Gary Null and Amy McDonald
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 Results of early studies were not supportive and in 2001 a review by the institute of medicine concluded that the evidence favors the rejection of a causal relationship at the population level between measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autistic spectrum disorder. Studies published since the institute of medicine report have continued not to find an increased risk of autistic spectrum disorder associated with measles-mumps-rubella. The vaccine also has not been found to be associated with a unique syndrome of developmental regression and gastrointestinal disorders. |
Dr. Steve Blake
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 There was not sufficient information for the Food and Nutrition Board of the institute of medicine to determine RDAs for manganese. Instead they published adequate intakes (AI), which are based on average consumption. Please refer to Table 13-4.
Table 13-4 Adequate intakes for manganese for all ages.
Adequate Intakes
Males
1 email's for Manganese
Age mg/day mg/day
Infants
0-6 months
0.003
0.003
Infants
7-12 months
0.6
0.6
Children
1-3 years
1.2
1.2
Children
4—8 years
1.5
1.5
Children
9-13 years
1.9
1.6
Adolescents
14-18 years
2.2
1.6
Adults
19 years and older
2. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 So few adverse effects have been reported that the institute of medicine has never established a Tolerable Upper Intake Level for it. According to Georgetown University Medical Center professor Harry Preuss, M.D., C.N.S., rats fed trivalent chromium at levels thousands of times higher than the reference dose for humans, based on body weight, didn't show any toxic effects.
Glutamine for Cravings
NEXT TIME a carbohydrate urge hits, reach for the white stuff. No, not granulated sugar. Glutamine. |
Andreas Moritz
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 A 1993 report released by the American National Academy of Science institute of medicine concluded that virtually all nine vaccines given to children have at some time been proved to cause damage, including such complications as shock, convulsions, or paralysis. The problem is that a child's body is expected to cope with not just one type of poison contained in one vaccine, but with several different ones contained in as many as nine vaccines. Many children have died or become permanently and severely brain damaged within days after immunization. |
| As for now, despite the warnings, flu vaccines which contain thimerosal continue to be recommended for all pregnant women, infants and children, even though the institute of medicine recommended in 2001 that these population groups not be exposed to thimerosal-containing vaccines. One in every six women of childbearing age has enough mercury in her bloodstream to cause neurological damage to her unborn children, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. |
Dr. Steve Blake
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| The Food and Nutrition Board of the institute of medicine has set RDAs for molybdenum, as seen in Table 13-6. Adequate Intakes (AI) were set for infants.
Molybdenum found in nutritional supplements is often in the form of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate.
TOXICITY OF MOLYBDENUM
Molybdenum has a low toxicity. Exposure to very high intakes of 10 mg to 15 mg has resulted in increased levels of uric acid in the blood and gout-like symptoms. The tolerable upper intake level has been set at a conservative 2 mg for adults. |
| The Food and Nutrition Board of the institute of medicine established adequate intake levels (AI) for potassium in 2004. These levels are designed to supply adequate potassium to lower blood pressure and minimize the risk of kidney stones. The AI for children ranges from 3 to 4.5 grams. The AI for adults is 4.7 grams.
POTASSIUM TOXICITY AND POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTS
Potassium is limited to 99 mg in supplemental form in the United States. Supplemental potassium is available as potassium chloride, bicarbonate, citrate, aspartate, gluconate, and orotate. |
| Recommended Levels of Calcium
The Food and Nutrition Board of the institute of medicine has set Adequate Intake levels (AI) for calcium. An RDA was not set because of the many factors that interact to affect bone health. As noted above, extra sodium and protein change the amount of calcium needed in the diet. If vitamin D is inadequate for long periods of time, lower levels of circulating calcidiol (the precursor form of vitamin D) may limit calcium absorption. Bone formation also requires vitamin K, vitamin A, magnesium, and potassium. |
Bill Sardi
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 Zajicek, Medical Hypotheses
47: 111-15, 1996 lem, says a report from the National Cancer Policy Board, of the institute of medicine, is that cancer survivors mostly "go it on their own." After treatment, patients are sent back to their primary care physicians, often without a plan for follow-up care. The big problem is that doctors aren't reimbursed for follow-up care, so it gets neglected. |
Dr. Steve Blake
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| To prevent gastrointestinal discomfort, the Food and Nutrition Board of the institute of medicine has established tolerable upper intake levels (UL). For children under 14 years of age, the UL is 40 mg of iron. For all others the UL is 45 mg of iron. For people with genetic predispositions to iron overload and those with alcoholic cirrhosis, the safe dose may be lower. Higher doses may be prescribed for pregnant women.
There has been some association between the intake of heme iron and the risk of heart attacks. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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| O n c 73 m
It didn't matter that I faxed them fifty pages of peer-reviewed literature from the National institute of medicine. They wouldn't budge.
And my mother, bless her heart, was of the generation that believed that if the doctor told you something, that was it. You didn't question, you didn't go against their advice, Doctor Knows Best, and that was that.
Let me be blunt: The doctors who told me that they didn't know what CoQ 10 was or that it couldn't possibly help were idiots. |
Gerald E. Markle and Frances B. McCrea
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 A day later, Fran handed me a report issued by The institute of medicine, titled "To Error is Human." The report asserted that medical errors kill between 44,000 and 88,000 people per year (the sixth to the eighth leading cause of death), more than killed by automobiles.5 Most errors involved the inappropriate administration of medication. Several medical experts challenged the study, claiming that the findings were grossly exaggerated. |
Michael Pollan
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 While the institute of medicine at the National Academy of Sciences found little conclusive evidence that eating fish would do your heart much good (and might hurt your brain, because so much fish is contaminated with mercury), a Harvard study brought the hopeful piece of news that simply by eating a couple of servings of fish each week (or by downing enough fish oil tablets) you could cut your risk of dying from a heart attack by more than a third. |
Bill Sardi
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| It's easy for most Americans to get enough through diet alone, said Tufts University nutrition professor Robert Russell, who chaired the institute of medicine panel.
But vitamin supplements - even a regular multivitamin that contains three times the RDA - can push people over safe levels, the report cautioned. Of most concern are megadoses sold in health food stores, often measured in confusing "international units." Know that 10,000 international units is the same as 3,000 micrograms, a dangerous amount, Russell warned. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
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 The requirements for vitamin D were last set in 1997 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the institute of medicine and may be inadequate (see sidebar).
A popular approach of using cod liver oil to supplement vitamin D deserves awareness and a bit of caution. |
Bill Sardi
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| Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safety, institute of medicine, National Research Council, 2004]
Surprisingly, after years of condemnation by the Food & Drug Administration, a report issued at the International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer in 2004 by researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina indicates an extract from chaparral seems to be "completely safe as well as beneficial. |
| The problem, says a report from the National Cancer Policy Board of the institute of medicine, is that after treatment, patients are sent back to their primary care physicians, often without a plan for follow-up care. The big problem is that doctors aren't reimbursed for follow-up care, so it gets neglected. [CA Cancer Journal Clinicians 56: 65-67, 2006]
This is puzzling since a list of good health habits, dietary measures and dietary supplement regimens would suffice. A pre-printed sheet of paper with after-care instructions would go a long way. |
Dr. Steve Blake
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| The Food and Nutrition Board of the National institute of medicine recommends monitoring infants under one year of age for anemia if they drink cow's milk.
The Recommended Daily Allowance for Iron
The Food and Nutrition Board has set RDAs to prevent iron deficiency. Adequate Intake levels (AI) are set for younger infants, as seen in Table 11-1. Strict
Table 11-1 RDAs and adequate intakes (AI) for iron for all ages.
Males
Females
RDAs for Iron
Age mg/day mg/day
Infants
0-6 months
0.27 (AI)
0. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 A report by the institute of medicine states that the United States still lags behind other countries in research into the processes and contaminants involved in autoimmunity.
Many of the contaminants discussed early in this chapter have been so little tested that we have no real idea as to what role they may be playing in rising autoimmunity rates. PFOA, for example, has barely been studied at all. Despite the fact that it is found in 96 percent of people and the chemical has a half-life of 4. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 But the U.S. institute of medicine (IoM), which controls the recommendations on these things, currently states that adults under 50 only need 200 IUs of vitamin D a day. This policy is, in my opinion, an organized conspiracy to keep the American people diseased by making sure they stay deficient in anti-cancer nutrients. It serves the interests of all the powerful corporations and non-profits that run Washington. And yes, it is a conspiracy. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 Last year's institute of medicine report labeled FDA management as dysfunctional causing FDA reform to pick up momentum. To deflect public outrage S1082 was created by Kennedy and Enzi, in close consultation with the FDA and Big Pharma. As you might expect from such a meeting of the minds, the bill is really a Big Pharma-sponsored con job and it actually increases the power of dysfunctional FDA management.
Unfortunately for Big Pharma and the FDA, Charles Grassley (R-IA), a man concerned with true and meaningful safety reform, has gone through S1082 with a fine tooth comb. |
Steven V. Joyal
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 The dosing of chromium recommended by the institute of medicine is 35 meg for men and 25 meg for women ages nineteen to fifty years; 30 meg for men and 20 meg for women fifty-one years and older; and 30 meg for pregnant or breast-feeding women nineteen years and older. We have had excellent results with a suggested dosage of 600 to 1,000 meg daily.
Cinnamon
Since the dawn of human civilization, the aromatic spice cinnamon has been used to enhance food flavor and to manage various health conditions. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 Interestingly, the announcement of this planned lawsuit, which was in settlement discussions as this book was going to press, came six weeks after the Institute of Medicine's landmark report, which found that food advertising aimed at kids gets them to prefer—and request—foods high in calories and low in nutrients.
In publicizing the lawsuit, CSPI's press release quoted Sherri Carlson, a mother of three, who lamented Nickelodeon's "enticing junk food ads. Adding insult to injury, we enter the grocery store and see our beloved Nick characters plastered on all those junky snacks and cereals. |
| Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Food and Nutrition Board. "Dietary Reference Intakes: Macronutrients." http://www.iom.edU/Object.File/Master/7/300/0.pdf. Jacobson, Michael. "Artificial Sweetener 'Sunett' Should Not Be Used in Diet Soda." Press release, July
31, 1996. Center for Science in the Public Interest, http://www.cspinet.org/new/ask.html. -. "Repeal of Saccharine Warning Label Criticized." Center for Science in the Public Interest. http://www.cspinet.org/new/saccharin_labeling.html. Jacobson, Michael F., Lisa Y. Lefferts, and Anne Witte Garland. |
| Let's look now at some shocking marketing statistics:
The food industry spends at least $15 billion a year targeting children, according to the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood (CCFC). The institute of medicine, part of the National Academies of Sciences, put that marketing figure at $10 billion a year in 2004. This is up from $7 billion a decade ago, according to CSPI.
Children are seduced by a nonstop parade of television ads—some 17,000 to 40,000 per year, according to varying estimates. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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| The institute of medicine set 400 meg a day as a tolerable upper limit. The average stand-alone supplement is 200 mg, which is what usually produces great results in studies; you should be absolutely fine with that amount in a supplement.
One of my most trusted sources on vitamins and supplements, my dear friend Shari Lieberman, Ph.D., C.N.S., author of the definitive Real Vitamin and Mineral Book, told me: "Various studies have shown that long-term intakes of up to 500 to 750 meg per day have produced no signs of toxicity in humans. |
Bottom Line Health
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| A later report from the institute of medicine collected all of the available evidence and found no connection between vaccines and autism. However, that has made little difference to many parents, Neumann says.
"We see no evidence for the alleged effects that have been linked with vaccines," he says. "Unfortunately, people who have heard the allegations about vaccines have discounted the science, [and] the rumors persist."
. , To learn more about vaccines, visit the — National Partnership for Immunization at www.partnersforimmunization.org.
Pacifier May Prevent SIDS
Fern R. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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| Right before writing this section I went to the National Institute of Medicine's library, the main database for recognized, respected, peer-reviewed journal studies, and I typed in "Selenium and MDS." The first entry, right off the bat, was from the January 2007 Archives of Internal Medicine: "Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation." The researchers concluded that "daily selenium supplementation can suppress the progression of HIV-1 viral burden and provide indirect improvement of CD4 count. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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| LOOPING BACK TO VACCINES
Even as the evidence pointing to the harmful effects of mercury mount, the institute of medicine announced in May 2004 that it had reviewed earlier studies asking whether thimerosal in vaccines could be linked to the tenfold increase in childhood autism spanning from the early 1980s through the late 1990s—and concluded that there was no link. |
Craig Pepin-Donat
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 Sounds reasonable, but while the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board recommends avoiding food with more than 2 parts per million (ppm) of lead and 1 ppm of mercury, there are no federal standards about lead and mercury content in supplements.26 Again, there are no federal standards about lead and mercury content in supplements. This is absolute insanity.
In adults, high levels of lead cause kidney problems and high blood pressure. In children, lead affects the brain and nervous system. It can also decrease hearing and cause hyperactivity and seizures. |
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