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The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

But in a large population Study of 26,473 Americans, it was found that the people who consumed the most nuts were less obese. A possible explanation is that consumption of nuts produces satiety. This same Study also demonstrated that higher nut consumption was associated with a protective Effect against heart attacks (both fatal and nonfatal). Other large studies, including the Nurses' Health Study, the Iowa Women's Health Study, and the Physicians' Health Study, found that nut consumption is linked to a lower risk of heart disease.

In a second Study, a similar group of patients received 75 milligrams of the celery extract twice daily for three weeks. At this higher dosage, the subjects reported even better results than in the first Study. Statistically and clinically significant reductions were noted in pain scores, mobility, and quality of life. As in the first Study, no side effects were noted other than a diuretic Effect. When the data on the subset of patients with gout were analyzed, it was clear that they responded extremely well.

In the first Study, the subjects had joint pain present for approximately 10 years in a remittent or continual form leading to a lack of joint mobility and pain that prevented the carrying out of household duties, hobbies, and activities involved in these subjects' jobs. The subjects were given only 34 milligrams of the celery extract twice daily. Nonetheless, the results of the Study were extremely positive and quite statistically significant. The chance that such a positive Effect in reducing pain in these subjects was a placebo Effect was less than 1 in 1,000.

At this higher dosage, the subjects reported even better results than in the first Study. Statistically and clinically significant reductions were noted in pain scores, mobility, and quality of life. As in the first Study, no side effects were noted other than a diuretic Effect. When the data on the subset of patients with gout were analyzed, it was clear that they responded extremely well. Subsequent evaluation to explain the benefits noted in these patients indicates that 3nB lowers the production of uric acid by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

The first Study showed that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products can reduce blood pressure in the general population and people with hypertension. The original DASH diet did not require either sodium restriction or weight loss—the two traditional dietary tools to control blood pressure—to be effective. The second Study from the DASH research group found that coupling the original DASH diet with sodium restriction is more effective than dietary manipulation alone. In the first trial, the DASH diet produced a net blood pressure reduction of 11.4 and 5.

Prescription for Herbal Healing: An Easy-to-Use A-Z Reference to Hundreds of Common Disorders and Their Herbal Remedies Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts

A second Study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), was the first clinical Study of ginkgo extract conducted in the United States. In this Study, 202 people with Alzheimer's disease, at six research centers supervised by Harvard Medical School and the New York Institute for Medical Research, were given either 120 milligrams of ginkgo extract or a placebo daily for a year. Ginkgo treatment improved symptoms in 64 percent of those who received it, and there were no reports of side effects.

A clinical Study of 124 acne patients found that 5-percent tea tree oil gel was as effective as 5-percent ben-zoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Tea tree oil had fewer side effects than the prescription treatment. • Athlete's foot, ringworm, and yeast infection. Preliminary double-blind studies have found tea tree oil to be an effective treatment for athlete's foot and other fungal infections of the skin and nails. Tea tree oil also treats ringworm, an infection caused by the same fungus, tinea.

A follow-up Study found that valerian was as effective in inducing sleep as barbiturates such as pentobarbital and benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide (Librium). These drugs cause morning sleepiness. Valerian, in contrast, reduced morning sleepiness. The difference, apparently, was that valerian appeared to be nonaddictive and its effects seemed to be milder. Valerian has a much more pronounced Effect when used by people with chronic insomnia than when used by people whose sleeping difficulties are temporary.

A more recent Study of St. John's wort discounted its effects against depression, but that Study did not discriminate between mild to moderate depression and severe depression. Other studies of St. John's wort have focused on mild to moderate depression and have found the herb effective. In all probability, the herb does not have usefulness in treating severe depression. • Diabetes. Sometimes, successful treatment of diabetes that has gone uncontrolled for a long time can result in severe nerve pain.

In one Study of such women, 16 percent of those who did not take folic acid had more severe dysplasia after four months, while none of the those taking folic acid (at a dosage of 10 milligrams per day) saw their conditions worsen. LI Lymphedema is a swelling of the tissues that may follow cancer surgery. (See lymphedema in Part Two.) For measures to reduce the side effects and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, see Side Effects of Cancer Treatment under cancer in Part Two.

At least one Study suggests that yohimbe is more likely to be effective if you are fasting or eating a low-fat diet. Anxiety, dizziness, heart palpitations, and changes in blood pressure are rare side effects, but they can result from even a single dose of either yohimbe or yohimbine. Men receiving medical treatment for anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, migraine, or seizure disorders should consult with their physicians before taking this herb.

The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss and Long-term Health T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D. and Thomas M. Campbell II See book keywords and concepts

In the experimental animal Study, I proposed to investigate the "effect of various factors [my italics] on aflatoxin metabolism." The human Study, mostly focused on anatoxin's effects on liver cancer in the Philippines, was briefly reviewed in the last chapter and was concluded after three years. It was later renewed in a much more sophisticated Study in China (chapter four). A Study of this protein Effect on tumor development had to be done extremely well. Anything less would not have convinced anyone, especially my peers who would review my future request for renewed funding!

One was for a human Study, the other for an experimental animal Study. I did not "cry wolf in either application by suggesting that protein might promote cancer. I had everything to lose and nothing to gain by acting like a heretic. Besides, I wasn't convinced that protein actually might be harmful. In the experimental animal Study, I proposed to investigate the "effect of various factors [my italics] on aflatoxin metabolism." The human Study, mostly focused on anatoxin's effects on liver cancer in the Philippines, was briefly reviewed in the last chapter and was concluded after three years.

UNIQUENESS OF DATA One idea that makes our Study unique is our use of the ecologic Study design. Critics of the ecologic Study design correctly assume that it is a weak design for determining cause-and-effect associations when one is interested in the effects of single causes acting on single outcomes. But this is not the way that nutrition works. Rather, nutrition causes or prevents disease by multiple nutrients and other chemicals acting together, as in foods. An ecologic Study is almost ideal if we wish to learn how an array of dietary factors act together to cause disease.

The human Study, mostly focused on anatoxin's effects on liver cancer in the Philippines, was briefly reviewed in the last chapter and was concluded after three years. It was later renewed in a much more sophisticated Study in China (chapter four). A Study of this protein Effect on tumor development had to be done extremely well. Anything less would not have convinced anyone, especially my peers who would review my future request for renewed funding! In hindsight, we must have succeeded.

In Effect, each Study in this pool was subject to the same flaw from which the Nurses' Health Study suffered. It makes no sense, and does no good, to combine them. In spite of there being 351,041 women and 7,379 breast cancer cases in this mega-database, these results cannot detect the true Effect of diets rich in meat and dairy on breast cancer risk. This would be true even if there were a few million subjects in the Study.

FOR MORE INFORMATION We take great pride in the comprehensiveness and quality of the China Study. To see why, read Appendix B on page 353. You'll find a more complete discussion of the basic design and characteristics of the Study. THE CHINESE DIETARY EXPERIENCE Critical to the importance of the China Study was the nature of the diet consumed in rural China. It was a rare opportunity to Study health-related effects of a mostly plant-based diet. In America, 15-16% of our total calories comes from protein and upwards of 80% of this amount comes from animal-based foods.

A Dose of Sanity: Mind, Medicine, and Misdiagnosis Sydney Walker III, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

Glowing reports on the Study results were published in psychiatric journals. There was only one problem: the Study didn't prove that Xanax was particularly effective. Phase One of the Study did show that after four weeks, 50 percent of patients taking Xanax had no panic attacks, compared to 28 percent of the patients taking placebos (fake pills). That is what Upjohn boasted about in its advertising. What Upjohn didn't mention, however, was that after eight weeks, at the end of the Study, patients taking Xanax were having as many panic attacks as those on the placebo.

In addition, the Cross-National Panic Study showed that imipramine, a drug already on the market, was as effective (or, from another point of view, as ineffective) as Xanax. Yet the "data" from this Study, published in major medical journals and promoted in glossy ads, were enough to convince doctors to write millions of prescriptions for Xanax, quickly making it one of America's most popular psychotropic drugs. Lest you think this was a one-time occurrence, consider Up-john's marketing of Halcion, a tranquilizer that caused severe side effects in many patients. The U.S.

Canadian researchers involved in the Cross-National Panic Study reported that both Xanax and placebo groups were averaging about two panic attacks a week when the Study ended. But the patients who took Xanax for eight weeks and then went off the drug were suffering nearly seven attacks a week after two weeks of withdrawal—while those who stopped taking the placebo continued to suffer only about two attacks a week. In addition, the Cross-National Panic Study showed that imipramine, a drug already on the market, was as effective (or, from another point of view, as ineffective) as Xanax.

The biggest of these was the "Cross-National Panic Study" conducted in different cities around the world. Glowing reports on the Study results were published in psychiatric journals. There was only one problem: the Study didn't prove that Xanax was particularly effective. Phase One of the Study did show that after four weeks, 50 percent of patients taking Xanax had no panic attacks, compared to 28 percent of the patients taking placebos (fake pills). That is what Upjohn boasted about in its advertising.

What Upjohn didn't mention, however, was that after eight weeks, at the end of the Study, patients taking Xanax were having as many panic attacks as those on the placebo. Even more importantly, Upjohn didn't mention the fact that the "rebound" Effect that occurred when patients stopped taking Xanax was devastating in many cases. Canadian researchers involved in the Cross-National Panic Study reported that both Xanax and placebo groups were averaging about two panic attacks a week when the Study ended.

There was only one problem: the Study didn't prove that Xanax was particularly effective. Phase One of the Study did show that after four weeks, 50 percent of patients taking Xanax had no panic attacks, compared to 28 percent of the patients taking placebos (fake pills). That is what Upjohn boasted about in its advertising. What Upjohn didn't mention, however, was that after eight weeks, at the end of the Study, patients taking Xanax were having as many panic attacks as those on the placebo.

Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes See book keywords and concepts

It was no surprise to many that the Study showed no or little activity. In the second Study, researchers used what was probably an effective echinacea product, but the dose was only one-quarter to one-third of what would be considered an adequate therapeutic dose. It, too, was found to be ineffective. This Study was comparable to giving someone one-half of an aspirin and wondering why he still has a headache. These types of misinterpretation and misunderstanding give rise to incorrect data that often continues to be repeated, even decades after the original research has been disproved. Dr.

Selected Research Study Progress of Study on Brain Protective Effect and Mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum (Wang and Wang 2005). In this paper, researchers reviewed the various studies on the neuroprotective effects of he shou wu. They determined that it has antioxidant activity and that, in some ways, it mimics medications that act as calcium channel blockers, cholinesterase inhibitors, and cholinomimetic medications. The effects were broad-based, and it is suggested that this herb may have benefits for people with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and impaired cerebral circulation.

This animal Study suggested that shilajit has nootropic (cerebral-enhancing) effects and can relieve anxiety. Effect of Shilajit on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats (Trivedi et al. 2004). This Study helped confirm that the traditional use of this substance for people with diabetes was effective and pointed researchers toward possible new uses of shilajit for promoting healthier blood lipids.

In the second Study, researchers used what was probably an effective echinacea product, but the dose was only one-quarter to one-third of what would be considered an adequate therapeutic dose. It, too, was found to be ineffective. This Study was comparable to giving someone one-half of an aspirin and wondering why he still has a headache. These types of misinterpretation and misunderstanding give rise to incorrect data that often continues to be repeated, even decades after the original research has been disproved. Dr.

ADAPTOGENS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS Pharmacology is the Study of drugs and their effects on the human body. A drug is a substance that is given to treat or prevent a disease. The Study of the chemical makeup of plants is called phytochemistry, and the Study of naturally derived drugs is known as pharmacognosy. Plants contain both primary and secondary metabolites, which are substances needed for metabolism—the plant's energy production process. The primary metabolites are necessary to sustain the life of the plant and include enzymes, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and chlorophyll.

In this Study, participants were given a placebo, a capsule with ginkgo alone, or a combination of ginkgo extract and dang shen. Both products produced increased learning and memory retention compared with the placebo's effects. The product that contained gingko and dang shen was more effective than the one with ginkgo by itself. The Effect of Herbal Medicine Including Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis on Airway Responsiveness (Wang 1998). Patients treated with these herbs exhibited reduced airway responsiveness and pulmonary inflammation.

Allergic to the Twentieth Century: The Explosion in Environmental Allergies--From Sick Buildings to Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Peter Radetsky See book keywords and concepts

Besides conducting this large Study, Joffres and his team are planning to investigate the effectiveness of provocation-neutralization and vitamin-mineral therapy. To do so, they are building a mini-ECU ("it will be ultra-clean, probably the best in the world") suitable for specific tests. (An ECU for long-term diagnosis and treatment remains a gleam in Joffres's eye. "We don't yet have the money to build that facility.") They are also investigating the utility of SPECT scans, and hope to look into other MCS therapies.

Best Choices From the People's Pharmacy Joe Graedon, M.S. and Teresa Graedon, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts

One Study found that "cognitive therapy can be as effective as medications for the initial treatment of moderate to severe major depression but this degree of effectiveness may depend on a high level of therapist experience or expertise."190 Another Study found that "cognitive therapy has an enduring Effect that extends beyond the end of treatment. It seems to be as effective as keeping patients on medication."191 Exercise As effective as talking therapy may be for depression, exercise may also be beneficial.

A more recent German Study demonstrated that a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of feverfew was more effective than placebo in reducing the frequency of migraine headaches.337 In this Study, side effects were equally uncommon with the feverfew extract and the placebo. Feverfew is generally thought not to be effective for treatment once a migraine headache has begun, but a small preliminary study ** Feverfew A feverfew extract with at least 0.1 percent parthenolide might be helpful in preventing migraines. It is taken daily.

One placebo-controlled Study found that hemp seed oil capsules reduced itchiness and dryness in skin. (The placebo capsules contained olive oil.) Patients on the active supplement used less topical medicine for their dermatitis during the 5 months the trial lasted.291 We þ ? Hemp Seed Oil Hemp seed offers a balance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. One Study demonstrated that it reduces eczema symptoms significantly more than olive oil does. Downside: A single Study is not enough for a full evaluation of the supplement's benefit. Another, larger Study might not show a significant Effect.

One small Dutch Study found a significant Effect, with Promensil reducing hot flashes by 44 percent more than placebo.751 But a larger, multicenter trial in the United States found no clinically significant Effect on hot flashes with either Promensil or Rimostil.752 On the bright side, though, very few women dropped out of the Study, and no side effects were significantly more common among those taking red clover extracts than among those on placebo. Analyzing the data for subgroups uncovered a trend toward heavier women getting more benefit from Promensil.

One large, long-term (26-week) Study supervised by researchers at the University of Maryland carried out just such a controlled protocol. Acupuncture relieved pain and improved function without side effects.150 Another research group found that when true acupuncture was added to NSAID (diclofenac) therapy, it was more effective than drug treatment alone.151 How long do the effects of acupuncture last? One fascinating Study compared 8 weeks of standard acupuncture (average of 17 needles) to minimal acupuncture (average of 12 needles) or nothing.

In this Study, side effects were equally uncommon with the feverfew extract and the placebo. Feverfew is generally thought not to be effective for treatment once a migraine headache has begun, but a small preliminary study ** Feverfew A feverfew extract with at least 0.1 percent parthenolide might be helpful in preventing migraines. It is taken daily. Look for a standardized product such as the Canadian nonprescription medicine Tanacet. Side effects: Canker sores, mild indigestion, and flatulence Downside: May interact with anticoagulant medicines. Pregnant women should avoid this herb.

1001 Chemicals in Everyday Products Grace Ross Lewis See book keywords and concepts

One Study indicated that high alcohol content products can increase a person's risk of oral cancer by as much as 60%. More recent studies have questioned this. 14. What is the harmful ingredient in nail polish? It is toluene. It is mildly toxic by breathing and can cause hallucinations, CNS (central nervous system) effects, bone marrow changes, and birth defects, among other problems. 15. What other products contain toluene? Toluene is also in paints, spot removers, rubber cement, gasoline, detergents, and perfumes, among others. 16. What is meant by aroma-free zones?

Through the years, toxicologists, those who Study chemicals and their effects, have come to some agreement on doses and their results. The following table is based on consumption by a 150-lb person. Possible oral human lethal dose Toxicity rating Dose For 150-lb person 6 5 4 3 2 1 Super toxic Extremely toxic Very toxic Moderately toxic Slightly toxic Practically nontoxic Less than 5 mg/kg 5-50 mg/kg 50-500 mg/kg Between 1 tsp and 1 oz Between 1 oz and 1 pt Between 1 pt and 1 qt More than 1 qt Less than 7 drops Between 7 drops and 1 tsp 0.

A recent Study indicated that it may dry out the mucous membrane of the mouth, causing canker sores in susceptible individuals. Miscellaneous questions 1. What is the single most important chemical? This is really difficult to answer because chemicals do so many different things. In one respect, chlorine is the chemical that has saved more human lives than any other as a result of its water purifying effects. 2. If I have a choice of paper towels, hot air dryers, or pull-down linen towels to dry my hands, which should I use to avoid bacteria?

Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, Revised Second Edition Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

The results of the Study were strikingly in favor of glucosamine sulfate alone. Not only was glucosamine sulfate more effective, but it was without significant side effects. In fact, patients who took glucosamine sulfate had fewer side effects than the placebo group, and no dropouts occurred in the glucosamine sulfate group. In contrast, over forty percent of the subjects taking Feldene experienced side effects, and twenty patients taking Feldene had to drop out of the Study because the side effects were so severe.

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