Bromate

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Safe Food: Eating Wisely In A Risky World Michael F. Jacobson, Ph.D., Lisa Y. Lefferts and Anne Witte Garland See book keywords and concepts

Potassium bromate, an additive in flour that improves the texture and volume of bread, has caused cancer in laboratory animals and is classified as a possible human carcinogen. Most potassium bromate breaks down into relatively harmless potassium bromide during baking. But in 1990, after British scientists discovered tiny amounts of potassium bromate in bread in retail stores, the British government banned the use of the additive in flour. American bakers say that all the potassium bromate turns into potassium bromide when bread is baked.

The Detox Strategy: Vibrant Health in 5 Easy Steps Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith See book keywords and concepts

Avoid These high-fructose corn syrup hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated oils enriched and bleached flour artificial sweeteners (aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, and cyclamate potassium) monosodium glutamate (MSG) modified cornstarch sugar bromate olestra (brand name Olean) colorings known as FD&C Red No. 3, Yellow No. 6, Blue No. 1, Blue No. 2, and Green No. 3 Stock Up on Organic Herbs and Spices When it comes to condiments and spices, we often resort to items that are full of preservatives, additives, and refined sugars.

Safe Food: Eating Wisely In A Risky World Michael F. Jacobson, Ph.D., Lisa Y. Lefferts and Anne Witte Garland See book keywords and concepts

Most potassium bromate breaks down into relatively harmless potassium bromide during baking. But in 1990, after British scientists discovered tiny amounts of potassium bromate in bread in retail stores, the British government banned the use of the additive in flour. American bakers say that all the potassium bromate turns into potassium bromide when bread is baked. For its part, the FDA has simply said that its detection methods aren't as sensitive as those used by the British scientists.

Don't Go Shopping for Hair-Care Products Without Me Paula Begoun See book keywords and concepts

When the processing time is up, a neutralizer is used (often hydrogen peroxide or potassium bromate formulated at a low pH) to stop the reducing solution from acting on the hair. Then the disulfide bonds realign, hopefully into the new style dictated by the size, placement, and number of rods used, or the combing method used for the now-straightened contour of the hair. The rods OK, you've decided you can handle all the steps I've listed and you still want to do your perm at home. You must now consider some other issues that I haven't yet discussed.

Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives: A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Vitamin E Ruth Winter See book keywords and concepts

Sugar contaminated with potassium bromate caused a food poisoning outbreak in New Zealand. The lethal dose is not certain but two to four ounces of a 2 percent solution causes serious poisoning in children. Death in animals and man apparently is due to kidney failure, but central nervous system problems have been reported. Also used in permanent wave neutralizers. Topical application to abraded skin. Has also caused poisoning. Bromates may also cause skin eruptions. BROMELIN • Bromelain. A protein-digesting and milk-clotting enzyme found in pineapple.

A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Ruth Winter, M.S. See book keywords and concepts

Before 1940, bromate poisoning was rare, but when bromate was put into permanent wave neutralizers for home use, incidents became more common. Many manufacturers then substituted sodium perborate and sodium hexametaphosphate, a product used as a laundry detergent and in water softeners. PERMANENT WAVES • Cold Waves. Chemicals designed to "permanently" bend or curl the hair. Once done only in beauty parlors, kits have been developed for home use.

Staying Healthy with Nutrition: The Complete Guide to Diet and Nutritional Medicine Elson M. Haas, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

Bromines—calcium bromate, potassium brornate, brominated vegetable oil (BVO). The bromates are used in flours and breads as dough conditioners and maturing agents. Since they are used during processing, these ingredients may not be listed on the label. Bromination makes oils heavier so that they can evenly distribute flavoring in soft drinks, especially citrus and fruit-flavored beverages, as well as in ices, ice cream, and some baked goods. BVO also gives drinks a cloudy appearance, so it may make those artificial fruit drinks resemble natural fruit juice.

Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives: A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Vitamin E Ruth Winter See book keywords and concepts

SODIUM bromate • Inorganic salt. Colorless, odorless crystals that liberate oxygen. Used as a solvent. See Potassium bromate for toxicity. SODIUM BROMIDE • A sanitizing agent that requires adequate drainage, according to the FDA. SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE • Used to prevent salt and dry mixes from caking. No known toxicity. The final report to the FDA of the Select Committee on GRAS Substances stated in 1980 that it should continue its GRAS status with no limitations other than good manufacturing practices. SODIUM CAPRYL LACTYLATE • See Palm Oil. SODIUM CAPRYLATE • See Palm Oil.

A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Ruth Winter, M.S. See book keywords and concepts

SODIUM bromate • Inorganic salt. Colorless, odorless crystals that liberate oxygen. Used as a solvent. The CIR Expert Panel (see) says based on available data, it is safe as a cosmetic ingredient not to exceed 10.17 percent. See Potassium bromate for toxicity. SODIUM BUTYLPARABEN • See Parabens. SODIUM BUTYOXYETHOXY ACETATE • See Surfactants. SODIUM C12-15 ALKOXYPROPYL IMINODIPROPIONATE • The sodium salt of propionic acid (see). SODIUM C14-17 ALKYL SEC SULFONATE • See Alcohol and Sulfonated Oils. SODIUM C12-15 ALKYL SULFATE • See Sulfonated Oils.

Healing Children's Attention & Behavior Disorders Dr. Abram Hoffer, M.D., FRCP(C) See book keywords and concepts

One of the main additives used to improve the baking quality and cosmetic properties of white bread, potassium bromate, is being disallowed in Canada. Canned foods can be stored for years as can frozen foods. The least damaging way of storing food is to freeze it, followed by canning. Removing the enzymes and the reducing compounds will decrease the rate at which these foods oxidize. Removing vitamins and minerals will discourage bacteria and fungi, which must also have these nutrients to grow.

Safe Food: Eating Wisely In A Risky World Michael F. Jacobson, Ph.D., Lisa Y. Lefferts and Anne Witte Garland See book keywords and concepts

American bakers say that all the potassium bromate turns into potassium bromide when bread is baked. For its part, the FDA has simply said that its detection methods aren't as sensitive as those used by the British scientists. Although the risk isn't high enough to recommend avoiding products containing potassium bromate, the FDA needs to improve its detection methods and conduct studies to ensure that the levels that are present in our food are really safe.

But in 1990, after British scientists discovered tiny amounts of potassium bromate in bread in retail stores, the British government banned the use of the additive in flour. American bakers say that all the potassium bromate turns into potassium bromide when bread is baked. For its part, the FDA has simply said that its detection methods aren't as sensitive as those used by the British scientists.

Whole Foods Companion: A Guide For Adventurous Cooks, Curious Shoppers, and lovers of natural foods Dianne Onstad See book keywords and concepts

It may or may not contain potassium bromate to increase the gluten's elasticity. Durum flour is made of 100 percent durum wheat and is used primarily for whole-wheat pasta. Gluten flour is a mixture of wheat flour and gluten, the proteins of wheat that remain after the starch, bran, and germ are washed from the flour. Made to contain twice the gluten strength of regular bread flour, gluten flour is used as a strengthening agent with other flours that are low in gluten-producing potential. It is frequenrly found in commercial wheat bread and other baked goods.

Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human: A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances Committee on Comparative Toxicity of Naturally Occurring Carcinogens See book keywords and concepts

Update on potassium bromate. Cereal Food World 39(10):772. Kodell, R.L, and D.W. Gaylor. 1989. On the additive and multiplicative models of relative risk. Biom. J. 31:359-370. Kodell, RL., D.W. Gaylor, and J.J. Chen. 1990. Carcinogenic potency correlations: Real or artifactual? J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 32:1-9. Kodell, RL, D. Krewski, and J.M. Zielinski. 1991. Additive and multiplicative relative risk in the two-stage clonal expansion model of carcinogenesis. Risk Anal. 11:483-490. Kohn, M.C., and C.J. Portier. 1993.

The figure for the high consumer in the table corresponds to an upper bound consumer of bread (at 100 grams/day) with 50 [ig/kg potassium bromate (see, e.g., Dennis et al., 1994). Table 5-5 Continued 'From the NRC (1979b). These were similar to the results from a study by Market Research Corporation of America for the NRC (1978) Committee for a Study on Saccharin and Food Safety, but averages for teenage consumption (not reported in the table) were lower by factors of 2-3 for surveys done during the same period (see Morgan et al. 1982).

A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Ruth Winter, M.S. See book keywords and concepts

POTASSIUM bromate • Antiseptic and astringent in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and gargles as a 3 to 5 percent solution. Colorless or white crystals. Very toxic when taken internally. Burns and skin irritation have been reported from its industrial uses. In toothpaste it has been reported to have caused inflammation and bleeding of gums. It is a weak carcinogen in rats in oral feedings. Applied to the animal skin, it was not carcinogenic. The CIR Expert Panel says based on available data, it is safe as a cosmetic ingredient not to exceed 10.17 percent. POTASSIUM BUTYLPARABEN • See Parabens.

Safe Food: Eating Wisely In A Risky World Michael F. Jacobson, Ph.D., Lisa Y. Lefferts and Anne Witte Garland See book keywords and concepts

Although the risk isn't high enough to recommend avoiding products containing potassium bromate, the FDA needs to improve its detection methods and conduct studies to ensure that the levels that are present in our food are really safe. Ames has also argued that if we breed pest-resistant plants to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides, we will likely be breeding plants that have higher levels of natural toxins.

A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Ruth Winter, M.S. See book keywords and concepts

Chemicals in the neutralizer may be sodium or potassium bromate, sodium perborate, or hydrogen peroxide (see Permanent Wave Neutralizer). The thioglycolates are toxic and may cause skin irritation and low blood sugar. Among the injuries reported to the FDA were hair damage; swelling of legs and feet; eye irritations; rash in the area of the ears, neck, scalp, and forehead; and swelling of the eyelids. PEROXIDE • Used in hair bleaches. It is a strong oxidant and can injure the skin and eyes. Chemists are cautioned to wear rubber gloves and goggles when handling it.

Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human: A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances Committee on Comparative Toxicity of Naturally Occurring Carcinogens See book keywords and concepts

Potassium bromate' Saccharin - 1977' 120 "From WHO 1979. bLarger value from US EPA (1989a), lower value corresponds to more recent residue data and account for discontinued uses subsequent to the 1989 analysis (EPA 1992). CDHHS (1982). dDHHS (1991). "Average intake estimated by Fiirst et al. (1991) for industrialized countries. WHO (1988) estimated average intake via breast milk for nursing infants aged 0 to 6 months. 'From WHO (1988, 1993). A somewhat lower estimate (1.9 ug/kg-d) can be calculated from the figures of Rogan et al.

A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Ruth Winter, M.S. See book keywords and concepts

See Potassium bromate for toxicity. SODIUM BUTYLPARABEN • See Parabens. SODIUM BUTYOXYETHOXY ACETATE • See Surfactants. SODIUM C12-15 ALKOXYPROPYL IMINODIPROPIONATE • The sodium salt of propionic acid (see). SODIUM C14-17 ALKYL SEC SULFONATE • See Alcohol and Sulfonated Oils. SODIUM C12-15 ALKYL SULFATE • See Sulfonated Oils. SODIUM C12-18 ALKYL SULFATE • The sodium salt of the sulfate of a mixture of synthetic fatty alcohols with 12 to 18 carbons in the alkyl chain. See Sulfonated Oils. SODIUM C16-20 ALKYL SULFATE • See Sodium C12-15 Alkyl Sulfate.

Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives: A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Vitamin E Ruth Winter See book keywords and concepts

Legal allowance of potassium bromate is below 50 ppm in white flour and 75 ppm in whole wheat flour. Antiseptic and astringent in toothpaste, mouthwashes, and gargles as 3 to 5 percent solution. Colorless or white crystals. Very toxic when taken internally. Burns and skin irritation have been reported from its industtial uses. In toothpaste it has been reported to have caused inflammation and bleeding of gums. In 1980, the Ames Test (see) found it to be a mutagen.

Dr. Earl Mindell's Unsafe at Any Meal: How to Avoid Hidden Toxins in Your Food Earl Mindell and Hester Mundis See book keywords and concepts

It can claim "no preservatives" and still contain dough conditioners, such as potassium bromate (which has been known to cause central nervous system disorders and kidney problems) and sodium stearoyl lactylate, as well as chemical yeast nutrients such as calcium and ammonium sulfate (the former frequently used in wall plaster and the latter in fireproofing fabrics), among others. Minimize the Negatives ?If you are going to buy white bread, at least make sure that it is enriched, and has the lowest sodium and fat, the most added nutrients, and no BFIA. ?

BLEACHING AND MATURING AGENTS These agents improve the baking quality of flour by accelerating its oxidation while also functioning as yeast foods and dough conditioners (potassium bromate, potassium iodate, calcium peroxide, ammonium or calcium sulfate salts, ammonium phosphates). BUFFERS These are added to processed foods to control acidity or alkalinity (ammonium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium acid tartrate, sodium aluminum phosphate, tartaric acid).

Optimum Health - A Cardiologist's Prescription for Optimum Health Stephen T., M.D. Sinatra See book keywords and concepts

Be aware of the toxic ingredient aluminum, and be particularly cognizant of the use of white flour additives such as ammonium chloride, potassium bromate, and propionic acid (sodium or calcium propionate); these are all unnatural to living organisms. Just as industrial chemicals can pollute the environment, these chemicals pollute the body. We need to realize that additives and chemicals actually add nothing to the nutritional value of foods. They are frequently added to make inferior substances taste better. The far better option is to consider natural and organically grown foods.

The Politics of Cancer Revisited Samuel S. Epstein, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

Carcinogens in Preserved Foods: Additives: Some additives such as coal tar food colors, potassium bromate, and BHA are carcinogenic or have shown suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity. Products with such ingredients should not be eaten. Preserved foods: Especially in processed foods containing cured meats such as pep-peroni pizza, sausages, and luncheon meats, the presence of nitrite preservatives deserves caution. Nitrites interact with other secondary or tertiary amines in the food, especially following cooking, or in the stomach, to form carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Gary Nulls Ultimate Anti Aging Program Gary Null, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts

Not coincidentally, vitamins considered necessary for this enrichment are those most easily synthesized—barley malt, ferrous sulfate, niacin, thaimin mononitrite, riboflavin, corn syrup, partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening, yeast, salt, calcium sulfate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, mono- and diglycerides, whey, di-calcium phosphate, calcium propionate, and potassium bromate. One of the most common additives in processed foods is sugar. As a result the average American eats 160 pounds of sugar yearly.

Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives: A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Vitamin E Ruth Winter See book keywords and concepts

See bromate. CALCIUM CARBONATE • Chalk. Absorbent that removes shine from talc. A tasteless, odorless powder that occurs naturally in limestone, marble, and coral. Used as a white food dye and alkali to reduce acidity in wine up to 2.5 percent, a neutralizer for ice cream and in cream syrups up to .25 percent, in confections up to .25 percent, and in baking powder up to 50 percent. Employed as a carrier for bleaches. Once widely used as a white coloring in foods and cosmetics, the authorization by the FDA was withdrawn in 1988.

1001 Chemicals in Everyday Products Grace Ross Lewis See book keywords and concepts

Another example would be potassium bromate (a dough conditioner in bread, among other uses) which is not approved in England. 15. How many people are poisoned each year? There were nearly two million cases reported to poison control centers last year. Most were accidental poisonings of children under five. 16. What was the major cause of poisonings of children under the age of five? In most cases the children consumed too many vitamin or mineral pills. Iron pills look like candies and are very toxic in excessive amounts. 17. What are the symptoms of food allergy?

Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives: A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients Vitamin E Ruth Winter See book keywords and concepts

See Potassium bromate for toxicity. SODIUM BROMIDE • A sanitizing agent that requires adequate drainage, according to the FDA. SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE • Used to prevent salt and dry mixes from caking. No known toxicity. The final report to the FDA of the Select Committee on GRAS Substances stated in 1980 that it should continue its GRAS status with no limitations other than good manufacturing practices. SODIUM CAPRYL LACTYLATE • See Palm Oil. SODIUM CAPRYLATE • See Palm Oil. SODIUM CARBONATE • Soda Ash.

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