Nagasaki

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Seeds of Change: Six Plants That Transformed Mankind Henry Hobhouse See book keywords and concepts

The Dutch were confined to Deshima Island near nagasaki, a mere strip of sand and shingle 200 yards long and 3 yards wide. While in harbor their ships had to take guns, rudder, and sails ashore, and offload their ammunition. Thus rendered safe and immobile, the ships were unloaded at Dutch expense, and the trade conducted on Japanese terms. No Japanese was allowed to speak to any foreigner unless another was present to note what was said. The Dutch were not allowed to be buried ashore, or to go ashore from the island to the town of nagasaki, or to pray in public, or to celebrate the Sabbath.

Overtreated: Why Too Much Medicine Is Making Us Sicker and Poorer Shannon Brownlee See book keywords and concepts

More than half of Hiroshima and nagasaki survivors were exposed to relatively low doses of radiation; nonetheless, they went on to develop cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer, including leukemia, thyroid cancer, and breast and lung cancer. In a report by the prestigious National Academy of Sciences, issued in 2006, experts estimated that a sixty-year-old who undergoes an annual whole-body CT scan over the next fifteen years has a 1 in 220 risk of dying from cancer due to radiation exposure. The risk of dying in a car accident, by way of comparison, is nearly the same, 1 in 200.

The Secret History of the War on Cancer Devra Davis See book keywords and concepts

World War II in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and nagasaki. Of the estimated 600,000 people affected by the atomic bombs, fewer than 270,000 are alive today. There is a possibility that this record has created an interesting bias. Those who died of radiation sickness relatively quickly were probably weaker than those who survived the blast. As a result, the grounds on which we base our estimate of radiation-related cancer may tell us what happens to healthy survivors but not their far weaker neighbors who succumbed to the blasts.

With numerous industrial facilities going full bore, that city became, with nagasaki, a target for the devastating blast of the world's first atomic bombs in 1945. The ability of the Japanese to send missiles with poisonous materials from submarines onto the Pacific coast of America was rightly feared. They had shown no hesitation in using such gases on their enemies in various Asian theaters, and had also used gas on a large scale to kill prisoners of war.

There Is a Cure for Diabetes: The Tree of Life 21-Day+ Program Gabriel Cousens See book keywords and concepts

As Jane Plant, PhD, remarks in The No Dairy Breast Cancer Prevention Program: The Japanese cities of Hiroshima and nagasaki have similar rates of breast cancer: and remember, both cities were attacked with nuclear weapons, so in addition to the usual pollution-related cancers, one would also expect to find some radiation-related cases. If, as a North American woman, one was living a Japanese lifestyle in industrialized, irradiated Hiroshima, you would slash your risk of contracting breast cancer by a half to a third. The conclusion is inescapable.

Feel Better, Live Longer with Vitamin B-3 Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD See book keywords and concepts

Gulbinat and coworkers, for example, studied the incidence of cancer among schizophrenics in nagasaki, Japan, Aarhus, Denmark, and Honolulu, Hawaii, and compared these rates with that of the local general public.44 Interestingly, although cancer incidence was generally much lower among Caucasian schizophrenics, it was elevated in Japanese schizophrenics in both Hawaii and Japan. Of particular interest here were the very low relative risks of lung cancer in both Danish males (rr = 0.38) and females (rr = 0.33) during the period 1957 to 1980. D.

The Green Tea Book Lester A. Mitscher and Victoria Toews See book keywords and concepts

Japanese researchers at the nagasaki University School of Medicine had similar results in an experiment with rats. When rats were given EGCG in their water, their life span was considerably prolonged. The researchers who conducted this study identified the free radical-fighting abilities of green tea as its longevity-enhancing aspect.2 Most health experts agree that the "free radical theory of aging" holds the most promise for understanding—and slowing—the aging process.

The possibility of green tea as a supportive agent during cancer treatment first emerged in the minds of researchers as a result of the exposure of Japanese civilians to massive levels of radiation after the atomic bombings of nagasaki and Hiroshima. Later, during the 1970s, Chinese investigators started to examine the potential of green tea extract as a protective agent against the effects of ionizing radiation. In 1994, several departments of the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Zhe Jiang Medical University began a clinical trial of green tea polyphenols.

The Long Emergency: Surviving the End of Oil, Climate Change, and Other Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century James Howard Kunstler See book keywords and concepts

Berlin was reduced to gravel; London was badly mutilated; and, of course, Hiroshima and nagasaki became radioactive ashtrays. The casualties of World War I had been enormous, astonishing, appalling beyond civilized peoples' wildest dreams, but the victims had been overwhelmingly soldiers. The casualties in World War II were overwhelmingly civilians and in much greater aggregate numbers. Through the 1950s and 1960s, Europe, Japan, and Russia succeeded in eventually resuming industrial activity.

Seeds of Change: Six Plants That Transformed Mankind Henry Hobhouse See book keywords and concepts

From about 1550 until 1616 the Japanese traded with Europeans at home, in Osaka, nagasaki, and Yokohama, and all over the East. The Japanese bargained and exchanged with the Spanish in the Philippines, with the Portuguese in the Indies, and with the Dutch in Formosa. The Dutch in particular were of great importance as intermediaries with China, who would not countenance direct trade with the foreign devils, the Japanese.

The Dutch were not allowed to be buried ashore, or to go ashore from the island to the town of nagasaki, or to pray in public, or to celebrate the Sabbath. Nor were they allowed to entertain anyone in a Dutch house or ship: except for "public women" (the Japanese were always practical people). These severities were imposed upon the Dutch, and all other foreigners were excluded; for one reason only. For the fifty years up to 1640 Japan had suffered Christian missionaries—mostly Roman Catholics, but some Protestants.

The Whole Soy Story: The dark side of America's favorite health food Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN See book keywords and concepts

Francis Hospital in nagasaki suffered few ill effects from residual radiation if they ate miso and seaweed. Agricultural research scientist Morishita Kenichiro later discovered that miso and natto contain dipicolinic acid, an alkaloid capable of grabbing onto radioactive strontium so that it can be ushered safely out of the body.42 Radioprotective effects extend to X-ray and radiation therapies used for medical diagnoses and cancer treatment, with a 2001 study showing significantly greater protection coming from misos that have undergone lengthy (rather than short or medium-term) fermentation.

But a study of 34,759 women in Hiroshima and nagasaki, Japan, found no significant association between breast cancer risk and consumption of soy foods.41 In their petition, the Solae Company dismisses this study as irrelevant because it was carried out in cities where women were exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation after the atomic bomb,42 but the fact that women consuming high levels of soy protein did not enjoy special protection is very significant.

The Pathological Protein: Mad Cow, Chronic Wasting, and Other Deadly Prion Diseases Philip Yam See book keywords and concepts

The real reason that the mice became ataxic, however, turned out to be the way the nagasaki researchers had cut out the PrP gene of the mice. Other PrP-null mice, made by labs in Edinburgh and Zurich, were missing only about two-thirds of the protein-encoding part of their PrP gene (such a partial removal is usually enough to curtail the expression of the normal protein). The nagasaki investigators, however, removed the entire protein-encoding sequence of the gene, as well as some of the flanking regions.

Between 6 and 12 months of age, the nagasaki mice developed ataxia from a loss of Purkinje cells. These specialized neurons relay signals out of the cerebellum, the brain structure that controls muscle coordination. Because the problem could be prevented by the introduction of the PrP gene, the researchers concluded that the ataxia arose because of the absence of PrPC. The real reason that the mice became ataxic, however, turned out to be the way the nagasaki researchers had cut out the PrP gene of the mice.

In 1996, researchers from the nagasaki University School of Medicine developed a strain of PrP-null mice that got sick spontaneously, in contrast to previous lines of PrP-null mice. Between 6 and 12 months of age, the nagasaki mice developed ataxia from a loss of Purkinje cells. These specialized neurons relay signals out of the cerebellum, the brain structure that controls muscle coordination. Because the problem could be prevented by the introduction of the PrP gene, the researchers concluded that the ataxia arose because of the absence of PrPC.

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It is probable that Americans were also exposed to fallout blown over the Pacific from the World War II detonations at Hiroshima and nagasaki, test detonations carried out in the Pacific, test detonations carried out in the Soviet Union, and from nuclear power plant disasters such as Chernobyl and Three-Mile Island. This wind-blown fallout from domestic tests, as well as from sources abroad, resulted in a great deal of "direct" radiation exposure to many people who later developed cancer. But it also settled onto our crops and into our soil and water.

Disease Prevention and Treatment The Life Extension Editorial Staff See book keywords and concepts

Many reports have come from Japanese research studies that followed the nuclear catastrophe resulting from atomic bombs that were dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and nagasaki in 1945. In a report to the Genetal Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan on an early study in animals, Ichimura (1973) reported that chlorella (8 grams daily) increased elimination of cadmium: threefold in feces and sevenfold in urine. Other researchers from Japan showed that chlorella helped detoxify uranium and lead (Horikoshi et al. 1979).

The Pathological Protein: Mad Cow, Chronic Wasting, and Other Deadly Prion Diseases Philip Yam See book keywords and concepts

Other PrP-null mice, made by labs in Edinburgh and Zurich, were missing only about two-thirds of the protein-encoding part of their PrP gene (such a partial removal is usually enough to curtail the expression of the normal protein). The nagasaki investigators, however, removed the entire protein-encoding sequence of the gene, as well as some of the flanking regions. Sure enough, when bigger genetic chunks of the Zurich and Edinburgh strains were similarly knocked out, they too developed ataxia.

Evidently the nagasaki team didn't slice out all of the relevant parts of the PrP gene: They had left in the switch that turns the gene on. (Technically speaking, they had left the PrP gene's promoter region intact.) Without a PrP gene to trigger, the switch activated the next gene it encountered. It turned out that this gene is extremely similar to the PrP gene. Westaway and his colleagues called it Prnd, and the protein it makes doppel (German for double). Consisting of 179 amino acids, doppel is a few dozen amino acids shorter than PrPc.

Outsmart Your Cancer: Alternative Non-Toxic Treatments That Work Tanya Harter Pierce See book keywords and concepts

Three days later, on August 9, another bomb was detonated over nagasaki. No studies on the widespread fallout of these wartime detonations were ever done, partly because scientists at that time did not have the technology to detect or measure many of the radioactive particles. We still do not know how much of the fallout from those two war-time bombs actually circulated via wind over the United States and other parts of the world and was deposited on land and in waterways.

For example, the pluto-nium for the bomb dropped over nagasaki was produced at the Hanford Plutonium Nuclear Reservation in central Washington State. It is now known that the Hanford facility regularly released radioactive iodine-131 into the atmosphere from the years 1944 to 1972 as part of their process of developing nuclear bomb material. And it is a little known fact that, in 1945, the Hanford facility "accidentally" released an amount of radioactive iodine into the American skies that was equivalent to the amount released in the 1986 Chernobyl disaster!

When Healing Becomes A Crime: The Amazing Story of the Hoxsey Cancer Clinics and the Return of Alternative Therapies Kenny Ausubel See book keywords and concepts

The horror of the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and nagasaki created a massive public relations problem for atomic energy. The result was a spirited campaign by the military to give radiation a positive image, and "our friend, the atom" presently donned a benign medical face. As the AMA claimed in 1947, "Medically applied atomic science has already saved more lives than were lost in the explosions at Hiroshima and nagasaki.

Outsmart Your Cancer: Alternative Non-Toxic Treatments That Work Tanya Harter Pierce See book keywords and concepts

No big studies have ever been undertaken to assess the radioactive exposure caused by: (1) "Cold War" nuclear testing in the former Soviet Union that might have blown over the United States, (2) exposure from our own nuclear testing in the Pacific that might have blown back over our country, or (3) radioactive fallout from the detonation of the bombs over Hiroshima and nagasaki which might have blown back to our country.

Conscious Eating Gabriel Cousens, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

Francis Clinic in nagasaki during World War II. Dr. Akizuki's clinic was one mile from the blast when the atomic bomb went off in nagasaki. Dr. Akizuki and his staff, who ate miso regularly, did not suffer radiation sickness as they cared for the victims of the atomic blast in the weeks and years following the event. Unfortunately, according to Dr. Schechter in a personal communication, when scientists such as himself tried to validate this great story, they were not able to find any proof of its veracity or any documentary research.

Staying Healthy in a Risky Environment: The New York University Medical Center Family Guide Arthur C. Upton, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

It is artificial rather than natural; it is controlled by someone else and involuntary; its technological complexity makes it seem exotic to most of us; it causes one of the more dreaded outcomes (cancer); it can be fatal; it affects both the innocent and the "guilty" (unfair); we associate it with horrific images of memorable events that crystallize its dangers (Hiroshima and nagasaki, the explosion of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor); and we have had previous experiences that may cause us to question the trustworthiness of the authorities whose expertise we rely upon to protect us.

The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know James Trefil, Joseph F. Kett, and E. D. Hirsch See book keywords and concepts

The war in the Pacific ended in September 1945 (see V-J Day), after the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and nagasaki. In the aftermath of World War 11, more constructive and less punitive measures were applied to the defeated countries than after World War 1 (see Marshall Plan, Nuremberg trials, and United Nations). The political leaders of the war included Winston Churchill of Britain, Adolf Hitler of Germany, Benito Mussolini of Italy, Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union.

After a test explosion in July 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and nagasaki. Marshall, George C. A soldier and diplomat of the twentieth century. He was a leading planner of stratby an anarchist (see anarchism) shortly after his reelection. fa McKinley's presidency is often remembered as a time of rising American jingoism and imperialism. Midway Island, Battle of A naval and air battle fought in World War ii in which planes from American aircraft carriers blunted the Japanese naval threat in the Pacific after Pearl Harbor.

He led the nation in the final months of World War 11, and made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and nagasaki in Japan. Truman enthusiastically supported the United Nations, and put forward the Marshall Plan to aid the recovery of Europe after the war. He sent American troops to support the United Nations in the Korean War, and, in a controversial move, removed General Douglas MacArthur from his command in Korea. (See Truman-MacArthur controversy.) ^ Truman's homespun, often feisty style of leadership made him a symbol of no-nonsense Middle America.

First Japanese port to welcome Western traders in the sixteenth century, and the only Japanese port open to the West from 1641 to 1858. fa nagasaki became the second populated area to be devastated by an atomic bomb, on August 9, 1945. (See also Hiroshima.) Nairobi (neye-roh-bee) Capital of Kenya and largest city in the country, located in southern Kenya. fa Capital of British East Africa — Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, and Zanzibar (see Tanzania) — from 1905 until the colonies became independent in the early 1960s, fa Center for tourist safaris.

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