by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.
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| One of the greatest inventions in tea history occurred in 1904, at the Saint Louis World's Fair. Exhibitors from around the World brought their products to America's first World's Fair. One such merchant was Richard Blechynden, a tea plantation owner. Originally, he had planned to give away free samples of hot tea to fair visitors. But when a heat wave hit, no one was interested. To save his investment of Time and travel, he dumped a load of ice into the brewed tea and served the first "iced tea." It was the hit of the fair. |
| The World record was caught in 1977 in Nova Scotia, Canada, weighing in at 44 pounds, 6 ounces, and measuring nearly 4 feet long. Considering it takes five to seven years for a lobster to reach the weight of one pound, the best estimate is that it would take a lobster sixty to seventy years to reach forty pounds.
HISTORY
While Maine or Atlantic lobsters are now considered a luxury food, they were so plentiful at one Time that Native Americans used them to fertilize their fields and to bait their hooks for fishing. In colonial times, lobsters were considered "poor people's food. |
| Goat's Milk
In the United States, goat's milk is thought of as an alternative to cow's milk, but in most areas of the World, the opposite is true. But on a global level, more people drink goat's milk than cow's milk.
Most people assume that goat's milk has the same potent musky taste for which goat cheese is notorious. The truth is that good-quality goat's milk has a delicious, slightly sweet, and sometimes slightly salty taste.
HISTORY
Goats have played a role in food culture since Time immemorial; ancient cave paintings illustrate the hunting of goats. |
| It was improved upon by the Romans and later-day Italians and is now cultivated throughout the World. Broccoli was introduced to the United States in colonial times and popularized by Italian immigrants who brought this prized vegetable with them to the New World. But it was not a popular vegetable until the 1920s.
In 1923 D'Arrigo Bros. Company planted trial fields of Italian sprouting broccoli near San Jose, California, and later shipped the first ice-packed broccoli to eastern markets via railroad in the fall of 1924. |
| The fruit, the source of the world's chocolate and cocoa, appears in the form of green or sometimes maroon pods on the trunk of the tree and its main branches. Shaped a bit like tiny footballs, the pods ripen to a golden color or sometimes develop a scarlet hue with multicolored flecks. The Criollo produces a soft, thin-skinned pod, with a light color and a unique, pleasant aroma. The fruit of the Forastero is a thick-walled pod with a pungent aroma, and that of the Trinitario has characteristics that vary between the two but generally possesses a rich, aromatic flavor. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 In some parts of the developing World, hepatitis B is also spread by food and water contamination because of poor sanitation. While the virus sometimes persists for many years, most people recover within a year, compared with a usual recovery Time of six weeks for hepatitis A. Hepatitis B can cause cirrhosis and an increased susceptibility to liver cancer. Fortunately, there is a highly successful vaccination for hepatitis B.
Hepatitis C (formerly called non-A, non-B hepatitis) is carried by nearly 4 million people in the United States alone. |
| Garlic
Latin name: Allium sativa (Alliaceae [onion] family) Other common names: garlic bulb, garlic clove
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Garlic is a pungent herb used around the World in cooking and natural medicine. It is a bulbous perennial with a single stalk that grows to a height of from one to three feet (thirty to ninety centimeters), with green-white or sometimes pale pink flowers. The plant was originally found in Central Asia, where it is the most important herb in unani, or Persian, traditional herbal medicine.
EVIDENCE OF BENEFIT
Garlic is a popular herb for cardiovascular health. |
| Hepatitis D (formerly called delta hepatitis) and E (formerly called enteric hepatitis) are seldom encountered in North America, but are often epidemic in other parts of the World. The hepatitis D virus only multiplies in the presence of the B virus.and makes hepatitis B symptoms worse. Hepatitis E is sometimes epidemic in tropical areas after widespread flooding. It produces symptoms similar to hepatitis A, except that it is much more dangerous to pregnant women. Hepatitis F is an extremely rare strain of the virus that is transmitted from primates to humans. |
| The most widely sold solid extract in the World, ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), has fifty times the concentration of the biologically active ginkgolides found in ginkgo leaf. This concentration process makes it possible to take several small capsules weighing about one-quarter of a gram (less than one-hundredth of an ounce) for a daily dose of ginkgo instead of 10 to 15 grams (one-third to one-half of an ounce) ginkgo leaf in teas.
Granules
Granules consist of powdered herb held together with binders. |
| Aloe
Latin name: Aloe vera (Liliaceae [lily] family) GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Aloe, or aloe vera, is a prickly, gray-green succulent native to Africa but cultivated around the World. It is a perennial with leaves that can grow up to two feet (sixty centimeters) long, and it bears spikes of yellow or orange flowers. The leaves contain a clear gel that is applied in skin treatments. A dried yellow sap taken from the leaf base, aloe bitters, is used internally.
EVIDENCE OF BENEFIT
Aloe is an immune stimulant, laxative, and anti-inflammatory agent. |
| It is cultivated in warm climates around the World and is used extensively as an ornamental tree in California. The leaves can be harvested at any Time of year and distilled for their essential oil. A closely related plant, Eucalyptus macrorryncha, is a good source of rutin, a bioflavonoid widely recommended for strengthening blood vessels.
EVIDENCE OF BENEFIT
Eucalyptus contains the chemical eucalyptol, which has decongestant and antiseptic properties. A tea made from
Espinheira santa is a pain reliever and a muscle relaxant that is good for back pain, arthritis, and rheumatism. |
T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D. and Thomas M. Campbell II
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 These were contentious times in the nutritional World. A conceptual revolution was taking place, and a lot of people didn't like it. Even talking about diet was too much for many scientists. Preventing heart disease by diet was a threatening idea because it implied that something about the good old meaty American diet was so bad for us that it was destroying our hearts. The status quo boys didn't like it.
One status quo scientist had a good Time making fun of people who appeared to have a low risk of heart disease. |
| Burkitt was awarded the prestigious Bower Award, the richest award in the World next to the Nobel Prize. He invited me to speak at his award ceremony at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, only two months before his unfortunate passing. He offered his opinion that our China Study was the most significant work on diet and health in the World at that Time.
Dietary fiber is exclusively found in plant-based foods. This material, which gives rigidity to the cell walls of plants, comes in thousands of different chemical variations. It is mostly made of highly complex carbohydrate molecules. |
| Also, according to data published by the World Bank,4 the diets at the Time of our survey were very similar to those consumed in earlier years. This was ideal because those earlier years represented the Time when the diseases were initially forming.
UNIQUENESS OF DATA
One idea that makes our study unique is our use of the ecologic study design. Critics of the ecologic study design correctly assume that it is a weak design for determining cause-and-effect associations when one is interested in the effects of single causes acting on single outcomes. But this is not the way that nutrition works. |
| This Time, however, instead of the message being forgotten and confined to library stacks, I believe that the World is finally ready to accept it. More than that, I believe the World is finally ready to change. We have reached a point in our history where our bad habits can no longer be tolerated. We, as a society, are on the edge of a great precipice: we can fall to sickness, poverty and degradation, or we can embrace health, longevity and bounty. And all it takes is the courage to change. How will our grandchildren find themselves in 100 years? |
| Marketing people in the corporate World quickly got the message. But what they zeroed in on was lycopene, not tomatoes.
The media, willing to oblige, rose to the occasion. It was lycopene time! Suddenly lycopene became widely known as something to eat more of if you don't want prostate cancer. The scientific World, investigating details, escalated its efforts to decipher the "lycopene magic." As of this writing, there now are 1,361(!) scientific publications on lycopene cited by the National Library of Medicine. |
| Of course, it's quite correct that a supply of protein can be an important way of improving nutrition in the third World, particularly if populations are getting all of their calories from one plant source. But it's not the only way, and, as we shall see, it isn't necessarily the way most consistent with long-term health.
FEEDING THE CHILDREN
So this was the climate at that Time, and I was a part of it as much as anyone else. I left MIT to take a faculty position at Virginia Tech in 1965. |
Paul Pitchford
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 Consider the fact that many communities and areas of the World in both historic and recent times have used no salt other than that found in food. At the same Time, other peoples have relied heavily on unrefined salt for thousands of years.
Sodium, one of the major elements in salt, is found in good quantities in many foods including eggs, seafood, all meats, kelp and other seaweeds, beets, turnips, and greens such as chard, spinach, and parsley. Since deficiencies of sodium are very rare, especially in areas where animal products are consumed, why would salt ever be needed or craved in a diet? |
| Soon after World War II, however, it became virtually extinct when growers switched to higher-yielding—but sometimes less flavorful—hybridized wheat. (Plant breeders often place higher value on yield than taste and nutrition.) Fortunately, a few seeds reportedly recovered from a burial crypt made their way to America, where organic kamut now thrives in Montana.
Kamut has many of the properties of common wheat with far less of its allergenic component: in some tests, approximately two-thirds of those with wheat allergy will have less or no allergy to kamut. |
| In Third World countries, diabetes is not common, yet in the frail individual deficiency diabetes may arise from a denatured diet consist- w ing mainly of white rice, refined sugar products, and a few fruits and vegetables. ^
Mothers with diabetes occasionally have "deficiency diabetes" symptoms, because childbearing taxes the generative power of the spleen-pancreas. In fact, diabetes is much more common among mothers than other women. Women with three children, for example, are twice as likely to develop diabetes as women with no children; women with six children are at six times the risk. |
| The bounty of the outside World enters and enlivens us.
Summer Food and Preparation
Use plenty of brightly colored summer fruits and vegetables, and enjoy creating beautiful meals—make a dazzling display with the colors of the food, and design a floral arrangement for the table. Cook lightly and regularly add a little spicy, pungent, or even fiery flavor. When sauteing, use high heat for a very short Time, and steam or simmer foods as quickly as possible. Use little salt and more water.
Summer offers abundant variety, and the diet should reflect this. |
| When we are able to accept the mystery of life equally with our logical, explainable reality, we begin to enter the World of the w child and can begin to grow with our children.
Children come literally from our insides and will continually relate to those deep places within us where we sorely need awareness. The surprising and sometimes shocking actions of children are most often just those areas of our subconscious we have refused to face. It can be a "shock" to experience emotional and w physical expressions from which we have shielded ourselves so completely. |
| Melancholy, despair, and other aspects of mental depression are now more common than ever; in fact, according to Martin Seligman, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania and author of Learned Optimism (1990), people born after World War II have almost ten times the depression rate of their parents and grandparents. Women are also twice as likely to suffer from depression as men. |
Sydney Walker III, M.D.
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 Rachel was an American success story: a Holocaust survivor who came to the United States after World War II, became a successful musical artist, and married a wonderful man. At the Time I examined her, however, she was a tormented and delusional woman.
Rachel had grown up in Holland, the well-loved child of an aging college professor and his violinist wife. A promising musician herself, Rachel began playing the piano at age five; later, as a teenager, she dreamed of touring the World as a concert pianist. But Rachel's childhood dreams ended when Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany. |
David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes
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 In fact, throughout the World millions of people are using these products on a daily basis.
Many of the adaptogens that are commonly used today have a history of use that goes back hundreds and thousands of years. Over that Time, a vast amount of experience has been gained that has gone toward understanding their therapeutic applications.
Adaptogens can greatly increase the effectiveness of some modern drugs, including antibiotics, anxiolytics (anxiety relief), antidepressants, and hypoglycemic (blood sugar lowering) agents. |
| There are no adaptogens on the 2006 list of prohibited substances published by The World Anti-Doping Agency.
Adaptogens have been used by many athletes who have participated in Olympic Games. At the 1972 Olympics in Munich, Soviet athletes used eleuthero and other adaptogens for the first Time. In the 1980s and 1990s, Olympic athletes used Brekhman's adaptogenic formulas to improve performance. In fact, Brekhman's Prime One adaptogenic formula was used in 1996 at the summer Olympic Games in Atlanta by more than 150 American athletes. |
| China has emerged as a World leader in medicinal plant research.
Classic Texts
The classic Chinese treatise on medicine, the Huang Di Nei Cbing Su Wen (Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine) is considered the most important Chinese medical text and the most ancient. The book's authorship is attributed to Huang Di (known as the Yellow Emperor, he lived around 2600 BCE), but it actually was written by several authors over a long period of time—probably during the period from 475 to 225 BCE. It is commonly believed in China that Huang Di used ginseng, one of the oldest recorded tonics. |
Peter Radetsky
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 As I walk through the place, it seems pretty clear that if any home can keep the dangers of the World at bay, this might be the one. It also becomes clear that this house is a personal statement, Rick Kiessig's rejoinder to a World that has dealt him and his family a bad hand. "He's been studying for a long Time," Howe told me. "He finally got to the point where he thought he could design a house that's healthy for him."
In the first place, there's no wood. Wood can rot, and that means mold. Wood can be eaten by termites, which could necessitate pesticides. |
| So successful have been their house and their strategy of avoiding the toxic outside World that today Pitman and the kids are well enough to spend most of their Time away from Wimberley. Gwin, now twenty-four, has graduated college and works in Austin. Kyle, twenty, goes to school in the east. And Pitman has her own antipesticide consulting business. She spends her days in a tiny office in Austin with the name "H/E Solutions, Inc. Knowledge & Products to Reduce Exposure to Pollutants" on the door. |
| It also becomes clear that this house is a personal statement, Rick Kiessig's rejoinder to a World that has dealt him and his family a bad hand. "He's been studying for a long Time," Howe told me. "He finally got to the point where he thought he could design a house that's healthy for him."
In the first place, there's no wood. Wood can rot, and that means mold. Wood can be eaten by termites, which could necessitate pesticides. Soft woods give off chemicals called "ter-penes," which the Kiessigs cannot tolerate. |
Joe Graedon, M.S. and Teresa Graedon, Ph.D.
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 Grandmothers around the World have promoted daily bowel movements for generations, but there is no evidence that a trip to the bathroom each morning is necessary. People vary in the frequency that suits them best. Some do well on a schedule of no more than three times a week. Others feel good on a schedule as frequent as a few times a day.
Constipation is defined as unsatisfactory defecation155, but doctors and patients don't always agree on what is most important. Physicians may prefer objective measures like the number of days between bowel movements. |
| Talking Therapy
In our rush-rush World, people rarely take Time to talk anymore. The idea that someone could actually sit down for an hour or so and discuss the issues that are causing distress seems outdated. Insurance companies and "mangled care organizations" may not be thrilled at the prospect of paying a psychologist or psychiatrist $100 to $200 a week to do counseling for several months. The bean counters seem to prefer paying for prescription drugs indefinitely. |
| A muscle in your leg is contract-with not a care in the World. Then, like a bolt ing so strongly that it wakes you out of a sound of lightning, you are wide awake and in excru- sleep. To ease the pain, you need the muscle to relax. But coaxing a muscle to let go can be tricky. If such sudden nighttime leg pains occur frequently, they can wreak havoc with your rest. And that can have negative consequences for your overall health.
When I get severe leg cramps, my calf muscle becomes hard as a rock. The pain is so severe that I panic until I can stop it. |
| Willett is arguably the most respected and knowledgeable nutrition expert and epidemiologist in the World. For a very long Time he has tried to convince his colleagues and the public that the "fat is bad" belief is baloney. It has been an uphill struggle, but at last the tide is turning. His campaign against trans fats (hydrogenated vegetable oil) has led to labeling that will allow consumers to recognize and avoid this poison. Although trans fats have been removed from many margarines, you still will find them in lots of processed foods like crackers and cookies. |
| Richard Smith, MD, former editor of the British Medical Journal, tells how pharmaceutical companies around the World stack the deck:
• Conduct a trial of your drug against a treatment known to be inferior
• Trial your drugs against too Iowa dose of a competitor drug
• Conduct a trial of your drug against too high a dose of a competitor drug (making your drug seem less toxic)
• Present the results that are most likely to impress11
What all this means is that doctors have a very hard Time determining how one medicine stacks up against another, or even against alternative approaches. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
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 Today, legumes are a mainstay of most diets around the world; they are second only to grains in supplying calories and protein to the world's population. Compared with grains, legumes supply about the same number of total calories per serving, but they usually provide two to four times as much protein. |
| According to one of the world's leading authorities on fibromyalgia, professor Federigo Sicuteri of the University of Florence, "In our experience, as well as in that of other pain specialists, 5-HTP can largely improve the painful picture of primary fibromyalgia."6
Several clinical studies confirm this opinion.78 In one double-blind study, fifty patients with fibromyalgia were given either 5-HTP (100 mg) or a placebo three times per day. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 EYE PROBLEMS
Two of the most complex organs of the body, the eyes provide us with instantaneous visual feedback of the World around us. We have all experienced eye trouble at one Time or another—eyes that are tired, bloodshot, dry, irritated, itchy, sensitive to light, or watery, to name just a few. While some eye disorders—nearsightedness or cataracts, for example—are localized problems, eye disturbances can be a symptom of disease elsewhere in the body. |
| We live in a World where people drive themselves on relentless schedules that leave insufficient Time for quality sleep.
Q There have been some documented cases in which persons who suffered from narcolepsy were cured by eliminating allergenic foods from the diet. One person, for instance, was found to have an allergy to potatoes. When he removed potatoes from his diet, he no longer experienced the symptoms. (See allergies in Part Two. |
| In our chemically polluted and stress-filled World, our nutritional requirements have been increasing, but the number of calories we require has been decreasing, as our general level of physical activity has declined. This means we are faced with needing somehow to get more nutrients from less food. At the same Time, many of our foods are depleted of certain nutrients. Modern farming practices have resulted in soils that are lacking in selenium and other nutrients.
Harvesting and shipping practices are dictated not by nutritional considerations but by marketing demands. |
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