Jeffrey M. Smith
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 But David Schubert points out, "Even extensive animal testing might not detect the consequences of deficiencies in beneficial plant products."98 In any case, extensive animal testing is not done for GM crops.
Beneficial compounds may change
A new science has emerged to study useful phytonutrients. A USDA Website reported, "On the cusp of the millennium, researchers are busily uncovering a host of beneficial compounds in plant foods... .They apparendy reduce risks of diseases of aging. |
| Monsanto Canada's NewLeaf-Y potatoes (Shepody)
This variety was approved without any animal testing whatsoever. Health Canada offered the following assumptions instead. "Amino acid sequence of the CrylllA protein ... closely related to the sequence of the same proteins that are present in strains of B. thuringiensis ... used for over 30 years ... did not show homologies with known mammalian protein toxins...not judged to have any potential for human toxicity ... history of known safe consumption. |
Stacy Malkan
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 The new amendment would ban animal testing of cosmetics, which was getting a lot of press attention, but it would also do something else that had slipped under the media radar: it would ban chemicals that were known or highly suspected of causing cancer, birth defects or genetic mutation from use in cosmetics. Two phthalates, DEHP and DBP, were on the prohibited list, along with hundreds of other chemicals. The phthalates were classified as Class 2 reproductive toxicants in the EU, meaning they were highly suspected of causing reproductive damage. |
Andreas Moritz
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 Using animals to find out whether these foods are poisonous or not is cruel and I don't advocate animal testing. I have reasons to believe that all man-made foods have harmful effects on the human body, and I therefore recommend to avoid eating them.)
Not all governments support this disconcerting trend. According to an August 2004 issue of the Guardian, some few health-conscious governments in Europe that are less dominated by the food industry and big pharmaceutical companies, are beginning to protect their people from obvious harmful practices. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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| Without full animal testing, we don't even know which diseases to look for in people." If GM crops created a new disease, it would not have an established surveillance system. In fact, most existing diseases do not have any effective surveillance systems in place, making it hard to identify a change.
Carman points out that, "The HIV/AIDS epidemic went unnoticed for decades, even though it created memorable secondary infections ... and had a focus in young gay men who tended to cluster geographically and see the same doctors. It was largely picked-up by chance ... |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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 Immune system: In vitro and in animal testing, depending on the tissue, the immune system was significantly suppressed after cannaboid administration.
Antimicrobial action: CBC, CBDA, CBG and d-9-tetrahy-drocannabinol displayed antibacterial effects. CBC and d-9-tetrahydrocannabinol are bacteriostatic and bactericidal against streptococci and staphylococci.
Tumor inhibiting effect: The in-vitro inhibiting effect of d-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, d-8-tetrahydrocannabinol and CBN on the growth of transplanted lung tumors has been documented. |
David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG
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 ANIMAL TESTING FOR TOXICITY
I find the degree of animal testing in the world of pharmacology to be pornographic. However, in the overview of herbal science that makes up the first part of this book, it proved essential to refer to animal studies, because at present, bioscience is largely dependent on this research method. In any case, here is not the place to enter the debate about vivisection. The material that follows is intended to inform the reader, not serve as advocacy for animal testing.
Animal tests for toxicity are conducted prior to human clinical investigations. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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| In any case, extensive animal testing is not done for GM crops.
Beneficial compounds may change
A new science has emerged to study useful phytonutrients. A USDA Website reported, "On the cusp of the millennium, researchers are busily uncovering a host of beneficial compounds in plant foods... .They apparendy reduce risks of diseases of aging. For example, the isoflavones in soy products may reduce the risk of heart disease, osteoporosis, and several types of cancer. |
Paula Begoun
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 Beauty Without Cruelty is one of the few companies that has a strict, rigorously defined position concerning animal testing. Its products are not tested on animals and none of them contain animal by-products. However, the company's claim that none of the ingredients it uses has been tested on animals since the 1960s is disingenuous. Several of their skin-care products contain ingredients that have been shown to be effective through animal testing done in the 1990s, including sunscreen, vitamin C, and alpha hydroxy acids. |
Ann N. Martin
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 The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection has uncovered alarming evidence of animal testing by pet food manufacturers not only in the United States but internationally.
In research funded by Alpo Pet Foods, USA, "9 dogs had their stomachs opened up and a tube sewn in connecting the small intestines with the outside of the body. |
| Animal People, an on-line organization devoted to the health and welfare of pets, reported in June 2001 that P&G stated its intention to phase out animal testing as fast as alternatives can be developed and approved by regulators. According to P&G, "The new code of ethics reflects the decision made two years ago by lams to start no further studies which required euthanasia of cats and dogs. It applies to all lams research in the development of pet food, regardless of whether it is conducted by universiries, our own scientists, or others. |
| Although P&G has stated that the company will phase out animal testing, this does not cover the testing done by outside laboratories. P&G claims it has no way of knowing exactly how many animals these outside labs might use in various experiments for the company. P&G contracts out animal research to various labs when the company does not have enough technicians available. Outside labs "would only report to us the number (animals) used in a final protocol," states Katherine Stitzel, Associate Director at P&G, also claiming that P&G would not know how these tests were conducted. |
by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.
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| Based on animal testing, at very high doses, methyl chavicol, an active component in essential oil of tarragon, can cause liver toxicity.
Thyme
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a small, evergreen shrub of the mint family that has tiny leaves with a minty, tealike flavor. Thyme leaves are curled and elliptically shaped, V$ inch long and Vi6 inch wide. The upper leaf is green-gray in color on top, with a whitish underside.
Delicate-looking and sporting a penetrating fragrance, thyme is an herb worth investigating if you are not familiar with it. |
Samuel S. Epstein, M.D.
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 The Practicality of Animal Testing
The practicality of animal testing is often challenged by industry on the grounds that too many new chemicals are being introduced into commerce each year to be handled by conventional animal testing and that the cost of such testing would be prohibitive. In fact, this has been used as one of the main arguments for the need for short-term tests.30 However, based on various recent estimates including those by the Council on Environmental Quality, it seems that the number of these new chemicals which actually reach commerce is under 700 annually. |
Paula Begoun
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| Several of their skin-care products contain ingredients that have been shown to be effective through animal testing done in the 1990s, including sunscreen, vitamin C, and alpha hydroxy acids. For more information about Beauty Without Cruelty, call (800) 227-5120 orvisitwww.beautywithoutcruelty.com.
What's Good About This Line: Generous-sized products at prices that are more than reasonable; styling products with very light, nonintrusive fragrance.
What's Not So Good About It: The essential oils in a few of the products can be a source of scalp irritation and itching. |
Greg Critser
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 Chemical assaying and animal testing keep most major teratogens out of the drug supply. (A notable exception is isotretinoin, or Accutane, for acne, which remains on the market, mainly for youth, because there are no other options for treatment of severe acne.) But there is a long streak of luck at play as well.
Will this pharmacological roll of the dice founder? |
D. Lindsey Berkson
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 The Food and Drug Administration (fda) and other government agencies review the testing done by the manufacturers, who test chemical products through animal trials. If animal testing is good enough for determining the safety of products that will ultimately be used by humans, we should be listening to what wildlife problems and the results of animal testing in the laboratory are telling us about hormone disruption.
In fact, research based on animal testing may even be underestimating the effect of estrogenic compounds. |
Mike Adams
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 Food Additives
While acesulfame-K generates nowhere near the number of health complaints as aspartame, it was nonetheless shown to produce tumors in animal testing. As described by Dr. H. J. Roberts in Aspartame: Is It Safe? :
Several potential problems associated with the use of acesulfame have been raised. They are based largely on animal studies since testing on humans remains limited.
• It stimulates insulin secretion in a dose-dependent fashion, thereby possibly aggravating reactive hypoglycemia ("low blood sugar attacks"). |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
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 Vitamin Ki (phylloquinone), given by parenteral or oral route, showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect both in the therapeutic and prophylactic animal testing (Eichbaum et al. 1979).
The suggested dose of vitamin K fot most people is 10 mg a day.
N-Acetyl-Cysteine Inhibits Nuclear Factor-Kappa Beta
N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is the acetylated form of the amino acid L-cysteine. It is an antioxidant that is helpful against viruses, acts to protect the liver, breaks up pulmonary and bronchial mucus, and boosts glutathione levels. |
C. P. Khare
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 Cannabis reduced intraoccular pressure; during the tests, intraoccular pressure dropped by 45 %•
The immune system was significantly suppressed after cannabinoid administration, in vitro, and in animal testing.
THC exhibited antibacterial effect against streptococci and staphylococci.
Most of the cannabinoids act on the CNS. The multiplicity of effects, possible interaction with cell-wall lipids or effects on prostaglandin-biosyn-thesis are yet to be established. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 And unfortunately, the FDA relies upon animal testing and animals react differently than humans do to everything.
Mike Adams: Isn't there any investigative body that can take a closer look at this without the influence of the dairy industry?
Robert Cohen: Not really -- that's not their role. Again, the United States Department of Agriculture, the USDA's role, is to protect those people manufacturing these products and to look after their best interests. So any state agency, any State Department of Agriculture is there to help the people producing the food. |
Gary Null
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| It is through animal testing that scientists find out whether a drug is safe enough to investigate as a medication for humans. In spite of the fact that these lipid-lowering drugs were causing cancer in animals, they were tested and released to the public as if they were safe. The researchers waffled when they reported on the possibility that lipid-lowering drugs could cause cancer. They said that "evidence of carcinogenicity of lipid-lowering drugs from clinical trials in humans is inconclusive because of inconsistent results and insufficient duration of follow-up. |
David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG
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| The material that follows is intended to inform the reader, not serve as advocacy for animal testing.
Animal tests for toxicity are conducted prior to human clinical investigations. For pesticides and industrial chemicals, human testing is rarely conducted, so animal test results are used to predict toxicity in humans. Methods to evaluate toxicity exist for a wide variety of toxic effects. Some procedures for routine safety testing have been standardized.
To be standardized, a test procedure must have scientific acceptance as the most meaningful assay for the toxic effect. |
Ruth Winter, M.S.
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 Most ingredients have been at some point tested on animals so you may want to look for "no new animal testing" to get a more accurate designation. CRYPTOCARYA MASSOY • The bark of this East Indian tree yields a volatile oil.
CRYSTALLINS • The protein found in the fiber cells of vertebrate eye lenses. It is used as a hair and skin conditioning ingredient.
CTFA • Abbreviation for Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association. CUBEB BERRIES • Piper cubeba. Tailed Pepper. Java Pepper. The mature, unripe dried fruit of a perennial vine grown in South Asia, Java, Sumatra, the Indies, and Sri Lanka. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 Cinnamon bark can contain the fungus Antrodia cinnamomea, producer of a substance that has been shown to kills leukemia cells in animal testing.
• Peptic ulcer. A compound found in cinnamon, propanoic acid, stops the formation of stomach ulcers without interfering with the production of gastric acid. This is important because treatments for ulcers that cause a shortage of gastric acid can lead to indigestion.
• Yeast infection. |
| Animal testing indicates that the formula taken as a whole slows down production of cholesterol in the liver, reducing the amount of available raw material to make acne-stimulating testosterone. The formula also lowers serum cholesterol.
No studies of the use of triphala in the treatment of constipation have been conducted, probably because the formula has been used for thousands of years as a strong laxative. The amalaki fruit in the formula helps prevent abdominal pain and spasms as the formula as a whole stimulates bowel movement. |
Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D.
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 Sapolsky, "these concepts are based on the results of animal testing. Maybe they won't carry over to humans. Besides, even if the same phenomenon applies to humans, it may not be possible to intervene clinically."
"But you're certain of these findings?" I asked.
"Every experiment we've done supports our thesis. And we've done numerous experiments. The science holds up perfectly."
I probed him for every possible detail. It quickly became apparent to me that he was, indeed, a brilliant scientist.
The clinical implications of what Dr. |
Earth RightH. Patricia Hynes
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| Booklet rates 1,300 household products based on their manufacturers' performance in areas like affirmative action, animal testing, and the environment. Condensed into a 22-item hot sheet for use in the supermarket: "The List." $5
Plastics: Bane or Boon?
If brewers were forbidden to put plastic nooses on six-packs of beer, if supermarkets were not allowed to wrap polyvinyl chloride film around everything in sight, if McDonalds restaurants could rediscover the paper plate, if the use of plastics were cut back to those things considered worth the social costs . .. |
Ruth Winter, M.S.
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| The board did, however, recommend that aspartame not be approved until further long-term animal testing could be conducted to rule out a possibility that aspartame might cause brain tumors. The FDA's Bureau of Foods reviewed the study data already available and concluded that the board's concern was unfounded. Aspartame was approved for use as a tabletop sweetener in certain dry foods on October 22, 1981. |
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