Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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 More sun exposure time is needed than person with little pigment More sun exposure time needed compared to younger person Sun protection factor (SPF) indicates amount of UV blocked: spf blocks at 1/SPF. E.g., spf of 8 would allow 1/8 (-12%) of UV to penetrate.
Sources: Hollis, B. W. (2005). Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: Implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D. J. Nutr. 135, 317-322; Holick, M. F. (2006). Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 2062-2072; Holick, M. F. |
Bottom Line Health
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| Sunscreen that boasts higher numbers is not much more effective. spf 15 blocks 93% of UVB rays.. .SPF 30 blocks 97%. The difference matters most to people who tan or burn easily.
•Use adequate amounts of sunscreen. An 8-ounce bottle of spf 15, if applied properly, is enough for a weekend at the beach.
•Waterproof sunscreen protects you for approximately 80 minutes in the water. So reapply it if you are in the water longer and also after you towel off.
David Herschthal, MD, dermatologist, Tamarac, FL. www.drherschtbal.com. |
James Dowd and Diane Stafford
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 Depending on skin type, time of day, and season of the year, using spf 15 should provide adequate protection if applied as stated on the label and after adequate vitamin D is made. See the tables in chapter 5 that use the UV index as a tool to help you calculate your safe sun limits. Children with extra skin melanin will tolerate longer exposure times before they need to cover up. There should be no difference in the spf strength used to protect dark-skinned children; spf 15 is adequate. See www.thevitamind cure.com for information on a new rating system for UVA protection. |
Bottom Line Health
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| SPF 15 blocks 93% of UVB rays.. .SPF 30 blocks 97%. The difference matters most to people who tan or burn easily.
•Use adequate amounts of sunscreen. An 8-ounce bottle of spf 15, if applied properly, is enough for a weekend at the beach.
•Waterproof sunscreen protects you for approximately 80 minutes in the water. So reapply it if you are in the water longer and also after you towel off.
David Herschthal, MD, dermatologist, Tamarac, FL. www.drherschtbal.com. |
James Dowd and Diane Stafford
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| There should be no difference in the spf strength used to protect dark-skinned children; spf 15 is adequate. See www.thevitamind cure.com for information on a new rating system for UVA protection.
Q: How can I tell if my child is getting enough sun and vitamin D?
A: Children usually don't complain of pain, fatigue, or poor sleep, so pay attention to their behavior and ask questions. As a pediatric rheumatologist, I often see children who have joint pain or swelling that's the result of vitamin D deficiency and inadequate nutrition.
Signs of vitamin D deficiency in children include:
? |
Andreas Moritz
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 For example, an spf of 15 indicates that it should provide 300 minutes of protection for someone who could normally stay in the sun for 20 minutes without burning. SPFs only apply to protection rating against UVB, not UVA. But since the effectiveness of sunscreen usually wears off well before the calculated time, unsuspecting sunbathers keep applying very large amounts of these chemical poisons to their skin. The skin is not made of plastic, but of living cells. |
Bottom Line Health
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| If you must spend time in the sun, use sunscreen that has a minimum spf of 30.
•Don't smoke. Smoking cigarettes is the number-two cause of wrinkling.
•Don't drink a lot of alcohol. Alcohol dehydrates the skin and can cause broken or distended capillaries on the nose and face.
•Get plenty of exercise. It promotes healthy blood circulation and stimulates hormones that help build muscle, which indirectly improves the appearance of the skin.
•Hydrate. Drink plenty of water to keep skin hydrated from the inside out. Keep skin topically hydrated by using a good moisturizer. |
Neal Barnard, M.D.
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 It should screen out both ultraviolet A and B and have a sun-protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher. The spf rating indicates the increase in the length of time it takes to burn. For example, if you would normally burn in twenty minutes under direct sun, a sunscreen with an spf of 2 would protect you for i. iiwrtiLiiy v'rviii diiu i idii ¦ c— i forty minutes and one with an spf of 10 would protect you for two hundred minutes. Do not take these figures too literally, though, because perspiration and swimming can cause sunscreens to wash off.
There is no need to swear off the beach or picnics. |
Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron
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 Lip Saver spf 15 ($8 for 0.15 ounce) includes an in-part avobenzone sunscreen and is an outstanding emollient lip balm that's packaged ChapStick-style. The ratio of plant oil and jojoba esters to wax produces a softer-texture lip balm that leaves an attractive sheen on lips. The only drawback is the flavor, which is composed of cinnamon and clove. The amounts of these ingredients aren't enough to warrant avoiding the product, but it would have received a Paula's Pick rating without them. One more point: Aveda claims this is waterproof, but a more accurate term is "water-resistant. |
| However, it would work well over a moisturizer with sunscreen rated spf 15 or higher.
CONCEALER: © $$$ Enhancing Concealer ($16.45) comes in a twist-up stick, and although its creamy texture makes application smooth, creasing is a problem because the creami-ness stays that way. It's an OK option, but provides no more than medium coverage and doesn't last unless it is set with powder.
© $$$ Ultimate Coverage Concealer ($18.60) has a liquid texture and provides much better coverage than the Enhancing Concealer above. |
| Time Defiance Day Protect Creme spf 15 above, and other than having packaging that keeps the antioxidants stable (vitamin E is the only one present in a significant amount), the same comments apply.
$$$ Time Defiance Derma Erase ($45.55for 0.14 ounce) is a water- and silicone-based serum that contains some excellent skin-identical ingtedients, a cell-communicating ingredient, and a couple of good antioxidants, plus an anti-irritant. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 The spf rating on the product is helpful, but it is only part of what a consumer needs to know," said Houlihan. "Our rating system includes critical information on UVA protection, how stable the product is in the sun, and potential health hazards of the product's ingredients."
"EWG has conducted this research because the FDA has failed to do so. With over one million cases of skin cancer reported each year people should have the most reliable information available about which sunscreens will provide the best protection for themselves and their families," Houlihan added. |
Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron
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| S© Moisture Rich Protective Moisturizer spf 15 ($28.65for 2.5 ounces) is a well-formulated, in-part avobenzone sunscreen in a moisturizing base suitable for normal to dry skin. Inside stable packaging are antioxidants, anti-irritants, and several ingredients that mimic the strucrure and function of healthy skin. Well done!
© $$$ Replenishing Eye Creme ($27 for 0.5 ounce) does not contain ingredients that research has shown capable of reducing puffiness or dark circles, but if you can look beyond the claims this is a good moisturizer for slightly dry skin, just not around the eyes. |
Arthur C. Upton, M.D.
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| The categories of sunscreens are as follows:
Sun Protection SPF
Minimal 2-4
Moderate 4-6
Extra 6-8
Maximal 8-15
Ultra 15 +
(Many people have reasoned that the higher the spf number of a sunscreen, the better the protection. As SPFs have shot as high as 50, confusion over numbers has increased as well. For the most part, an spf of 15 is more than adequate protection for adults; higher numbers are often recommended for infants.)
There are no FDA standards for rating a sun-screen's ability to block out UVA radiation. |
Gabriel Cousens
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 In fact, using sunscreen of even a low spf rating of 8 reduces vitamin D production by 95 percent.110 Dr. Robert Heany of Creighton University, one of the top vitamin D researchers, has stated that as many as 75 percent of the women in the U.S. are deficient.111
Just in case you are wondering about vitamin D levels and a raw vegan diet, researchers led by Luigi Fontana, MD, PhD, of Washington University112 looked at eighteen men and women, ages 33 to 85, who had maintained a raw vegan lifestyle for an average of 3.6 years. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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| The analysis found that 84 percent of 785 sunscreen products with an spf rating of 15 or higher offer inadequate protection from the sun's harmful rays, or contain ingredients with safety concerns. Ironically, some popular sunscreen chemicals break down when exposed to sunlight and must be formulated with stabilizing chemicals. Others penetrate the skin and present significant health concerns.
This ground-breaking research is based on nearly 400 peer-reviewed studies of the 17 sunscreen chemicals approved for use in the U.S. |
Joan Liebmann-Smith, Ph. D., and Jacqueline Nardi Egan
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 Apply spf 15 or higher, broad-spectrum sunscreen, which protects against both UVA and UVB.
Red Palms
If you notice the palms of your hands are always red but not sore, you may have a palmar erythema. This may be a totally benign condition, or it can signal a vitamin B deficiency or heavy alcohol consumption. Indeed, red palms can be red flags for alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver, as well as hepatitis and other liver diseases. They can also signal hyperthyroidism, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, and even cancer. |
Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron
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| Clarifying Balancing Moisturizer spf 15 ($28.65for 2.6 ounces) features an in-part zinc oxide sunscreen in a lightweight lotion base that contains some antioxidants and good skin-identical ingredients. Although not for oily or blemish-prone skin, this deserves consideration as a well-formulated daytime moisturizer for normal to slightly dry skin.
Delicate Care Calming Moisturizer ($28.65for 2.5 ounces) is a bit short on antioxidants, but is otherwise an exceptional moisturizer for normal to dry skin. |
Bottom Line Health
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| You want a sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB, that has a high spf and that is waterproof."
Sunscreen Stats
Sunscreen manufacturers and the media provide so much information on sun-protection products, that it's difficult to separate fact from fiction. Following are just a few facts to help sort it all out...
•Use sunscreen daily—even on rainy days and in winter. Even brief sun exposure adds up over time.
•UVA and UVB rays cause skin cancer and premature aging. UVA tans your skin. UVB burns it. Both cause wrinkles. |
| Rosac, which also contains spf 18 sunscreen, and other brands). Sulfur-based prescription cleansers such as Plexion and Rosanil can also be helpful. Metronidazole gel is an antibiotic—but it is prescribed here for its anti-inflammatory properties rather than its antibiotic effects.
Your dermatologist will choose the medication to try based on his evaluation of you. A combination of two different topical medications may also be prescribed. Their effectiveness varies from person to person—some patients will see dramatic results, and others only a slight reduction in symptoms. |
| An 8-ounce bottle of spf 15, if applied properly, is enough for a weekend at the beach.
•Waterproof sunscreen protects you for approximately 80 minutes in the water. So reapply it if you are in the water longer and also after you towel off.
David Herschthal, MD, dermatologist, Tamarac, FL. www.drherschtbal.com.
Laser Surgery Works to Treat Liver Cancer
Charles Cha, MD, assistant professor of gastrointestinal surgery and surgical oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Ronald W. |
Arthur C. Upton, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
| A sunscreen bearing a label of an spf 15 would allow you to get fifteen times more sun exposure without burning than you could normally tolerate without wearing a sunscreen.
The categories of sunscreens are as follows:
Sun Protection SPF
Minimal 2-4
Moderate 4-6
Extra 6-8
Maximal 8-15
Ultra 15 +
(Many people have reasoned that the higher the spf number of a sunscreen, the better the protection. As SPFs have shot as high as 50, confusion over numbers has increased as well. |
Stacy Malkan
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 Application of Physicians Complex® sunblock spf #30 is mandatory on a daily basis," advises the package.5
In the Philippines, where there are no regulated limits, some products, such as the popular Maxi Peel by Splash Corporation, contain 4% hydroquinone. Anne Larracas has friends who use such products, and she said the effects are startling. "When you first use it, as fast as three days, the skin starts to peel and it gets really red. Then the skin gets taut, you can see the veins because it peels too much, and the peeling doesn't stop. |
Ray D. Strand
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 When you apply your favorite sunscreen, which contains an spf rating of thirty or greater, you are protecting yourself primarily against UVB light. This allows us to stay out in the sun longer because we are not getting sunburned. But these sunscreens do not offer much, if any, protection against UVA light, which creates significantly more free radicals deeper into the skin. This may in part explain why we have seen a fivefold increase in almost every skin cancer over the past twenty years.
We are finally seeing sunscreens on the market that offer protection against both UVA and UVB sunlight. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| E.g., spf of 8 would allow 1/8 (-12%) of UV to penetrate.
Sources: Hollis, B. W. (2005). Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: Implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D. J. Nutr. 135, 317-322; Holick, M. F. (2006). Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 2062-2072; Holick, M. F. (2006). Vitamin D. In "Modem Nutrition in Health and Disease" (M. E. Shils, M. Shike, C. A. Ross, B. Caballero, R. J. Cousins, Eds.), 19th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. |
Dan Buettner
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 To find balance, the National Institutes of Health advises 10-15 minutes of sun exposure twice weekly, then applying sunscreen with an spf of 15 or higher afterward. This should provide enough sun to produce vitamin D without exposing the skin to too many damaging uv rays. morning, the ancestors will watch over them for the rest of the day. It's like if something bad happens, it was meant to happen; if something good happens, it's because the ancestors were looking out for them. It's a great stress reducer for these people. They relinquish worries to a higher power." "Cool," I said. |
Ron Garner
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 It thoroughly penetrates the skin and contains a natural spf of 15.
Get involved in exercise such as walking, swimming, skipping, using an electrically tuned mini-trampoline, aerobics, strength training, stretching, and so forth.
Have times for breathing deeply, including diaphragm breathing, to increase oxygen absorption and reduce stress.
Get adequate sleep and rest, including naps if required. These are the periods when your body heals and generates new energy. Relax and take time to do things you enjoy. Adopt positive attitudes of gratitude, appreciation, forgiveness. |
James Dowd and Diane Stafford
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| Sunscreen with an spf as low as 8 blocks almost 98 percent of UVB rays, which makes it practically impossible to make vitamin D if you wear sunscreen.
Where you sit or stand matters, too. You can't make vitamin D sitting next to a window in your home, your office, and your car because most modern glass technology blocks most UVB light. Wear a wide-brimmed hat and long sleeves and you get no D either.
If casual sun exposure is defined as fifteen minutes of sun, three times a week year round, let's see how that fits into forty-eight days. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| These include clothing (although some loosely woven clothing does permit UVB to pass through); window glass; sunscreens formulated to block UVB, particularly when spf is over 8 [7]; being indoors; cloudy days; smog and light-blocking air pollution; and winter, when the sun does not rise far enough above the horizon to allow sufficient UVB irradiation to stimulate dermal vitamin D3 synthesis. Thus the term vitamin D winter refers to the time of year when UVB radiation is not sufficient for cholecalciferol synthesis in the skin. |
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