Wendy Bazilian, DRPH, MA, RD, Steven Pratt, MD, Kathy Matthews See book keywords and concepts | Serve with vegetables such as broccoli and tomatoes or whole grain crackers
Variation: For Tuna Spread, substitute 4 ounces of low-sodium canned tuna in spring water (drained) for the salmon. Use yogurt cheese for a thicker, creamier spread. vegetarian. superfast
Yogurt Banana Strawberry Spread
This spread is wonderful when served for breakfast on whole grain bread, waffles or pancakes or with whole grain chips or vegetables for a quick pick-me-up snack. | Tori Hudson, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Canned alba-core tuna (or white tuna) and tuna steaks are generally considered to be higher in mercury than light canned tuna. The USFDA currently recommends that pregnant women eat no more than six ounces of fish per week.
Over-the-Counter and Prescription Drugs
Seemingly harmless over-the-counter drugs like aspirin, taken by mothers in the first half of the pregnancy, have been linked to lower-than-average IQs in their offspring.136 Valium oil administered to egg-laying chickens induced impaired muscle cell development, suggesting potential harm from the use of Valium in pregnancy. | Dr. Steve Blake See book keywords and concepts | G R A I
N
S
V E G
F R U I
R o
T E I
JL 1w
E A T
Food
Whole-wheat bread White bread, enriched Oatmeal Corn tortillas Spaghetti noodles Spinach, cooked Broccoli, cooked Carrots, cooked Green beans, cooked Potato, cooked Apple Orange Strawberries Avocado
Milk, non-fat, fortified Cheddar cheese Pinto beans, cooked Tofu, extra firm Peanut butter, chunky Sunflower seeds, dried Ground beef, cooked Chicken breast, roasted 1 breast canned tuna % can
Hard-boiled egg 1 egg
Niacin
% cup 2 ounces
3.125 mg 6.25 mg 9.375 mg Graph 1-3 Niacin amounts in some common foods.
12. | Benjamin H. Natelson, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Lunch could consist of canned tuna fish or salmon with low-fat mayonnaise and cucumber slices on top of a slice of lettuce. For a change of pace, eat four to six slices of low-fat sliced cheese with mustard, or go with the tofu cheese. Use nuts as snacks if you get hungry between lunch and dinner. Dinner requires a bit more work in that you will have to prepare the main dish—either chicken, turkey, or fish. If you crave red meat, that's okay, but not more than once a week. Limiting red meat reduces your fat intake while still giving you a lot of protein.
Consider roasting a small turkey. | Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S. See book keywords and concepts | So are canned sardines, canned tuna, clams, cod, haddock, halibut, herring, lobster, oyster, perch, salmon, sea bass, and shrimp.
Krill Oil for PMS
EVER WONDER HOW wild salmon get that nice red color? It comes from a powerful antioxidant called astaxanl which just happens to be present in one of the things wild salmon eat: krill. (Farmed salmon don't eat krill, so they get their red color from astaxanthin supplements that may or may not be artificial—plus a nice dose of artificial color chosen from a Salmo-Farm color wheel. But don't get me started. | J. Douglas Bremner See book keywords and concepts | Watch out for the mercury in canned tuna. Keep weekly consumption to no more than three six-ounce servings of tuna per week, unless you are pregnant, in which case I recommend avoiding it altogether.
Watch out for fancy diets that promise too much. Treatments that promise you will drop more than a pound a week are too good to be true. You should not follow low-carbohydrate diets or other gimmicks. If you stop eating you won't necessarily lose weight; you will break down protein as quickly as fat. Foods with high fiber include brown bread, brown rice, and fruit. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Although canned tuna can make a tasteful and nutritious meal, many fish lovers will tell you that fresh fish is tastier, and it's even healthier, as the fresh tuna contains more ome^a-3 fatty acids than its canned counterpart.
HISTORY
Fresh tuna has been enjoyed by seacoast populations throughout recorded history. Smoked and pickled tuna were also popular in more ancient times. Appearing first in 1903, canned tuna is extremely popular throughout the world, and in the United States it is the most widely consumed fish of all. | | Tuna has become one of the most popular saltwater catches in the world, thanks in part to the commercial success of canned tuna. Although canned tuna can make a tasteful and nutritious meal, many fish lovers will tell you that fresh fish is tastier, and it's even healthier, as the fresh tuna contains more ome^a-3 fatty acids than its canned counterpart.
HISTORY
Fresh tuna has been enjoyed by seacoast populations throughout recorded history. Smoked and pickled tuna were also popular in more ancient times. | Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith See book keywords and concepts | Consumer and public health groups indicate that virtually every can of tuna is contaminated to some degree, and fish-safety experts now think pregnant women should avoid canned tuna entirely because there's no way to know for sure which cans contain the least amount of mercury. Moreover, we don't know about the safety of even brief exposure to a fetus. (For more information on fisheating safety, you may want to browse Environmental Defense's Web site and their "eco-best" and "eco-worst" fish at www.oceansalive.org. | Patricia Hausman & Judith Benn Hurley See book keywords and concepts | Tuna, Water-Packed
Before you reach for that jar of mayonnaise, let us put in a word for some more interesting ways to prepare canned tuna. They take no more time but make all the difference when it comes to flavor.
• Prepare tuna salad as you normally do, but substitute a lemon vinaigrette for that dull mayonnaise.
• Toss canned tuna with marinated artichoke hearts and blanched button mushrooms. Serve chilled on crisp romaine petals.
• Make a plain omelet and fill with mild white cheese, scallions, and canned tuna. | Steven G. Pratt, M.D. and Kathy Matthews See book keywords and concepts | Some tips on using canned tuna in your diet:
¦ Because of the potential mercury content adults shouldn't eat more than one can of tuna a week.
¦ Buy albacore tuna-it's the richest tuna source of omega-3 EFAs. » Buy tuna packed in spring water so you won't be getting extra fat.
¦ Low-salt canned tuna is best.
BENEFITS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
Here are some of the benefits you can enjoy from increasing your omega-3 fatty-acid intake by following the SuperFoods recommendation and adding wild salmon and other cold-water fish to your diet:
¦ Reduce your risk of coronary artery disease. | Jonny Bowden, M.A., C.N.S. See book keywords and concepts | Make a cabbage slaw and jazz it up with mint, cilantro, green onions, and a bit of lime juice. Put canned tuna or salmon and hard-boiled eggs on top.
Here are some other ideas.
• Make omelets with fillings like bacon and Swiss cheese, mushroom and avocado, goat cheese and mushrooms, spinach and feta, or bacon and avocado.
• Add chopped nuts or sunflower seeds to cottage cheese.
• Make a "wrap" out of sliced turkey with cream cheese inside.
• Make a "wrap" out of sliced roast beef with cheddar, scallions, and a drop of sour cream (if dairy is on your program).
• Try deviled eggs. | Russell L. Blaylock, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Large sea animals, such as sharks, swordfish, and large tuna have some of the highest mercury levels of any edible seafood—and the highest levels of all are found in whales. canned tuna is taken from smaller species and has considerably less mercury than larger tuna. Periodically, high mercury levels are also found in various fresh water species. This is especially a problem where hydroelectric plants have stagnated the waters, and where mercurial fungicides drain into lakes and streams near farmland. | Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN See book keywords and concepts | Although average Americans still won't accept soy protein in the form of a "Fake Steak," "Sham Ham" or "Foney Baloney" they don't seem to mind the fact that the industry has slipped "invisible" soys into every supermarket food imaginable, from Chef Boyardee ravioli to Bumblebee canned tuna. Provided that the prices are low, and flavor and textures remain familiar, soy is now perceived as a "healthful" additive—a "plus value. | | It's in Bumblebee canned tuna, Chef Boyardee Ravioli, Hershey's chocolate, Baskin Robbins ice cream, McDonald's and other fast food burgers, Pizza Hut pizza, many luncheon meats, most bread, muffins, donuts, lemonade mixes, hot chocolate, some baby foods, and tens of thousands of other popular products.
If you absolutely must keep soy out of your life or that of your children, memorize the following:
þ SOY GOES BY MANY ALIASES. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | Shrimp
Shrimp are second only to canned tuna as the most popular seafood in the United States. The firm, translucent flesh of raw shrimp sports a variable color palatte that can be pink, gray, brownish, or yellow, depending on the variety. Upon cooking, the flesh of these crustaceans typically becomes opaque and a cream or pinkish color.
At 3 to 4 inches in length and reddish pink in color, the deepwater shrimp, also referred to as the pink shrimp, is the most commonly available type in the United States. Giant tiger prawns are also becoming popular in the United States. | | They also feel that canned tuna, mahimahi, cod, and pollock should not be eaten more than once a month. According to these two research groups, fish considered safe for pregnant women include wild Pacific salmon, farm-raised trout and catfish, shrimp, flounder (summer), mid-Atlantic blue crab, and haddock.
To reduce your chances of eating fish that has been tainted with chemical toxins:
• Limit your intake of freshwater fish (particularly from inland lakes), as they are more
TABLE 16. | | In the United States, annual canned tuna consumption is estimated to be about 50 million cases, or roughly 28 percent of global consumption.
The major tuna-producing countries are Mexico, Thailand, the United States, Spain, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines.
NUTRITIONAL HIGHLIGHTS
Tuna is an excellent source of protein, potassium, selenium, and vitamin B12. In addition, tuna is a very good source of niacin and phosphorous. | Artemis P. Simopoulos, M.D., and Jo Robinson See book keywords and concepts | Americans eat more canned tuna fish than any other type of fish—about 800 million pounds a year. Canning subjects fish to high heat for long periods of time, altering its flavor and texture, but it does not destroy a significant amount of its omega-3 fatty acids. There is about the same amount of DHA and EPA in three ounces of canned tuna as there is in three ounces of fresh tuna.
Canned tuna varies in quality and price. "Solid white tuna," considered top-of-the-line, comes from albacore tuna. | by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | | SAFETY
Given the mercury content of tuna, especially larger varieties, you should not consume more than 12 ounces of fresh or canned tuna per week. This guideline is particularly important during pregnancy. Please also see page 530 for other safety concerns.
Common Crustaceans
Crustaceans are characterized by having segmented bodies and chitinous exoskeletons. Crustaceans can be divided according to size into two main groups. The larger group includes shrimp, lobsters, and crabs. | Jonathan V. Wright, M.D. and Alan R. Gaby, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Canned tuna, salmon, and other canned fish are OK. Beef and pork may be eaten unless specified otherwise. Lamb rarely causes allergic reactions, and may be used even when other meats are restricted. Also recommended are grain-and-bean casseroles (recipes may be found in vegetarian cookbooks).
Nuts and Seeds
You may eat nuts and seeds, either raw or roasted without salt or sugar. To prevent rancidity, nuts and seeds should be kept in an ait-tight container in the refrigerator. | Artemis P. Simopoulos, M.D., and Jo Robinson See book keywords and concepts | There is about the same amount of DHA and EPA in three ounces of canned tuna as there is in three ounces of fresh tuna.
Canned tuna varies in quality and price. "Solid white tuna," considered top-of-the-line, comes from albacore tuna. "Chunk light" tuna may contain irregular pieces of albacore, or it may come from yellowfin tuna or skipjack tuna. (Some people prefer the flavor of light tuna over solid white tuna.) "Flake" and "shredded" tuna, the least expensive varieties, are made from darker cuts of tuna or from irregular pieces. | Steven G. Pratt, M.D. and Kathy Matthews See book keywords and concepts | You can make salmon-burgers out of it that are irresistible. canned tuna is another good choice (although without the calcium boost). Just be sure to buy albacore tuna packed in spring water. Canned sardines are another excellent source of beneficial marine-derived fatty acids, vitamin D, plus the beneficial calcium from the hidden soft bones. Select sardines packed in tomato sauce for the added benefit of lycopene or soybean oil or olive oil. If you're a beginner at sardines, try the ones packed in olive oil; they have the best taste in my opinion. | | Low-salt canned tuna is best.
BENEFITS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
Here are some of the benefits you can enjoy from increasing your omega-3 fatty-acid intake by following the SuperFoods recommendation and adding wild salmon and other cold-water fish to your diet:
¦ Reduce your risk of coronary artery disease. We know that omega-3 fatty acids help to increase your HDL ("good" cholesterol), reduce your blood pressure, and stabilize your heartbeat, thus preventing one of the causes of fatal heart attacks: sudden cardiac arrhythmias. | Jean Carper See book keywords and concepts | Similarly, Harvard researchers suggested that eating six and a half ounces of canned tuna could "thin the blood" as much as taking an aspirin. The anticlotting effects came about four hours after eating the tuna. Also, subjects absorbed more of the oils from tuna than from fish-oil capsules.
• BOTTOM LINE: • You get a favorable antithrombotic effect from eating about three and a half ounces of fatty fish—such as mackerel, herring, salmon and sardines—or about six ounces of canned tuna.
Thumbs Up:
RED WINE'S WONDROUS ANTfCOAGULANT
A little red wine can often thin your blood, retarding clots. | Patricia Hausman & Judith Benn Hurley See book keywords and concepts | Toss canned tuna with marinated artichoke hearts and blanched button mushrooms. Serve chilled on crisp romaine petals.
• Make a plain omelet and fill with mild white cheese, scallions, and canned tuna.
Whitefish
Whitefish has a delicate troutlike flavor that calls for subtle seasonings such as lemon, parsley, almonds, asparagus, or mild white cheeses. Some other great ways to prepare it are:
• Stuff a whole gutted whitefish with sprigs of fresh dill. Rub the outside of the fish with olive oil, then grill until cooked through. Serve hot or cold. | Arthur C. Upton, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | | About twenty years ago, a group of cases of mercury poisoning occurred in the Midwest among people who ate canned tuna fish with a high mercury content. Although thousands of people had eaten the fish, only those who ate the tuna daily became ill.
(continued)
Box 5.3 NUTRITION AND NEUROTOXICITY (continued)
This example illustrates the importance of a varied diet. Not only are most fad diets lacking in certain nutrients, they may also unwittingly result in a dependence on a food that may contain toxins. | Dr. John Heinerman See book keywords and concepts | Note: For cats, use some canned tuna fish or salmon oil or water when adding 15 drops of this herbal mixture). "I also gave my dog some vitamin C capsules (600 mg.).
"By the end of the third day the swelling showed evidence of subsiding. The incision was also starting to close up. By the fourth day, the incision was totally closed and the toe was almost its normal size. I took my dog back to the vet clinic on the sixth day and the head doctor was dumbfounded at the condition of the toe. | | Essentially, canned tuna has two drawbacks, as we saw it. First, the vegetable oil it's packed in tends to rob the feline of vitamin E. Second, tuna ranks high on the list for mercury content. (A favorite joke of mine through the years has been that with so much mercury in a can of tuna, you can hang it outside the window on a string and use it as a crude thermometer if you don't have the real thing.) Much of the tuna used in cat food comes from the red-meat part of the fish, which contains considerably more toxins than the white-meat tuna that humans regularly consume. | Prevention Magazine See book keywords and concepts | Incidentally, if you're a fan of canned tuna, you're in luck since it also contains omega-3's. However, be sure to buy tuna packed in water. Three ounces contains 111 calories and less than 1 gram of fat, while the same amount of tuna canned in oil contains 168 calories and nearly 7 grams of fat.
(olds and Flu
Foods That Fjcht Infection
T
Ihe only way to avoid colds and flu entirely would be to become a hermit, living far from the sneezes of co-workers, the runny noses of children, and the coughs of strangers on city streets. |
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