on postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynecological surgery. Anaesthesia 45:669-71. 1990.
Bordia A, Verma SK & Srivastava KC. Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary heart disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids; 56(5):379-384. 1997. |
| Exogenously administered GAGs concentrate in cartilage where they can be used in the synthesis of new cartilaginous matrix. The chondroprotective action of chondroitin sulfate has been demonstrated in vitro. Chondroitin sulfate inhibits the effect of leukocyte elastase, which can alter fundamental components of the cartilaginous matrix (proteoglycans and collagen fibers). Leukocyte elastase is found in high concentrations in the blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic diseases (Shankland 1998; Morreale et al 1996; Pipitone 1991). |
| Osteoarthritis Cartilage; 6(suppl A): 37-38. 1998
Coenzyme Q10 description
Coenzyme Q10 is a fat-soluble quinone that is synthesized intracellularly and participates in a variety of important cellular processes. It has vitamin-like characteristics and is structurally similar to vitamin K. Coenzyme Q10 is a vital component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, with the highest concentrations found in the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas. The total body content ranges from 0.5 to 1. |
| The sulfate salt of glucosamine forms half of the disaccharide subunit of keratan sulfate, which is decreased in osteoarthritis, and of hyaluronic acid, which is found in both articular cartilage and synovial fluid (Leffler et al 1999).
Supplemental glucosamine is generally used to reduce pain and immobility associated with osteoarthritis, especially in the knee joint. The supplements are usually derived from crab shells, although a corn source is also available. Most studies of osteoarthritis have used the sulfate form of glucosamine (D'Ambrosio et al 1981; Pujalte et al 1980). |
| Osteoarthritis Cartilage; 2:51-59. 1994
Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M et al: Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Afe/;162(18):2113-2123. 2002
Pujalte JM, Liavore EP, Ylescupidez FR: Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis. Curr Med Res Opin; 7(2): 110-114. |
Ray D. Strand
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| Unlike NSAIDS and aspirin, glucosamine does not simply cover up the pain but rather helps to rebuild the damaged cartilage. Early studies showed short-term benefits of the use of glucosamine sulfate; however, most physicians remained unimpressed.5
In 1999 a three-year, large, randomized-sample, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial (the sort of studies doctors really like) was reported at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 Carrying around unnaturally large amounts of weight puts undue strain on the joints and cartilage of the body. The most important thing you can do for your joint pain if you are overweight is to lose weight. Also sports injuries early in life have a tendency to spur osteoarthritis in later life. Based on this information you should think twice about pushing kids, especially reluctant ones, onto the playing field. In spite of popular myths to the contrary, there is no evidence that sports like running increase the risk for osteoarthritis. |
Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey
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 Practitioners of allopathic medicine admit that the causes of arthritis are unknown and speculate that it may have a hereditary genetic factor or be the result of an injury or disease processes that eventually cause the cartilage in joints to deteriorate. They identify aging as a major factor because the joints wear over time, especially in people who are obese. However, NES has gleaned clues from our own testing procedures that arthritis may occur as a bioenergetic consequence of compromised carbohydrate metabolism. |
| In addition, this Star, as a communication pathway, links to the tissue of ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, so it might be implicated bioenergetically in arthritis and other diseases of these tissues. It also correlates to a host of antiinflammatory hormones. For these reasons (increased blood flow and anti-inflammation) Energetic Star 6 might correlate to the alleviation of the pain associated with arthritis, but it is not considered a bioenergetic corrector in its own right for this condition. |
| Inflammation results, and ovet time cartilage and tissue begin to break down. Hence, the Cell Driver Infoceutical and to some extent also the Source Driver Infoceutical are primary correctors for the bioenergetic links to arthritic conditions, although the Energetic Star 6 Infoceutical, described in the following section, may prove beneficial as well.
Additional NES research suggests that many childhood disorders may have bioenergetic ties to inflammatory responses provoked by viral infections or even live inoculations. |
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