David R. Montgomery
See book keywords and concepts |  Maize and cow-pea yields in southwestern nigeria dropped by 30 to 90 percent with the loss of less than five inches of topsoil. As the Nigerian population increased, subsistence farmers moved to steeper land that could not support sustained cultivation. Cassava plantations on land with slopes steepet than eight degrees lose soil more than seventy times faster than fields sloping less than a degree. Soil erosion rates on Nigerian hillslopes planted in cassava teach over an inch a year, far beyond any conceivable replacement rate.
Social conventions hindered soil conservation. |
Dianne Onstad
See book keywords and concepts |  Nigeria means "of or from Nigeria"; sativa means "cultivated."
General Information
Cumin is native to the eastern Mediterranean, especially the upper reaches of the Nile. The seeds resemble caraway in appearance but are slightly longer and lighter in color, with quite a different flavor, being hot and pungent. The white variety is the most common, but if you shop in Indian grocery stores, you may run across black cumin (Nigeria sativa), an unrelated plant also known as nutmeg flower or Roman coriander. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts |  The seeds are used externally for dandruff in nigeria.
Indian Medicine: Behen seeds are used for fever and as an aphrodisiac. Efficacy for these indications has not yet been proved. precautions and adverse reactions
BEHEN ROOT
No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. The ingestion of larger quantities can lead to nausea, dizziness and vomiting.
BEHEN SEEDS
No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. | | Aregheore EM, A review of implications of antiquality and toxic components in unconventional feedstuffs advocated for use in intensive animal production in nigeria. Vet Hum Toxicol, 40:35-9, Feb. 1998
Badifu Gl, Akpagher EM, Effects of debittering methods on the proximate composition, organoleptic and functional properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed flour. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 51:119-26, Feb. 1996
Bhatnagar A, Gupta A, Chlorpyriphos, quinalphos and lindane residues in sesame seed and oil (Sesamum indicum L.). J Sci Food Agric, 60:596-600, Apr. | | It is also grown in forestlike conditions in the western and southwestern Sahara region (Senegal, Gambia, Ivory Coast, northern Dahomey and northern nigeria).
Production: Acacia gummi, the latex, is the result of a wound infection of the tree, which has occurred naturally or has been induced. The incised bark is removed in strips of approximately 4 cm by 60 cm. The liquid discharge dries to form a hard, glazed substance, which is collected on a weekly basis. The latex is harvested from trees, ranging from 3 to 12 years old. | | Traditional Medicinal Plants Used by Hausa Tribe of Kano State of nigeria. J Ethnopharmacol. 27 (4); 211-216. 1989
Magdel-Din-Hussein M, Helmy WA, Salem HM. Biological Activities of Some Galactomannans and Their Sulfated Derivatives. Phytochemistry 48 (3); 479-484. 1998
Datura stramonium
See Jimson Weed
Daucus carota
See Wild Carrot
Delphinium consolida
See Larkspur
Delphinium staphisagria
See Stavesacre
Devil's Claw
Harpagophytum procumbens description
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the dried tubular secondary roots and the thick lateral tubers. | | In Brazil and nigeria, the bark is used to make an astringent decoction to treat toothache and inflammation of the gums. Young leaves are used in the Philippines in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery and hemorrhoids; older leaves are used as hot poultices for burns and skin disorders. Efficacy for these indications has not been documented.
Indian Medicine: Cashew bark is used for fevers, as a laxative and anthelmintic, and to treat diabetes insipidus. One particular form is used to treat snake bites. | | Indigenous knowledge system for treatment of trypanosomiasis in Kaduna state of nigeria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Feb;79(2):279-82.
Barminas JT, Charles M, Emmanuel D. Mineral composition of non-conventional leafy vegetables. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1998;53(l):29-36.
Chauhan JS, Kumar S, Chaturvedi R. A New Flavanonol Glycoside from Adansonia digitata Roots. Planta Med. 1984 Feb;50(l):113.
Eromosele IC, Eromosele CO, Kuzhkuzha DM. Evaluation of mineral elements and ascorbic acid contents in fruits of some wild plants. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1991 Apr;41(2):151-4. |
Andreas Moritz
See book keywords and concepts |  Like in the above studies, results of a three-year clinical trial at the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, nigeria, showed that unprocessed honey can heal wounds when more modern dressings and antibiotic treatments fail. In 59 patients treated for wounds and external ulcers, honey was effective in all but one case. Much to the surprise of the researchers, topical applications kept sterile wounds sterile until they had time to heal, while infected wounds became sterile within a week. |
Mark Lynas
See book keywords and concepts |  It is often assumed that global warming will further desiccate the Sahel, allowing the Saharan dunes to march south into nigeria and Ghana, and displacing millions in the process. Although the forecasts are tentative and uncertain, both palaeoclimatic studies and computer models suggest that the reverse might be true. As other parts of Africa shrivel in the heat, could the Sahel end up as a refuge?
For clues to how the area's climate might alter, we need to venture north into the great Sahara. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Grown in forest-like conditions in the western and southwestern Sahara region (Senegal, Gambia, Ivory Coast, northern Dahomey, and northern nigeria).
Production: Acacia gummi, the latex, is the result of a wound infection of the tree, which has occurred naturally or has been induced. The incised bark is removed in strips of approximately 4 cm by 60 cm. The liquid discharge dries to form a hard, glazed substance, which is collected on a weekly basis. The latex is harvested from trees, ranging from 3 to 12 years old. |
Dianne Onstad
See book keywords and concepts | | Cumin
(Cuminum cyminum, nigeria sativa, Nigella sativa)
The name cumin is of Semitic origin but unknown meaning. nigeria means "of or from Nigeria"; sativa means "cultivated."
General Information
Cumin is native to the eastern Mediterranean, especially the upper reaches of the Nile. The seeds resemble caraway in appearance but are slightly longer and lighter in color, with quite a different flavor, being hot and pungent. |
Sophie D. Coe and Michael D. Coe
See book keywords and concepts |  According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the leading producers, in the order of importance, are: (1) the Ivory Coast; (2) Brazil; (3) Ghana; (4) Malaysia; (5) Indonesia; (6) Nigeria; (7) Cameroon;
(8) Ecuador; (9) Columbia; (10) Dominican Republic; (11) Mexico; (12) Papua New Guinea.28 Even more forastero cacao is grown than ever, a consequence of the discovery of disease-resistant plants in the upper Amazon, so the forastero now accounts for 80 percent of world production; 10 to 15 percent is trinitario; and criollo comes in a poor third. | | From the colonies of Portuguese Africa, Theobroma cacao made the journey to the Gold Coast (Ghana), then to nigeria, and by 1905 to the Ivory Coast. Towards the end of the 19th century, the Germans planted it in the Cameroons.
Heading east across the tropics of the Old World, the British carried it to Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and the Dutch to their colonies in the East Indies (Java and Sumatra). By the first part of the 20th century, the European imperial ascendancy had established cacao plantations in Oceania—in the New Hebrides and New Guinea, and even on Samoa. |
David R. Montgomery
See book keywords and concepts | | Some subsistence farmers in nigeria made a few simple changes and transformed their fields—at no cost. Tethering their sheep and feeding them crop stubble instead of letting them wander freely allowed collecting manure to fertilize the next crop. Planting cowpeas as part of a crop rotation also helped enhance soil fertility. Low earth-and-stone walls built around the fields kept soil from leaving in heavy rainfall. Crop yields doubled or even tripled without chemical fertilizer. What was required was labor—exactly what subsistence farmers can afford to give. |
Ben-Erik van Wyk
See book keywords and concepts |  Congo, nigeria, and Gabon, while C. nitida grows naturally in Ashanti, the Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone. Both species are cultivated in nigeria, tropical America and Indonesia. Fresh seeds have been used since ancient times for chewing, as they produce a stimulating effect. Parts used Ripe seeds, known as cola nuts. Cultivation & harvesting Seeds are harvested from plantations and are also wild-harvested to some extent. After removal of the seed coat, the seeds or seed segments are dried. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
See book keywords and concepts |  Mexico and China compete for second place in production, followed by Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand, nigeria, Brazil, the Philippines, and Haiti. In the United States, Florida has been the main producer, but California is now beginning production in the Coachella Valley.
Why Should I Eat Mangoes?
Mangoes are an excellent source of vitamins A and C, potassium, and carotenes, including beta-carotene. The vitamin content varies depending on the maturity and variety of the fruit. Green mangoes contain more vitamin C (as it ripens, the amount of beta-carotene increases). | | China, Turkey, Spain, Romania, nigeria, and Mexico are the main producers of bell peppers. India, Mexico, Indonesia, China, and Korea are the leading hot pepper producers.
Why Should I Eat Peppers?
Peppers are rich in vitamin C and a good source of beta-carotene and B vitamins. They also contain flavonoids and capsaicinoids, inflammation-reducing phytochemicals.
Home Remedies
Heat up cold feet with a pinch of cayenne pepper in each sock. (Can you smell what the sock's got cookin'? | | India, China, Indonesia, nigeria, the Philippines, and Thailand currently are the main ginger producers. In the United States, ginger is grown mostly in California, Hawaii, and Florida.
Why Should I Eat Ginger?
Ginger is a rich source of powerful antioxidants such as gingerols, shogaols, and zingerones.
Home Remedies
Ginger has been used as a home remedy through many generations for treating a variety of conditions. |
Mark Lynas
See book keywords and concepts | | On the borders of what is today Chad, nigeria and Cameroon, an immense lake, over 350,000 square kilometres in area, extended across the southern Sahara. Nicknamed Lake Mega-Chad, after its modern-day remnant Lake Chad, this gigantic inland sea was the largest freshwater body that Africa had seen for the last two and a half million years. It would have been only slightly smaller than today's largest lake, the Caspian Sea. |
Mark Schapiro
See book keywords and concepts |  More than fifty rows of chairs filled the room—there sat every country from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Mexico, nigeria, Spain, Turkey, all the way down to Zambia. At the back of the room were three rows set aside for "nonvoting observers," including representatives who had not ratified the treaty. There sat three delegates from the U.S. government—two from the EPA and one from the State Department. They found themselves in unusual company. |
Gabriel Cousens
See book keywords and concepts |  Spain _ nigeria Canada _ United Kingdom _ i_i_I_i_i_
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Billions of ID and millions of people with diabetes
Figure 11: Annual health expenditure for diabetes (international dollars) compared to people with diabetes in the twenty-five countries with the largest numbers of people with diabetes in 2007
Government budgets worldwide will face the immense strain of diabetes care on disability payments, pensions, social and medical service, and revenue loss.
Diabetes affects all people in society, not just those who live with the disease. |
Joseph Campbell
See book keywords and concepts | | The Englishman dressing for dinner in the jungles of nigeria feels that there is reason in his act. The young artist wearing his whiskers into the lobby of the Ritz will be glad to explain his idiosyncrasy. The Roman collar sets apart the man of the pulpit. A twentieth-century nun floats by in a costume from the Middle Ages. The wife is insulated, more or less, by her ring.
The tales of W. Somerset Maugham describe the metamorphoses that overcome the bearers of the white man's burden who neglect the taboo of the dinner jacket. Many folksongs give testimony to the dangers of the broken ring. |
Mark Schapiro
See book keywords and concepts | | As a Basel Action Network investigation showed, at least 50 percent of the e-waste that is collected for recycling in the United States is shipped to scrap yeards in developing countries like Taiwan, the Philippines, nigeria, and China. | | Suddenly, hundreds of firms discovered that they had to come up with new materials inside their machines—which they, and not some distant dump in China or nigeria, would have to process safely, recycling what they could. The result has been the creation of "take-back" stations in retail outlets across Europe —including office-supply stores selling Epsons — where e-waste is collected and processed in an environmentally sound manner. | | The Basel Action Network, a Seattle-based non-governemental organization, sent investigators around the world and determined that at least 50 percent of the used cell phones, computers, televisions, and other e-waste that is collected for recycling in the United States is shipped overseas to scrap yards in places like Taiwan, the
Philippines, nigeria, and China, where oversight has been minimal, at best. |
Joseph Campbell
See book keywords and concepts | | The Basumbwa (tale of the Great Chief, Death) and the Wachaga (tale of Kyazimba) are East African peoples; the Yoruba (tale of Edshu) inhabit the West Coast colony of nigeria.
74 Koran, 6:59, 60. 77 Koran, 2:115.
75 Luke, 2:7. 7SKatha Upanishad, 3:12.
76 Ovid, Metamorphoses, VIII, 618-724.
Viracocha, therefore, in this manner of manifesting his ubiquity, participates in the character of the highest of the universal gods. Furthermore his synthesis of sun-god and storm-god is familiar. |
Dr Ron Roberts
See book keywords and concepts |  Pauling concentrated on the effect of large doses of Vitamin C on the cold virus, but investigations have revealed that people receiving 100-200 mg Vitamin C per day show a decrease in the incidence of other conditions, for example, asthma, glandular fever, laryngitis and chronic fatigue syndrome.
In nigeria, where asthmatic symptoms have been shown to be worse during the wet season, a trial was carried out using Vitamin C. The asthmatics were divided into two groups, and 1000 mg (1 g) of Vitamin C was given daily to one group of asthmatics and a placebo to the control group. |
Roberta Bivins
See book keywords and concepts |  This was certainly my own experience living in rural nigeria. Until a nearby town got its first biomedical clinic in the mid-1970s, healing in my village came in two forms: hit-or-miss self-medication with whatever western drugs (often out-of-date, or worse) turned up in the market, or traditional medicine. Even when the clinic opened, its use by villagers depended on the availability of my parents' tiny VW Bug (the only car in the village at that time) and someone to drive it. |
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