Gregg Braden See book keywords and concepts | Beyond the fact that all astronomy books written before 2006 are now obsolete, Pluto's new designation probably hasn't really rocked anyone's world.
In 1513, however, another astronomical discovery made us aware of a single fact that forever changed our view of the universe and, ultimately, ourselves. It was in that year that Nicolaus Copernicus, a lawyer studying astronomy in his spare time, devised his calculations proving that the sun, not the Earth, is the center of our solar system. | Alex Vilenkin See book keywords and concepts | In that remote epoch, astronomy will become a very boring subject. Apart from the giant galaxy resulting from our union with Andromeda and its dwarf satellites, the sky will be completely empty.2 We should enjoy the show while it lasts!
THE FINAL VERDICT
Our forecast for the universe would now be complete if the cosmological constant were truly a constant. But as we know, there are good reasons to believe that the vacuum energy density varies in a very wide range, taking different values in different parts of the universe. | | Without such magic objects, distance determination is notoriously difficult in astronomy.
Type la supernovae have nearly the same power because the exploding white dwarfs have the same mass, equal to the Chandrasekhar limit.6 Knowing the power, we can find the distance to the supernova, and once we know the distance, it is easy to find the time of the explosion—by just counting back the time it took light to traverse that distance. In addition, the reddening, or Doppler shift, of the light can be used to find how fast the universe was expanding at that time. | | Stephen Hawking
ALFONSO'S ADVICE
Alfonso the Wise, the thirteenth-century king of Castile, had a great respect for astronomy. And for a very practical reason: the knowledge of precise locations of planets on the sky was vital for casting accurate horoscopes. To improve their accuracy, Alfonso commissioned new astronomical tables based on Ptolemy's model of the universe—then the latest word in cosmology. | Joseph Campbell See book keywords and concepts | | The descent of the Occidental sciences from the heavens to the earth (from seventeenth-century astronomy to nineteenth-century biology), and their concentration today, at last, on man himself (in twentieth-century anthropology and psychology), mark the path of a prodigious transfer of the focal point of human wonder. Not the animal world, not the plant world, not the miracle of the spheres, but man himself is now the crucial mystery. | Gregg Braden See book keywords and concepts | It was in that year that Nicolaus Copernicus, a lawyer studying astronomy in his spare time, devised his calculations proving that the sun, not the Earth, is the center of our solar system.
While the idea had been proposed more than 1,700 years earlier by the Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, it was considered so outrageous that the philosophers and astronomers of his time created "reasons" to discredit what he'd found.
This is an example of a belief that did change our lives, and did so in a way that continues to this very day. | Dr. Arthur Janov See book keywords and concepts | To focus on dark matter, the history and the origins, is the domain of astronomy. The latter is strict science. The value of a science is only as good as its criteria of proof. If the proof in psychotherapy ignores history, if it is phenotypic and couched in ahistoric terms (for example, stopping alcohol for six months), it cannot succeed. It can only produce current temporary changes that cannot last because dark unconscious forces remain at work. | Mark Lynas See book keywords and concepts | They even, it has been suggested, understood astronomy and predicted lunar eclipses.
Yet by the time the Spanish invaded, the Classic Maya cities of Palenque and Tikal had already been abandoned for centuries, their tall pyramids crumbling into the advancing forest. Only a few farmers remained nearby, eking out a living from the poor soils by growing stunted maize and beans. | Roberta Bivins See book keywords and concepts | You will examine their improvements and methods in arithmetick and geometry, in trigonometry, mensuration, mechanicks, opticks, astronomy, and general physicks; their systems of morality, grammar, rhetorick and dialectick; their skill in chirurgery and medicine; and their advancement, whatever it may be, in anatomy and chemistry. |
The Search for Other WorldsFred Alan Wolf See book keywords and concepts | | Fred Hoyle, Plumian Professor of astronomy and founder of the Institute of Theoretical astronomy at Cambridge University, was knighted in 1972 and awarded a Royal Medal by the Queen of England. He is widely known both for his contributions in theoretical physics and astronomy and for his writing of fiction and nonfiction.
One of his novels, October the First Is Too Late,7 contains a real but quite bizarre possibility based on the parallel universes view of quantum physics. | Mike Adams, the Health Ranger See article keywords and concepts | Researching DNA is a lot like researching astronomy: the more we learn, the less we realize we know. It's as if every newly discovered fact unveils the existence of ten new questions we never knew existed.
The mainstream media, in its usual limited view, is reporting this discovery as a breakthrough that will help scientists develop new drugs to treat disease. Every "Eureka!" moment having anything to do with the genetic code seems to lead the mainstream media to the same advertiser-pleasing conclusion, but they haven't even begun to realize the big story here. | Alex Steffen See book keywords and concepts | Opposite, right: Amateur astronomy is another hobby that allows citizens to make a contribution to science, aiding astronomers in tracking new developments in the sky.
Citizen Science
¦¦¦¦ How do we keep up the pace of technological progress in a civilization that can't train specialists fast enough? In the twentieth century, we professionalized the narrowest of fields, creating expertise within medical, engineering, and scientific disciplines—a trend that offered great benefits, but also posed serious limitations. | Henry Hobhouse See book keywords and concepts | And this materialistic list takes no account of Chinese supremacy in astronomy, biology, medicine, or any other purely intellectual area.
China, a repository of arts and artifacts, of craftsmanship, design, ingenuity, and philosophy, was raped for a few years' increase in the national income of the white man. For a pot of tea, one could say, Chinese culture was nearly destroyed. Whether it will ever recover under the post-1950 regime is another matter, which has nothing to do with tea. The significant factor about the "new" China is unlikely to appeal to any old European "China hand. |
The Search for Other WorldsFred Alan Wolf See book keywords and concepts | | Fred Hoyle, Plumian Professor of astronomy and founder of the Institute of Theoretical astronomy at Cambridge University, was knighted in 1972 and awarded a Royal Medal by the Queen of England. He is widely known both for his contributions in theoretical physics and astronomy and for his writing of fiction and nonfiction.
One of his novels, October the First Is Too Late,7 contains a real but quite bizarre possibility based on the parallel universes view of quantum physics. | Henry Hobhouse See book keywords and concepts | Astrology was known, but not astronomy, and the Japanese could not construct a calendar without Dutch or Chinese help. They disputed with the Chinese the invention of printing, but the art was more advanced than in Europe, and they could print in full color. They were much addicted to poetry, music, and painting, and their textiles and ceramics were of a higher standard than those of Europe, if not comparable to the best in China. They were convinced of their natural superiority and of the unnecessary nature of foreign intercourse. | Kelly Patricia O'Meara See book keywords and concepts | In fact, one doctor explained the legitimacy of psychiatric diagnosing this way: "Psychiatry is to neurology what astrology is to astronomy."
Alleged psychiatric mental disorders are not based in science, and the APA has been good enough to make this point in the Introduction to the DSM-IV. "...a diagnosis does not carry any necessary implications regarding the cause of the individual's mental disorder or associated impairments. | Brian O'Leary See book keywords and concepts | As an enthusiastic astronomy graduate student at the University of California at Berkeley, I had sought an optical effect coming from the planet Venus which could reveal the presence of hexagonal water ice crystals in its cloud tops. Indeed I found something. But three years later, when I was an assistant professor of astronomy at Cornell University a graduate student and I didn't find it. As a cautious scientist, I fortunately hadn't come to any positive conclusions about the presence of ice the first time and awaited verification. | Gabriel Cousens, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | From the points of view of esoteric physics and astronomy, the sephirot are the spiritual blueprint of the macrocosm of the universe, the microcosm of the universe to its subatomic level, as well as the primal subtle anatomy of the human body. Modern string theory of physics supports this understanding. The theory of the relationship of the chakras and nadis to the sephirot is not a new understanding. The author has found confirmation of this model on a wall engraving at the Karnak Temple in Egypt which is estimated to have been built between 12,500 and 15,000 B.C. | Brian O'Leary See book keywords and concepts | After getting a Ph.D. in astronomy at the University of California in Berkeley, I became an astronaut and an Ivy League professor as a planetary scientist. Several years later I joined the physics faculty at Princeton University, where I worked with space visionary Gerard O'Neill on industrializing space. We discovered that this could be done cost-effectively if we use the resources of the Moon, asteroids and moons of Mars. Their light gravities and the availability of full-time solar energy in high orbits would allow the human economy to expand far beyond its terrestrial limits. | | The Caltech connection came from the 1970-71 academic year, when I had been a visiting faculty member there while on sabbatical leave from my position as assistant professor of astronomy at Cornell University alongside the late Carl Sagan. My purpose that year was to work as deputy team leader during the planning phases of imaging science on the Mariner 10 Venus-Mercury flyby. The team leader I assisted was a Caltech professor of geological and planetary sciences. After the mission in 1975, our team was awarded a NASA Distinguished Group Achievement Award. | | I had left the astronaut program the previous year to become an assistant professor of astronomy and space science at Cornell University. In various events we had attended, my dad and I hobnobbed with the likes of Werner von Braun, Walter Cronkite, Wally Schirra and Carl Sagan. This gave him great pleasure. And I had a lucrative contract with Houghton-Mifflin to publish my first book, The Making of An Ex-Astronaut. Although I had resigned from the astronaut program, he was proud of me nonetheless. | Ken Wilber See book keywords and concepts | We may find it more helpful to revert to our old comparison between Ptolemy's astronomy and Newton's conception of planetary motions. If predictive power were indeed the only criterion of truth, Ptolemy's astronomy would be no worse than Newton's. But if we compare Newton and Ptolemy in retrospect, we gain the clear impression that Newton's equations express the paths of the planets much more fully and correctly than Ptolemy's did, that Newton, so to speak, described the plan of nature's own construction. | Donald Ryan See book keywords and concepts | LOST a**
Lost and Found
As it has become clear that many ancient people had a serious and knowledgeable interest in astronomy, one field of archaeological inquiry has become increasingly legitimized. It's called archaeoas-tronomy: the study of how people in the past used astronomy. Related sites are being recognized regularly.
The site of Stonehenge is actually much more complicated than it first appears. The site was developed in several stages, the first being around 3100 B.C. | Brian O'Leary See book keywords and concepts | But three years later, when I was an assistant professor of astronomy at Cornell University a graduate student and I didn't find it. As a cautious scientist, I fortunately hadn't come to any positive conclusions about the presence of ice the first time and awaited verification. From both sets of observations we set an upper limit to the content of hexagonal ice crystals in the Venus cloudtops. Soon, another scientist discovered sulfuric acid droplets there instead. | | I had been invited as an astronomy lecturer on board the Society Explorer en route from Easter Island to Tahiti. Easter Island is one of the most isolated spots on Earth, a five hour flight from Santiago, Chile to the East, and another five hours from Papeete, Tahiti to the West. There I met up with my roommate Bengt Danielsson, a Swedish anthropologist and author, considered to be the foremost Western expert on Polynesia. Danielsson proved to be a treasure of information about the evolution of these cultures and their sometimes devastating interactions with Europeans and Americans. | James Trefil, Joseph F. Kett, and E. D. Hirsch See book keywords and concepts | Astrology, unlike astronomy, is not a scientific study and has been much criticized by scientists. (See zodiac.)
Athena (uh-thee-nuh) [Roman name Minerva] The Greek and Roman goddess of wisdom. She had an unusual birth, springing fully grown out of the forehead of her father, Zeus. Athena was one of the goddesses angered by the Judgment of Paris, a Trojan, and she therefore helped the Greeks in the ensuing Trojan War. Eventually, she became the protector of Odysseus on his journey home.
Athena was the guardian of the city of Athens, which was named in her honor. | E. D. Hirsch See book keywords and concepts | Jupiter In astronomy, the largest planet in the solar system; the fifth major planet from the sun. Jupiter is largely composed of gases. It is named after the ruler of the Roman gods (see Jupiter under "Mythology and Folklore"). Jupiter is visible from the earth.
Kelvin, Lord A British physicist of the nineteenth century. He was one of the founders of the modern science of thermodynamics. His full name was William Thompson, Lord Kelvin. (See Kelvin scale.)
Kelvin scale The standard temperature scale in scientific work, proposed by Lord Kelvin. | | In astronomy, an object so massive that nothing, not even light, can escape its gravitation. Black holes were given their name because they absorb all the light that falls on them. The existence of black holes was first predicted by the general theory of relativity, which states that gravity increases in proportion to mass, and mass increases in proportion to density. Black holes are thought to arise from the death of very massive stars. Astronomers expect to find many of them in the Milky Way. | | Kepler's three laws governing the motion of the planets made modern astronomy possible. His first law includes his discovery that the orbits of the planets are ellipses. kilogram A unit of mass in the metric system, equal to 1000 grams. The weight of a one-kilogram mass is slightly over two pounds. kilometer In the metric system, 1000 meters, or about five-eighths of a mile. kilowatt One thousand watts. (See power.) kinematics The study of motion, without reference to the influence of mass and force on motion. (Compare dynamics.) kinetic energy The energy an object has because of its motion. | William Duffy See book keywords and concepts | They used anesthetics; initiated the science of chemistry; discovered the concept of zero; rediscovered algebra; advanced in astronomy; discovered alcohol; produced fantastic work in metal and textiles, glass, pottery, and leatherwork; and manufactured paper after the fashion of. the Chinese. Of all their contributions to Western civilization, perhaps those of paper and sugar were eventually to have the greatest impact.
It is tempting to wonder, from eyewitness reports that turn up later, what role sugar played in the decline of the Arab Empire. |
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