Elaine Magee
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 Antioxidants oppose oxidation, a natural process that occurs when a substance or chemical combines with oxygen molecules and becomes a free radical. So an "anti" oxidant protects against cellular damage caused by free radicals. Without antioxidants, what would free radicals do to us? Favorite targets of these molecular assassins include the unsaturated fatty acids on cell membranes. Free radicals begin by causing cell wall damage through the oxidation of LDL cholesterol on the cell membranes. Later, they may wreak havoc by damaging the cell membrane itself (a process called lipid peroxidation). |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 Dandona found that "glucose increases inflammation and free radical generation within an hour of taking 75 grams of a glucose drink. [The] discoveries were important because many obese people have type 2 diabetes, and diabetics are known to have higher levels of dangerous free radicals. Long-term diabetes leads to fallen cognitive abilities probably due to the free radical generation and inflammation," he speculates.
"Those free radicals could damage all tissues in the body, and if you have an excess of sugar in your body, you're doing this continuously," continues Dr. |
Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey
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 Free radicals are molecules that are missing an electron, so they scavenge in the body, "stealing" electrons from other molecules, which can eventually damage cells. free radical damage is often equated with the aging process because the negative effects of aging are associated with loss of cell function. Antioxidants are molecules that counteract the effects of free radicals because they give their own electrons to free radicals and so prevent them from taking electrons from the atoms in cells. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| But our studies established for the first time that if you take sugar, you will get an increase in free radical generation. The free radicals are highly reactive, interacting with other cells and damaging them."
Curiously, Dr. Dandona's interest in the subject began while studying overweight subjects whose harmful free radical levels went down after they restricted dietary intake and lost weight within a short period of time. This observation led him to wonder if certain types of food could produce harmful free radicals.
In another study, Dr. |
Jack Challem
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 This auto-oxidation is a little like a chain reaction—one free radical can create another and another. The free radicals damage the body, speeding up the aging process and increasing your risk of developing heart disease and cancer. In fact, many of the complications of diabetes are related to high glucose levels and the free radicals they produce. (Antioxidants and certain vitamins, which we'll discuss in chapter 10, can neutralize free radicals. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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 Melatonin is a highly effective scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and per-oxyl radicals, another type of toxic free radical. In fact, melatonin has been shown to be more effective in scavenging hydroxyl radicals than other well-known antioxidants, such as glutathione.4 Melatonin appears to inactivate free radicals on a subcellular level, reaching the free radicals that may attack DNA, proteins, and lipids within cells.5 It also seems to stimulate important antioxidant enzymes within the body, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. |
Gary Null and Amy McDonald
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 The culprit might also be free radical damage," Toth says. "Free radicals are extremely small ions that are on the loose. When they're unstable, they go looking for another ion and will actually steal an electron from a healthy cell. free radical damage is caused by pesticides—in our foods, in the air, in the water, pesticides that we might touch. Also, by heavy metals in water, smog, air pollution. Household chemicals with chlorine, bleach or ammonia. I warn people never to mix ammonia and any kind of chlorine bleach product together, it is extremely neurotoxic. |
Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey
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| This axis correlates energetically to detoxification processes in the body via free radical and antioxidant formation. Free radicals are molecules that are missing an electron, so they scavenge in the body, "stealing" electrons from other molecules, which can eventually damage cells. free radical damage is often equated with the aging process because the negative effects of aging are associated with loss of cell function. |
Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George
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 Normally the body can stabilize free radicals on its own, but if antioxidants are unavailable in one's diet or if free radical production becomes excessive, damage can occur, and can be especially profound on proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). Cells possess DNA-repair enzymes that replace nucleotide (abbreviated by A, C, T, G) pairs, but it becomes an increasingly uphill battle as we age. The damage that free radicals inflict on our microscopic building blocks compromises cell function, organ function, and potentially the functioning of major body systems. |
Ron Garner
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 It becomes a free radical. This free radical wants to pair with another and become stable again. It's like a single guy or gal wanting to be paired up, and while doing so, breaking up a stable marriage. In the process of becoming stable or paired again, free radicals attack other molecules. This is where the danger in living systems lies, because this process becomes a chain reaction. These reactions can take place in less than a millionth of a second. At any one time there can be millions of free-radical-attacking and neutralizing reactions going on within the body. |
Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 It neutralizes the toxic effect of the free radical by giving it an electron and completing its lacking electron pair. Acting like a bodyguard, coenzyme Qio's actions protect the body.
Like other antioxidants, coenzyme Q10 can engulf free radicals before they have a chance to do damage, protecting DNA, cellular membranes, and even various enzyme systems involved in the metabolism of food and oxygen in the body. We know that the health of every cell in the body depends upon the balance of free radicals and antioxidants. |
Bradley J. Willcox, D. Craig Willcox, and Makoto Suzuki
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 The straightforward explanation boils down to mastering the notorious free radical. Free radicals damage the tissue of your body and are generated mostly as by-products of the food (calories) we eat. Calor in Latin means "heat." When we eat calories we burn them for energy and release heat, creating free radicals in the process. It's the burning of calories that creates the free radicals. The more calories we eat, the more calories we burn, and the more free radicals we create. The fewer calories we consume, the fewer free radicals we produce—it's that simple. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| Dandona's interest in the subject began while studying overweight subjects whose harmful free radical levels went down after they restricted dietary intake and lost weight within a short period of time. This observation led him to wonder if certain types of food could produce harmful free radicals.
In another study, Dr. Dandona found that "glucose increases inflammation and free radical generation within an hour of taking 75 grams of a glucose drink. |
| Long-term diabetes leads to fallen cognitive abilities probably due to the free radical generation and inflammation," he speculates.
"Those free radicals could damage all tissues in the body, and if you have an excess of sugar in your body, you're doing this continuously," continues Dr. Dandona, who was startled by another discovery—that DNA in the white blood cells of diabetics is damaged by free radicals. "This may have implications for vascular disease and cancer. |
Bill Sardi
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 Medical Association conceded that "all human disease has some relationship with free radical species."
Source: J Am Med Assoc 270: 2024, 1993
Oxygen is a necessary and good thing in the human body, but also a potentially harmful factor. While much is made of toxins in the air, ranging from smog to radon gas, it is oxygen itself that is the primary toxin in the body. About 4 % of the oxygen humans breathe converts into a toxic byproduct called free radicals. These free radicals are the "rusting agents" of the body. Exposure to greater than 21 % oxygen can produce injurious side effects. |
Ron Garner
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| Every time a free radical is neutralized it may have caused damage to some part of the body. Over time, the cumulative action of unrestrained free radical activity, or oxidation, manifests as aging. Although it started much earlier inside the body, it eventually becomes visibly evident as unhealthy tissue or disease symptoms.
Any food that is unnatural or changed from how nature made it can cause oxidation within the body. When food is cooked so that its enzymes are destroyed, processed with chemicals, or exposed to air for a period of time, it becomes an oxidizing agent in the body. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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 However, reviews on the relationships of the statin drugs with free radical generation and inflammation provide evidence that statin drugs have a strong protective effect over and above their more well-known cholesterol-lowering activity [110]. Some of these protective effects may, however, be due to increased expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalases and a suppression of pro-oxidant enzyme systems which reduce the production of the free radicals superoxide and peroxynitrite [111, 112]. |
Marshall Editions
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 Supplements: Take 15,000 IU of beta-carotene a day to protect the lungs from free radical damage (free radicals are elements that can be harmful to the cells of the body). Take 500 mg of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) two to three times a day; it is being used with some success for respiratory conditions. Vitamin C is an anti-inflammatory and helps stimulate the immune system. It can be beneficial to take 1,000 mg three to four times a day. Emulsified vitamin A, taken at 50,000 IU a day, can help repair immune function. |
Tom Bohager
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 Purpose: To help support immune function and assist in removing viruses, fungal forms, toxins, bacteria, and heavy metals
Each capsule should contain approximately:
Enzymes can support the digestion and absorption of nutrients; fight the effects of free radicals in the body (particularly if the enzymes are proteases) improve pH balance; and reduce inflammation, which can be a side effect of free radical damage. |
| Once thought to be harmless, they are now seen as a sign of free radical damage within the body. The spots tend to fade or disappear, however, when the liver and blood are cleansed or when the body's ability to remove free radicals is improved through improved immune function and enzyme production. Causes of this condition include excessive sun exposure, compromised liver function, the ingestion of rancid oils, a relatively poor diet, and lack of exercise. |
Elizabeth Somer, M.A., R.D.
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 At a rate of ten thousand free radical "tears" in your body's cells each day, this equates to millions of tears over the course of a lifetime. If even 1 percent of the oxygen we breathed every day contained free radicals, that would equate to two kilograms per year! It is this backlog of cellular damage that contributes to the aging process and its associated diseases.
Free radicals aren't all bad. Our ancient ancestors counted on free radicals to produce mutations that probably helped advance our species. Free radicals also acted much like the first antibiotics by killing harmful germs. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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| It has also been shown to prevent cataracts (caused by free radical damage in the eye lens), as well as counteract the free radical effects of toxins such as paraquat, carbon tetrachloride, and safrole.8 Production of melatonin is elevated during sleep, and studies have shown that prolonged periods of sleep deprivation cause neuronal damage in animal subjects. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 The two types of phy-tonutrients (nutrients from plants) found in plums and prunes, neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid, are effective antioxidants, particularly effective against a very destructive free radical called the superoxide anion radical, which can really wreak havoc on the cells in your body.
Prunes Boast More Antioxidants Than Any Other Fruit
The damage-preventing substances in prunes have been shown to help prevent damage to fats. Since our cell membranes and brain cells are largely composed of fats, preventing free radical damage to fats is a significant benefit. |
David Wolfe
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 Fats And Longevity
Living a long and vibrant life is a matter of minimizing free radical damage to the body through a diet rich in antioxidants. A free radical is an electron-deficient oxygen molecule primarily produced when electrons are being stolen from the body by refined and cooked oils (corn oil, safflower oil, etc.), excessive sugar intake and toxins, In seeking to acquire another electron, a free radical is capable of combining with and destroying enzymes, amino acids, collagen and other cellular elements. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
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 Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, selenium, carotenes, and others are molecules that defend the body from cellular damage by ending the free radical chain reaction before vital molecules are harmed. These are often referred to as "free radical scavengers."
Vitamin C. Studies using vitamin C show increase in cellular immunity and decreases in
Vitamin C
Take 6-10 g in divided doses daily, starting with 1,000 mg a day, then add 1,000 mg every 4 or 5 days until the stools become loose. At this point, back down to the previous dose of vitamin C so that the stools are normal in consistency. |
Ray D. Strand
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 An antioxidant is any substance that has the ability to give up an electron to a free radical and balance out the unpaired electron, which neutralizes the free radical. Our body even has the ability to create some of its own antioxidants. In fact the body produces three major antioxidant defense systems: the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. It is not important that you remember these names, but it is important to realize that we do have a natural antioxidant defense system.
Our bodies do not produce all the antioxidants we need, however. |
| T
2H+ OH H+
The cinder from the fireplace represents a free radical, and the carpet represents your body. Whichever part of the body receives the most free radical damage is the first to wear out and potentially develop degenerative disease. If it is your eyes, you could develop macular degeneration or cataracts. If it is your blood vessels, you could have a heart attack or a stroke. If it is your joint space, you could develop arthritis. If it is your brain, you could develop Alzheimer's or Parkinson s disease. |
David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes
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 Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity is the likely mechanism involved in this radioprotective effect.
By causing oxidative damage in the DNA, free radicals can produce mutations that, over time, can lead to cancer. Some adaptogens protect the heart and liver cells from oxidative and chemical damage caused by chemotherapy used to treat cancer. Chemoprevention also refers to protective activity against chemically-induced malignant tumors, sk. |
Andreas Moritz
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 If they remain in the body, they become subject to bacterial attack and are met with a dramatic increase in free radical activity. Free radicals are generated in the body to oxidize and destroy as much of the accumulated waste and weak or dead cells as possible. The resulting toxins generated by this act of self-preservation act as stimulants. They stimulate the body into action to eliminate them from the system.
Under normal circumstances, that is, if the body's life force or vital energy is strong and efficient, the body can do this without getting overtaxed or being harmed. |
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