Gabriel Cousens
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 Alaria and kelp are high in magnesium, each having three times the rda per 100 grams. Kelp and alaria have very high amounts of iodine; 100 grams of kelp have approximately ten times the estimated rda of iodine. One hundred grams of alaria and nori have approximately 8487 and 4266 IU of vitamin A. One hundred grams of most of the sea vegetables have about one-third the rda of the B vitamins, one-tenth the rda of vitamin C, and about one-third the rda of vitamin E. |
Elaine Feuer
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 The FDA even petitioned to replace the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) on labels to Reference Daily Intake (RDI); RDI requirements are less than the rda. U.S. RDAs are extremely misleading because they are based on the concept of single-nutrient diseases, such as scurvy and rickets—RDAs are not based on the amount of nutrients needed to maintain optimum health. Since the medical establishment has always maintained that to exceed the RDAs is potentially dangerous, many consumers mistakingly assume that the rda for a nutrient is sufficient for good health. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 The US DA hedged its bets regarding vitamins when in 1941 it first came up with the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). The rda determined how many vitamins and minerals we need to take in daily in our diets. (This is not to be confused with the food pyramid, developed by the USDA in the 1950s, which tells us how much of the different food groups, like fruits, vegetables, cereals, meat, and dairy products, we need.) Most of us are familiar with the rda from our childhood days of reading the back of our cereal boxes during breakfast time. |
Gabriel Cousens
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| One hundred grams of most of the sea vegetables have about one-third the rda of the B vitamins, one-tenth the rda of vitamin C, and about one-third the rda of vitamin E. As pointed out earlier, these sea vegetables also contain chelating agents that are effective for protection against the absorption of radioactive particles.
KELP
Kelp absorbs from seawater almost all the nutrients, minerals, and trace elements that are essential to life. Kelp contains more than sixty minerals and elements, twenty-one amino acids, simple and complex carbohydrates, and several essential plant growth hormones. |
Gabriel Cousens, M.D.
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 Part of the reason for this is that this diet supplies more than sufficient nutrients, compared to the rda values established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The late Ann Wigmore's Hippocrates Diet, with emphasis on green and other fresh juices and fermented food preparations, compared the nutrients in her diet to the rda values. She found that her almost 100 percent live-food diet had six times the vitamin C, two times the B-complex vitamins, ten times more vitamin A, seven times more iron, two times the calcium, and an amount of B12 equal to that of the
RDA. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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| Most of us are familiar with the rda from our childhood days of reading the back of our cereal boxes during breakfast time. What most people don't understand is that the authors of the rda only knew what degree of deprivation caused illness.
The USDA didn't really know the minimum of what you could take and still be healthy. For instance, pellagra, a condition caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) that plagued the American South in the first part of the twentieth century, was associated with mental dullness, lethargy, and other symptoms. |
| Based on the fact that the rda analysis of vitamin requirements is founded on a bogus standard related to a young, healthy male and an estimate that started out at least double the necessary requirement, the rda nutritional requirements are at least four times the actual minimum amount of vitamins and minerals needed and probably much, much more. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 Breastfeeding: Nursing mothers should not use supplemental doses of iron higher than rda amounts (9 or 10 mg daily, depending on age) unless their physician recommends it.
Pediatrics: Iron supplements can be highly toxic or lethal to small children. Those who take iron supplements should use childproof bottles and store them away from children. |
Ray D. Strand
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 Other studies are now revealing that the rda of vitamin D is too low (200 IU) and patients need to take 500-800 IU of vitamin D, which is again an optimal level. This dosage is still considered to be well within a safe range.15
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
High doses of niacin supplementation may create flushing to the skin, nausea, and liver damage. Clinical studies have shown slow-released products with niacin may decrease the risk of flushing, but they may also increase the risk of liver damage.16
Many people use high doses of niacin as a natural way to decrease their cholesterol levels. |
| The September 1997 issue of the medical journal Pediatrics reported that only 1 percent of children in the United States get the proper rda levels of the essential nutrients from their diets.1 Not only are children not getting proper nutrition for their growing bodies, they are establishing poor eating habits in childhood that usually persist into their adult years. It has amazed me how many of these young teenagers already have full-blown insulin resistance.
The Second National Health and Nutritional Survey evaluated twelve thousand American adults and their eating habits. |
| These are not rda levels (see Chapter 16). When these nutrients are combined and taken together in supplementation at these optimal levels, the results are simply amazing.
Cellular nutrition is simply providing all nutrients to the cell at optimal levels. This allows the cell to decide what it really does and does not need. I don't have to worry about determining in which nutrients the cell is deficient. I simply provide all of the important nutrients at optimal levels and let the cells do their work. This approach corrects any nutritional deficiencies over the next few months. |
| Most physicians who understand supplementation would agree that one must consume at least 400 IU of vitamin E daily)
The rda for vitamin C is 60 mg, even though discussions over the past few years suggest this needs to be increased to 200 mg daily. The medical literature, on the other hand, indicates that our bodies need at least 1,000 mg of vitamin C before health benefits result. This benefit improves even more as we reach 2,000 mg.
I could go through all the major nutrients and list the optimal levels shown to provide health benefit in the medical literature. |
| As you search the medical literature about oxidative stress and the amount of nutrients needed to prevent it, the level of nutritional supplementation is signif-icantiy greater than rda levels. A good example of this is vitamin E. The recommended daily allowance of vitamin E is 10IU, and in some schedules as high as 30 IU. The average American diet contains 8-10 IU. According to medical literature, you do not begin to see any health benefits until ingesting 100 IU of vitamin E in supplementation. This health benefit seems to improve all the way up to 400 IU and even higher. |
| The overwhelming majority of these studies show a significant health benefit to those patients who take nutrients at optimal levels, which are significantly higher than the rda (recommended daily allowance) levels.
Vitamins and You
When you understand the tremendous damage that oxidative stress inflicts during normal daily life on the human body, you realize how important it is to optimize your own natural defense system. Your health and life depend on it. Through my research I learned that the strongest defense against these diseases is our bodies' own natural antioxidant and immune systems. |
Gabriel Cousens, M.D.
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| So all the rda (recommended daily allowance) levels, with which the government is trying to minimize our health by assuming there is such a thing as an "average" person, create a great deal of confusion. RDAs don't pay attention to the science that has established the principles of genetic polymorphism and pluri-potential within the human potential.
Williams's concepts in the 1950s were way ahead of the research that proved his point beyond a doubt - that we are not statistical humans. We are diverse, unique human beings who operate on the principle of biological individuality. |
Hyla Cass, M.D.
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 Individual physiology, lifestyle, stress, age, prescription drug use, and physical condition all weigh heavily on our nutritional needs. The rda is not enough to keep us in optimal health.
Consider this research. Ninety students were assigned to one of three groups: one group received a multivitamin and mineral supplement; the second group received an identical-looking placebo (dummy pill); and the third group, nothing. After seven months, the IQ of those taking the supplements had increased by a staggering nine points! |
Gabriel Cousens, M.D.
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| The late Ann Wigmore's Hippocrates Diet, with emphasis on green and other fresh juices and fermented food preparations, compared the nutrients in her diet to the rda values. She found that her almost 100 percent live-food diet had six times the vitamin C, two times the B-complex vitamins, ten times more vitamin A, seven times more iron, two times the calcium, and an amount of B12 equal to that of the
RDA.6 Taken to its heavier side, she found that it could supply almost twice the protein but with half the fat. |
Michael T. Murray
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 The rda for magnesium is 350 mg per day for adult males and 300 mg per day for adult females. Diabetics may need twice this amount because they tend to lose excessive magnesium through their kidneys.35 Most of the magnesium should be derived from the diet. The average intake of magnesium by healthy adults in the United States ranges between 143 and 266 mg per day, far below the rda. Food choices are the main reason; while magnesium occurs abundantly in whole foods, food processing refines out a very large portion of magnesium. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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| What most people don't understand is that the authors of the rda only knew what degree of deprivation caused illness.
The USDA didn't really know the minimum of what you could take and still be healthy. For instance, pellagra, a condition caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) that plagued the American South in the first part of the twentieth century, was associated with mental dullness, lethargy, and other symptoms. It was related to the southern diet of fat-back, corn bread and molasses. |
Jacky Law
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 He writes:
I call them the Ridiculous Dietary Arbitraries. The rda is not a scientifically robust score for a nutrient. It's the level that prevents over deficiency, and if you take the case of vitamin C, it started at 30mg, then went to 45mg, then 60mg, while in the US it's 85mg. Now, 30mg does prevent scurvy, but scientists on the panels who decide RDAs are gradually thinking that more might be better. We [the ION] work from what is arguably the most scientific position, which is to ask, 'What is the optimal intake of a nutrient? |
Hyla Cass, M.D.
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| Less oxygen to many of the cells of the body, including those oxygen-hungry heart and brain cells.
The rda for vitamin B12 is 2.4 meg a day, so you can get enough into the body with a dose of 200 to 500 meg a day. You can use 1,000 meg or more per day without fear of harm. There is no evidence of toxicity with this vitamin, although there may be some potential for imbalance between B12 and the other B vitamins. Always accompany a B12 supplement with a B-complex-containing multivitamin. |
Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD
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 First, most rda standards are based on extrapolated data, which means they were not measured in actual experiments on real people. Second, even the experimental data collected from 19- to 30-year-old subjects was based on neutrophils, a white blood cell type that is known to have unusual vitamin C biochemistry, along with an exceptional ability to pump the vitamin into the cell body. The vitamin need of this cell type is not a reliable model for the body as a whole. |
Hyla Cass, M.D.
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| Most creatures that produce their own C make the equivalent of a human-sized dose of 10 grams a day— far more than the measly rda of 60 milligrams (mg).
The NSAID Catch-22
Another adverse effect of NSAIDs: they inhibit the action of enzymes that are needed to create healthy cartilage. Essentially, this means that the drugs used to relieve arthritis-related discomfort accelerate the progression of the disease.
One study of people with knee arthritis found that 47 percent of those taking the NSAID indomethacin got worse, as opposed to only 22 percent of those on placebo. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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| That means the rda recommendations don't apply to women, children, the elderly, small people, or sedentary folks. The USDA doesn't have a clue how much those people need. In fact, if those people followed the USDA recommendations, it wouldn't be possible to eat enough food to get all the vitamins it says are needed without getting fat, unless they exercised quite a bit. |
Hyla Cass, M.D.
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| Inositol: 100-1,000 mg per day is adequate. (The rda is 100 mg per day.) Inositol is part of the B-vitamin complex, and is likely to be included in a B-vitamin or multivitamin formulation. For more information, see lithium under Mood Stabilizer Drugs on page 120.
• Probiotics: Choose a supplement that contains at least one billion live organisms per daily dose. Antibiotics kill "good" bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum). |
Dr. Steven R. Gundry
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 Consider the example of the trace mineral selenium, which is present in nuts (particularly Brazil nuts) and yeast. The rda of selenium was established by taking ten male college students, measuring the selenium content of their diet, and determining that they weren't ill. Unfortunately, the serum level of selenium in the blood of the average American is dramatically lower than that of the average French person, who incidentally has a much lower risk of diabetes and insulin resistance. |
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