Gary Null and Amy McDonald
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 Current California Autism diagnosis by quarter:
Total # children
Quarter
3-5 years old
Net gain
Change in net gain
1Q2003
4228
189
+81
2Q 2003
4466
238
+49
3Q2003
4558
92
-146
4Q 2003
4611
53
-39
1Q2004
4793
182
+129
2Q 2004
4894
101
-81
3Q 2004
4997
103
+2
4Q 2004
5156
159
+56
1Q 2005
5307
151
-8
2Q2005
5446
139
-12
3Q 2005
5539
93
-46
FUNDING RESEARCH: In the late 1990s The national institutes of health (NIH) funded just $5 million in Autism Research. Today, the national institutes of health funds allocation:
?$29 billion Total NIH funding
? |
Charles Barber
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 Many of the new drugs are actually developed not at the big drug companies but at universities, small biotech firms, and the national institutes of health. Big Pharma has instead cast its lot with the pharmaceutical equivalent of picking low-hanging fruit. In recent years, the industry giants have largely gone in for producing what are called "me-too" drugs, slight variants on existing blockbuster medications, rather than searching for something truly new. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 Pollard, a fifty-five-year-old native of Australia, is the author of sixty scientific papers, an international conference presenter, and has participated on six national institutes of health committees. He has made a career both in Australia and in California, investigating the way mercury influences the function of different sets of proteins in human body tissue and leads to autoimmune disease. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 University scientists receive research grants from the national institutes of health (NIH). The NIH is supported by money from taxes. Take the case of the COX-2 inhibitors, like Vioxx. The mechanisms of COX-2 inhibition that led to the development of the COX-2 inhibitors were discovered at a university by researchers supported by taxpayers' dollars.
In order to keep making money, drug companies are under enormous pressure to create new drugs they can patent and sell without competition for twenty years, after which patents run out and generic (cheaper) versions go to market. |
| Furberg, a former head of clinical trials at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and now a professor at Wake Forest University in North Carolina, explained how such information reaches physicians: "The [company] reps tell the doctors, 'You should follow these guidelines,' implying that you're not a good doctor if you don't follow these guidelines" {Los Angeles Times, December 22, 2004, "The National Institutes of Health: Public Servant or Private Marketer?"). |
| Los Angeles Times, December 22, 2004, "The National Institutes of Health: Public Servant or Private Marketer?"). Dr. Brewer left the NIH in 2005 in the midst of adverse publicity about potential conflicts of interest. Nassir Ghaemi, M.D., a psychiatrist at Emory University, was quoted in the Emory Academic Exchange (February 2007) as having said, "Critics say we are being influenced and don't realize it—that drug companies are smarter than we are and know a lot more about human psychology than we think, and they're probably right about that to some extent. |
| DIABETES AND STATINS
A couple of studies showing a reduction of heart attacks in diabetics without heart disease have received so much attention that the National Cholesterol Education Panel of the national institutes of health has been spurred to call diabetics "heart-disease equivalents." However, more recent studies like ASCOT, PROSPER, and ALLHAT, show no benefit for diabetics without heart disease. |
Roberta Bivins
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 In 1991, Congress mandated the US national institutes of health (NIH) to investigate 'unconventional medicine'. The NIH opened its Office of Alternative Medicine in 1992, but budgeted only a paltry $2 million for its operations?.02 per cent of its budget for research on therapies then used by an estimated 35 per cent of American citizens. After a bitter and protracted battle with Congress, that budget was increased to $50 million in the late 1990s—still less, as one dermatologist pointed out, than was spent on toenail fungus alone. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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| Guidelines from a national institutes of health Consensus Conference recommend that hypnotics not be used for more than six weeks because of problems with rebound insomnia, withdrawal, dependence, and other poor health consequences. In the real world, however, patients are treated for months or years with medication, and nothing is known about the long-term side effects or potential for dependency.
Based on objective monitoring in the laboratory, the average insomniac sleeps six hours a night. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
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 In the United States, the national institutes of health (NIH) concluded in 2004 that there was no competent evidence to support concerns about safety in the use of black cohosh in breast cancer patients and that there is inadequate evidence that black cohosh preparations are causally associated with hepatotoxicity. No warning labels are required on black cohosh products in the United States. In the recent Osmers study, liver enzyme testing was done, and there was no adverse effect on liver function tests. |
Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey
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 One clue comes from the national institutes of health. On their Human Genome Project website, they report that environmental factors may be the single most important trigger in whether a genetic mutation is expressed or not: "Scientists estimate that each of us carries between 5 and 50 [gene] mutations that carry some risk for disease or disability. Some of us may not experience negative consequences from the mutations we carry, either because we do not live long enough for it to happen or because we may not be exposed to the relevant environmental triggers. |
Charles Barber
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| Since the early 2000s, the national institutes of health has dedicated millions to fund pilot research.32 There are new graduate programs opening and money flowing from major foundations (the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation's Network on Mind-Body Interactions, the James S. McDonnell Foundation's "Bridging Mind, Brain and Behavior)." The field's own journal, Social Neuroscience, was launched in 2006.
Although the field has only recently begun to gain some traction, some prescient researchers have been working in this area since the 1970s. |
Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD
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 An epidemiological study, published in 2000 by the national institutes of health, showed that adults with blood plasma concentrations of more than 73.8 micromoles of vitamin C experienced a 57% reduction in risk of dying of any cause and 62% reduced relative risk of dying of cancer when compared with individuals consuming low amounts of vitamin C and having blood plasma concentrations of 28 micromoles or less.6 A further study showed that, for every 500 microgram increase in blood serum vitamin C concentration, there was an 11% reduction in coronary heart disease and stroke prevalence. |
| National Institutes of Health News Release, April 20,1999. NIH Research shows 100 to 200 mg of vitamin C daily may benefit healthy adults, http:www.nih.gov/ news/pr/apr99/niddk- 20.htm
5 Gupta C. Share the Wealth Newsletter. The Vitamin C Fanatics Were Right All Along. July 09, 2004. http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2004/07/09/ the_vitamin_c_fanatics_were_right.html
6 Loria M, Klag MJ, Caulfield LE, Whelton PK. Vitamin C status and mortality in US adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 July;72(i):i39-45.
7 Simon JA, Hudes ES, Browner WS. |
| For this reason, the national institutes of health investigators have maintained that five daily servings of vegetables and fresh fruits are enough to provide about 200 mg of ascorbic acid and so allow blood levels of vitamin C to reach their optimums. However, recent studies have shown this belief to be in error. |
Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN
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| According to the National Library of Medicine, the national institutes of health, and similar organizations, many herbal colon cleansers are not only ineffective but can also put your health at serious risk.
The majority of these companies choose to include cheap and potentially dangerous ingredients in their formulations. Popular herbal ingredients to be especially wary of include Psyllium, Cascara sagrada, and Senna. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 Lyrics. national institutes of health website. http://www.niehs.nih.gov/kids/lyrics/spoonful.htm.
Spreen, Allan N. Nutritionally Incorrect: Why the American Diet Is Dangerous and How to Defend Yourself. Pleasant Grove, UT: Woodland Publishing, 1999.
Starbucks. "Beverage Details: Strawberries & Creme Frappuccino Blended Creme." http://www.starbucks.com /retail /nutrition_beverage_detail.asp?selProducts=230&x=13&y= 6&strAction=GETDEFAULT.
The Sugar Association. "Science Says: The Real Scoop on Sugar Consumption." http://www.sugar. org/science/consumptionscoop.html.
-. |
| Volkow, a psychiatrist and former director of Brookhaven's Neuroimaging Center, who is now director of the National Institutes of Health's National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
"We suspect that obese people feel compelled to eat more high-energy foods like sweets to feel satisfied to compensate for their low dopamine state," explains Dr. Wang, lead scientist on the study. "By eating more, they're trying to stimulate dopamine 'pleasure' circuits in their brains just as addicts do by taking drugs. |
| Block, who is also a medical research consultant to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, the national institutes of health (NIH), and editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed medical journal Integrative Cancer Therapies.
Ultimately, what it comes down to is this: somehow in the midst of all our concern about fat intake, physicians and patients alike have often ignored sugar's role in developing major killer diseases such as cancer. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
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| The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recommendations68 (last revised in 1997) and the national institutes of health (NIH) recommendations69 (last revised in 1994) are the two most well-accepted guidelines for calcium intake in women (see the following sidebar).
To determine how much calcium you should take in a supplement, you must first estimate what your dietary intake is. |
Michael Pollan
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 Joseph Hibbeln, the researcher at the national institutes of health who conducted population studies correlating omega-3 consumption with everything from stroke to suicide, says that the billions we spend on antiinflammatory drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen is money spent to undo the effects of too much omega-6 in the diet. He writes, "The increases in world [omega-6] consumption over the past century may be considered a very large uncontrolled experiment that may have contributed to increased societal burdens of aggression, depression, and cardiovascular mortality. |
Craig Pepin-Donat
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 The inherent flaws with the BMI guidelines are outlined in the Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults published by The national institutes of health, which states that the BMI guidelines may not be accurate when there is a presence of edema (accumulation of fluid in the tissues), high muscularity, muscle wasting or for very short people. If you are pregnant or lactating, the BMI standards do not apply at all. |
| Goozner demonstrates that almost all the important new drugs of the past quarter-century actually originated from research at taxpayer-funded universities and at the national institutes of health. He reports that once the innovative work is over, the pharmaceutical industry often steps in to reap the profit. |
| National Library of Medicine and the national institutes of health.
PDR® Family Guide to Prescription Drugs www.pdrhealth.com
Information on disease, drugs, treatment and clinical trials.
Public Citizen www.worstpills. |
| Part of the national institutes of health)
National Institute on Drug Abuse www.nida.nih.gov
Nicotine Solutions www.NicotineSolutions.com
Smoke Enders www.SmokeEnders.com addiction — general topics
7 Tools to Beat Addiction
Stanton Peele, Ph.D. |
Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron
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 These discolorations (technically referred to as solar lentigo, melasma, and cholasma) are caused by sun damage or hormone-related changes, not the liver (Sources: Clinical & Experimental Dermatology, October 2001, page 583; and Medline Plus, national institutes of health, www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/00114l.htm). In fact, the primary way to combat and potentially eliminate these brown pigment changes is with an effective, well-fotmulated sunscreen. |
Michael T. Murray and Michael R. Lyon
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 The statistics from the national institutes of health tell us that 98 percent of people who lose weight by dieting end up gaining it back within five years. And 90 percent of those people gain back more weight than they lost. Based upon these statistics, one could actually conclude that dieting is a significant contributor to obesity in the United States.
Diets fail because they result in an increased appetite drive as you lose weight, making it harder to resist temptation as time goes on. |
| The focus right now by various medical organizations such as the national institutes of health to combat the epidemic of diabetes and obesity in the Pima Indians is to educate children on the importance of exercise and dietary choices to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
The reason why diet and lifestyle are so much more important than genetic factors in influencing body weight, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes is the difference between the genotype and its actual expression, phenotype. Genotype refers to a particular genetic code. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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| In order to assess the ability of a variety of medications to prevent heart attack, the national institutes of health (NIH) sponsored the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALL-HAT). This study assessed, in addition to antihypertensive treatments, the ability of the statin drug pravastatin (Pravachol) as opposed to usual care to reduce mortality in 10,355 high-risk men and women over the age of fifty-five with LDL cholesterol over 120 mg/dL and triglycerides less than 350 mg/dL who were not already being treated for high cholesterol. |
Michael Pollan
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| In the case of the Women's Health Initiative study of dietary fat, a $415 million undertaking sponsored by the national institutes of health, the eating habits and health outcomes of nearly forty-nine thousand women (aged fifty to seventy-nine) were tracked for eight years to assess the impact of a low-fat diet on a woman's risk of breast and colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease. Forty percent of the women were told to reduce their consumption of fat to 20 percent of total calories. |
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