Gabriel Cousens
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 American Indians and Alaska natives age 20 years or older who received care from indian Health Service (IHS) in 2003 had diagnosed diabetes. Some 118,000 (15.1 percent) American Indians and Alaska natives age 20 years or older have diabetes (both diagnosed and undiagnosed). Taking into account population age differences, American Indians and Alaska natives are 2.2 times as likely to have diabetes as non-Hispanic whites.
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: The total prevalence of diabetes (both diagnosed and undiagnosed) is not available for Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders. |
| Schulz, professor of health sciences
American Indians/Alaska Natives
Non Hispanic blacks
Hispanic/Latino Americans
Non-Hispanic whites
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Percent
Source: for American Indians/Alaska Natives, the estimate of total prevalence was calculated using the estimate of diagnosed diabetes from the 2003 outpatient database of the indian Health Service and the estimate of undiagnosed diabetes from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, for the other groups. |
Dr. Arthur Janov
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 A few days after that, I ran into a faculty member who had been at the indian festival. I told her about Muktananda's stroke. Surprised, she told me she had known of some of the American
Indians who wanted to punish Muktananda's followers for dancing between the war lances. She said they had gotten hold of some of his clothing threads and had "done some magic" on it. They didn't want to kill Muktananda, just hurt him to punish his followers for their disrespect. I believed that she and I were the only people who had this information. Something scary and weird was going on. |
Pam Montgomery
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 I immediately took notice because indian Pipe is completely white and saprophytic, meaning it feeds on decay. This is a plant I have known for some time and have always marveled at how it grows. I allowed myself to drift into the daydream of indian Pipe, wondering if this was the plant I had asked for. I found myself watching as a white-robed old man with a staff led a young woman through a doorway, smiling and nodding his head to her as he closed the door behind her. His demeanor was one of complete calm and benevolent grace. |
Michael T. Murray and Michael R. Lyon
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 As the Bureau of indian Affairs provided them with flour, sugar, oil, and corn, an astonishing thing happened. These lean and wiry people developed an astronomical incidence of obesity. At one time, 100 percent of adult Pima Indians were grossly obese and the incidence of type 2 diabetes was a staggering 65 percent. The numbers have come down a bit (70 percent and 22 percent, respectively), but are still among the highest in the world.
In 1962, anthropologist James V Neel suggested that tribal hunter-gathers like the Pimas had body processes well adapted to feast-or-famine cycles. |
David R. Montgomery
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 Potential settlers were allowed to peruse indian lands the day before the district opened. The land grab began at noon on April 22 (now celebrated as Earth Day) as the cavalry watched mobs race to stake out their turf. "Sooners" who had slipped by the border guards began filing papers to claim the best land for town sites and farms. By nightfall entire towns were staked out; many homesteads had multiple claimants. Within a week, indian territory's more than fifty thousand new residents accounted for the majority of its population. |
Joan Liebmann-Smith, Ph. D., and Jacqueline Nardi Egan
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 Br hi/ the indian ctiron the front lines for sunburn. in 600 B.C. by the indian surgeon Sushruta. He used flesh from a patient's cheek to fashion a missing earlobe. Red ears may be red flags for ear infections as well as such skin diseases as psoriasis or rosacea. (See Chapter 9.) They can also signal a condition, aptly named red ear syndrome, in which one ear typically becomes red, hot, and sometimes painful. |
Erich Grotewold
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 Lyonogenin, a new dihydrochalcone from Lyonia
Formosa, indian J Chem 11: 720-722. Singh, P., and Arora, G., 1987, Organic synthesis using phase-transfer catalysis. Part 3. Asymmetric induction in epoxidation and Michael addition reactions of chalcone under phase transfer conditions using optically active solvents, indian J Chem 26B: 1121-1123. Stafford, H. A., and Lester, H. H., 1982, Enzymic and nonenzymic reduction of (+)-dihydroquercetin to its 3,4,-diol, Plant Physiol 70: 695-698. Stafford, H. A., and Lester, H. H., 1984, Flavan-3-ol biosynthesis. |
Pam Montgomery
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| I allowed myself to drift into the daydream of indian Pipe, wondering if this was the plant I had asked for. I found myself watching as a white-robed old man with a staff led a young woman through a doorway, smiling and nodding his head to her as he closed the door behind her. His demeanor was one of complete calm and benevolent grace. I approached the old man and asked if he was the spirit of indian Pipe. He nodded and I asked if he was the one to escort folks to the other side and he nodded again, pointing to the doorway where the young woman had just passed through. |
Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
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 The therapeutic use of herbal preparations is also an integral part of Ayurvedic medicine, an ancient indian system of healing that has its roots in Vedic culture. The American Indians also relied heavily on the healing properties of herbs. In fact, many of the over-the-counter drugs and prescription drugs in use today in our society are derived from Native American herbs. All cultures have traditionally used eliminative herbs that have laxative, diuretic (increases urine flow), diaphoretic (sweat-inducing), and blood-purifying properties to remove toxins from the body. |
Dr. Arthur Janov
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| Again I went to see him, at an American indian festival he was participating in. Non-Native Americans were invited to join in a large dance around two sacred war lances planted in the ground. We were told not to dance between the lances. I noticed that several people did, which troubled me. I recall crying over something Muktananda said and picking up his Dr. Pepper bottle as a souvenir.
Some days later, I heard that Muktananda was in the hospital, having had a stroke. A few days after that, I ran into a faculty member who had been at the indian festival. I told her about Muktananda's stroke. |
C. P. Khare
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 South indian variety). Given to women in leucorrhoea and as a galactagogue. To men in sexual debility.
The root, leaves and stems are eaten in bilious disorders.
Sterculiaceae
Ambroma augusta Linn. f. Abroma augusta Linn. f.
Habitat
Found, both wild and cultivated, throughout the hot and moister parts of India from Punjab and Uttar Pradesh and eastward to Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura and southward in peninsular India.
Classical use
Not mentioned in Ayurvedic or Unani classical texts. It has wrongly been equated with Bhaarad-waaji, which is actually wild cotton.
Dr W. |
| The plant is used in indian medicine due to its nutritive value. The edible portion of the plant gave the following values: protein 5.0, fat 0.7, fibre 2.8, carbohydrates 11.6, minerals 2.5 g/100 g; calcium 510.0, phosphorus 60.0, iron 16.7, riboflavin 0.14, niacin 1.2 and vitamin C 17.0 mg/100 g; carotene 1926 mcg/100 g and energy 73 kcal.
All these constituents make the herb a potent tonic with a wide coverage for children; for male a good adjuvant with sex tonics and for females a natural galactagogue.
The plant is used in folk medicine for postnatal complaints. |
| In line with the Chinese and indian herbal traditions, it is mainly used as a stomachic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant and a nervine tonic.
In Chinese research trials, a decoction of galangal had an antibacterial action against a number of pathogens, incl. anthrax.
Research during 1988 indicated that galangal is distinctively effective against Candida albicans.
The herb's antispasmodic, antiphlogistic as well as antibacterial role has been accepted in the West. |
| Figure 1 Alpinia galanga [ZANDU]
Classical uses
The drug entered into indian medicine during the 12th or 13th century. First reference was found in Shodhal Nighantu and the first compound was Kulinjanaavaleha, incorporated in Gadanigraha.
According to Bhaavaprakaasha, the rhizomes are expectorant and anticatarrhal, antiseptic and disinfectant to the mouth and pharynx. Rhizomes were used for freshening the breath, for toning up mucus membrane for improving the tone of the voice. In Raaja Nighantu, stomachic and digestive properties were also attributed to the herb. |
| English: Barbados Aloe, Curacao Aloe, indian Aloe, Jafarabad Aloe.
Dose
Fresh pulp 10-20 ml, dry concentrate 120 mg. Classical use
Aloe barbadensis entered into Ayurvedic medicine after the 12th century. Bhavaaprakaasha attributed cooling and cathartic properties to its dry concentrate. It was prescribed in the diseases of liver, spleen, internal tumours, chronic cough and fever, as well as in vitiated blood, skin diseases and toxic conditions. Raaja Nighntu and texts of the 17th century included the herb's dry concentrate in abortifacient and emmenagogue compound formulations. |
| The secretion is not found on the indian plants and is collected from the plants of Turkey, Iraq and Iran.
Infusion of the plant is used for its diaphoretic action. A decoction of the twigs is given for cough. The medicated oil prepared from the leaves is used as an external application for rheumatism, swellings and abscesses. The plant, due to its cooling, bitter, anti-bilious, antiseptic, laxative, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant properties, has been included in compound formulations of Duraalab-haarishta, Dashmuulaarishta and Raasanndi Kashaaya (all from Sahasrayoga). |
John A. McDougall
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 American Indians, who have recently adopted the standard American diet, have a very high incidence of gallbladder disease; for example, 70 percent of Pima indian women over twenty-five years of age suffer from gallstones. Tarahumara Indians of northern Mexico (genetically related to the Pima) follow their native diet of corn, beans, and squash and are essentially free of gallbladder disease.
3. Since World War II, the Western European diet has become richer in fat and cholesterol, and the incidence of gallstones has increased proportionally.
4. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 Alternative Medicines, Herbs, and Supplements
A wide variety of alternative remedies, including herbs, and supplements, many of which are derived from roots and herbs that were and in some cases still are used in traditional Chinese, indian, or Native American medicine, have been marketed for insomnia. Some plants known to have psychoactive properties, like poppy seed and indian hemp, include almonds, chamomile, catmint, fennel, hops, lettuce, lime, marjolaine, may blossom, mullein, oats, orange flower, passionflower, rosemary, and willow. |
Marshall Editions
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 A few pieces of fennel candy, usually offered after a meal in indian restaurants, may be enough to soothe the symptoms of IBS. Intestinal bitters are calming and healing to the intestines, often because of the astringent tannins present in this class of plants, and are especially useful if diarrhea is the major symptom (see the section on diarrhea, p. 366). A simple, safe, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and general sedative plant, such as chamomile, often relieves IBS. Anxiety may trigger IBS in some people; this can be addressed by using many different plants (see Anxiety, p. 828). |
Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D.
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 Sold over the counter, these devices are based on the ancient indian technique of/'o/o nerY—literally meaning water cleansing-where the practitioner rinses out the nasal cavity with water using this little pot. Often used in India and Southeast Asia, it's gaining more acceptance in Western cultures (under the phrasing nasal irrigation) and can be done as routinely as brushing your teeth. there are downsides to having your army on high alert; you have to feed it, and you increase the likelihood that segments will revolt. |
Marshall Editions
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| CO
Anti-inflammatory herbs: Two herbs that are used as gentle, long-term, natural antiinflammatories are turmeric and indian frankincense. The powdered rhizome in tumeric inhibits the formation of pro-inflammatory compounds and acts as a strong antioxidant to heal the tissues. Boswellia derives its anti-inflammatory properties from resins, which have been shown clinically to inhibit molecules within the body that promote inflammation and to improve joint circulation. Take 2 ml of a tincture three to four times daily. |
Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D.
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| Turmeric and curcumin, spices found in indian and curried foods. Mustard also contains turmeric and can reduce Apo E4 levels.
YOU Tip: Go with the Flow. Your blood feeds your brain nutrients. No nutrients, no brain. No brain, no Super Bowl party this year. So one of your big goals should be to keep your arteries clear and flowing (details in the next chapter). Reducing high blood pressure to normal improves cognitive function and slows Alzheimer's progression substantially. |
| Another herb-red velvet bean plant-is used widely in indian Ayurvedic medicine and contains L-dopa, which is converted to dopamine once it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be used to treat Parkinson's disease in higher doses. However, it's also reported to stimulate the pituitary gland to release growth hormone and testosterone, and has been historically used as an aphrodisiac. Patients need to be cautious taking dopamine and should discuss a 400-milligram dose of this herb with their doctors. |
Devra Davis
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 The toxic site in Triana ran through an eleven-mile stretch of the Huntsville Spring Branch and indian Creek, two tributaries that drained into the Tennessee River as it rolled through the Ozarks. For twenty-three years, from 1947 to 1970, the Olin Corporation ran a DDT manufacturing plant at the Redstone arsenal, releasing more than four hundred tons of contaminants into Huntsville Spring Branch. Regular discharges from the plant left a swath of contamination that extended downstream to Alabama's Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge, the largest and oldest refuge in the state. |
| India has an asbestos industry with corrupt relations with government and ownership links with the media, increasing at 9 percent a year and recommended by some indian stockbrokers as a good investment. China has its own asbestos mines. The nation is sensitive enough to market pressures to have begun building a nonasbestos brake manufacturing plant, a joint Japanese-Chinese venture financed by the World Bank. But those brakes will be for export; the domestic market is another matter. |
| As we motor through the swamp, we pass Delta Downs, Starks Lookout Tower, Gum Cove Ferry, Black Bayou Ferry, Ellender Ferry, Southwest Louisiana Boys Village and the indian Bayou Ferry. The most industrious animal in the area today is the beaver, whose dams attract birds, fish and other wildlife. Otters, minks and raccoons all feed off the world that the beaver builds. Louisiana has some very primitive fish—the bowfin, the garfish, the sturgeon and the paddle fish. These have evolved from ganoid fishes—one of the most primitive fish left in the world. |
Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D.
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| Eating turmeric, which is found in indian foods, seems to reduce expression of the E4 gene (India, by the way, has a relatively low incidence of Alzheimer's). Exercise has a similar effect.
Your Blood Supply: While there's a strong genetic component to memory problems, we'd be remiss if we didn't address the arterial component of an aging
Figure M Power Outage Apo I proteins that bind cholesterol are like workers clearing junk to ensure a good connection between neurons. Apo E4 gets in the way, and the power lines sag under a substance called beta-amyloid.
Figure 1. |
Marshall Editions
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| Indian frankincense. These herbs act on some of the same physiological systems as pharmaceutical medications, though they may not act as quickly.
Willow: This plant contains mildly anti-inflammatory salicylate compounds. There are many species of willow that have medicinal effects, with specific varieties anc concentrations of the active medicinal compounds. Willow bark is used to relieve pair related to muscle and joint inflammation, and can help with the symptoms of sciatica, z4 tea can be made from high-quality willow bark (it should contain at least 7% total salicir compounds). |
| For shoulder pain due to arthritis in the joint, consider taking devil's claw, turmeric, ginger, green tea, and indian frankincense, as discussed in the sections on arthritis (p. 597) and rheumatoid arthritis (p. 696). Devil's claw is most effective when taken in higher doses—3-6 g of powdered herb or 600—1,200 mg of 5:1 powdered extract per day. Powdered turmeric root is often recommended at 30 0.5-1 g two or three times daily. Ginger can be ingested as a tea or you can take two capsules of 500 mg of dried ginger one to three times per day. |
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