Alex Vilenkin
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 You can picture the gas molecules as little balls bouncing off the walls of the box. Imagine now that the walls are moving apart, so that the box is expanding. What effect will the recession of the walls have on the molecules? If you hit a tennis ball against a wall during a tennis practice, the ball comes back at you at the same speed. But imagine for a moment that the wall is moving away from you. The ball's speed relative to the wall would then be smaller, and it would bounce back slower than you sent it off. |
Wendy Bazilian, DRPH, MA, RD, Steven Pratt, MD, Kathy Matthews
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 Your cell walls are made up of fat and when you're inflamed these cell walls are more vulnerable to oxidation or damage by free radicals. Research has shown that beans help to protect cell walls from oxidation,49 which protects your overall health and keeps your metabolism in balance.
Beans are one of the most ancient foods known to man and can still be considered an important cornerstone of our modern diet. In fact, the USDA lists beans in two food groups, beans being the only food to earn this distinction—the vegetable as well as the meat/bean category. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 If you get rid of the pumps in the arterial walls, plaque goes away, and cholesterol is not the problem.
Things that could damage the arterial walls include acidic body levels. If your diet is basically acidic, your blood won't change much. If it changes more than a couple of points, you die. All the soft tissue -- the muscle tissues -- can go very acidic. If your body is acidic, it won't clear lactic acid from the muscle tissue in the arterial walls quickly. If lactic acid hangs around, it starts to damage the arterial wall. |
Gary E. Schwartz and Linda G. S. Russek
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 Theoretically, however, people interact with walls in a manner that is similar to the way people interact with eyes (though obviously less complexly). People may vary in their ability (or desire) to "resonate" with walls or pupils, and, therefore, resonate differently with the stored information in the walls or pupils. Since the storage of information (the "membering" part of re-membering) is not the same as the retrieval of information (the remembering), the task of retrieving all of this hypothetically stored information remains a major challenge for future science. |
Ray D. Strand
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 In spite of our tremendous antioxidant defense systems, the enemy gets through and damages lipids (fats), proteins, cell walls, vessel walls, and even the DNA nucleus of the cell. Many research centers have now confirmed the existence of damage removal and repair systems for all of these oxidized (damaged by free radicals) proteins, cell wall lipids, and DNA. Simply put, our bodies have a sophisticated, state-of-the-art MASH unit.1
When I was a young physician, I realized the strong possibility that I would be called up to be part of a MASH unit in the Vietnam War. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 Later it was found that penicillin destroys the walls of bacteria by inactivating an enzyme called transpeptidase that is vital to the cross-linking of bacterial cell walls.
The Gram staining method, named after the Danish bacteriologist who originally devised it in 1882, Hans Christian Gram, is one of the most important staining techniques in microbiology. It is almost always the first test used to identify bacteria. The primary color stain of Grams method is crystal violet. |
Ray D. Strand
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| In spite of our tremendous antioxidant defense systems, the enemy gets through and damages lipids (fats), proteins, cell walls, vessel walls, and even the DNA nucleus of the cell. Many research centers have now confirmed the existence of damage removal and repair systems for all of these oxidized (damaged by free radicals) proteins, cell wall lipids, and DNA. Simply put, our bodies have a sophisticated, state-of-the-art MASH unit.1
When I was a young physician, I realized the strong possibility that I would be called up to be part of a MASH unit in the Vietnam War. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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| Later it was found that penicillin destroys the walls of bacteria by inactivating an enzyme called transpeptidase that is vital to the cross-linking of bacterial cell walls.
The Gram staining method, named after the Danish bacteriologist who originally devised it in 1882, Hans Christian Gram, is one of the most important staining techniques in microbiology. It is almost always the first test used to identify bacteria. The primary color stain of Grams method is crystal violet. |
Mark Schapiro
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 I approached walls to ask him questions about U.S. industry concerns; "Not talking now," he smiled, and walked away. Back in the States, I put in repeated requests for an interview, to which walls did not respond. The closest to a comment from the American Chemical Council I received was from Tiffany Harrington, a policy analyst on regulatory issues for the trade association, who commented: "TSCA is not broken. The EPA is not broken. There is no need for an untested policy like REACH. We just have to know how to handle chemicals . . . |
Alex Vilenkin
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| Similarly, the molecules in an expanding box will slow down on each reflection from the walls. The temperature is proportional to the average energy of the molecules and will therefore decrease in the course of expansion. Of course, there are no moving walls in the expanding universe, but particles are reflected off one another, and the effect on the temperature is the same. The universe was getting progressively colder as it expanded. Thus, if we go back in time, the universe gets hotter and hotter, and it becomes infinitely hot if we extrapolate all the way back to the singularity. |
| As the bubbles grow, their interiors remain nearly empty and all the energy released from converting false vacuum into true is concentrated in the expanding bubble walls. When bubbles collide and merge, their walls disintegrate into elementary particles. The end result is true vacuum filled with a hot fireball of matter.
This is indeed what happens if bubbles pop out at a feverish rate, so that the whole decay process is complete in less than one doubling time. That would mean, however, that inflation ends too soon, way before the universe becomes homogeneous and flat. |
Mark Lynas
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 As the mighty glaciers of the high Himalayas melt, the run-off they produce tends to pond up behind walls of moraine rubble left by the retreating ice, forming legions of new glacial lakes. These lakes hold huge amounts of water behind their unstable natural dam walls, and breaches can trigger catastrophic mudflows, which hurtle down river valleys, sometimes for distances of up to 200 kilometres, wiping out everything in their path. |
Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey
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 In other words, quantum particles can go through walls without actually going through the walls. They just appear on the other side. Scientists speculate that the quantum nature of this process allows information to be distributed in the body almost instantaneously.
Other researchers suggest that memory is found not just in the brain but is distributed throughout the body, with the implication that the microtubules in the cytoskeleton of cells play a crucial role in body-memory storage and distribution. |
Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
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 This latter material, "furnace calamine," was a form of zinc carbonate that accumulated on the walls of smelters. These accretions were deposited as a by-product in the process of refining other metals such as copper and lead. The furnace calamine scraped off the smelter walls could be further refined, in turn, to produce zinc oxide. This purified end product, known as popholyx, was prized by ancient physicians and alchemists alike. Over time, metalworkers realized that prefiring calamine to its zinc oxide derivative facilitated brass making. |
Lynne Mctaggart
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 In his test, Green enclosed his participants in isolated rooms made with walls constructed entirely of copper, which would block electricity from any other sources. Although ordinary participants had expected electrical readings related to breathing or heartbeat, the healers were generating electrical surges higher than 60 volts during healing sessions, as measured by electrometers placed on the healers themselves and on all four walls. Video recordings of the healers showed these voltage surges had nothing to do with physical movement.2 |
Mark Sircus
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 Chlorella algae contain phytochemicals that support detoxification while the cell walls function as an ion exchange resin to absorb and retain toxic metals which can then be excreted. Chlorella is a food-like all purpose mild detoxifier (not chelator) of heavy metals.
The detoxification capability of chlorella is due to its unique cell wall and the material associated with it. The cell walls of chlorella have been shown to have three layers of which the thicker middle layer contains cellulose microfibrils. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 In the twenty-by-twenty-foot space loom four walls of filing cabinets—enough to easily fill up the four walls in your local 7-Eleven— packed with patient files that, twenty years ago, would have fit neatly into a few metal drawers. Although Petri has no way of conducting formal epidemiologic research through her clinic, the continued rise in the percent of patients afflicted in her own small urban area is, she says, a "very disturbing" sign. |
Michael Pollan
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 Fats make up the structure of our cell walls, the ratios between the various kinds influencing the permeability of the cells to everything from glucose and hormones to microbes and toxins. Without adequate amounts of fat in the diet, fat-soluble vitamins like A and E can't pass through the intestinal walls. All this was known in 1977. But the Hippocratic oath—"First do no harm"—evidently does not apply to official dietary advice, which at least in 1977 followed a very different principle: "Why not? |
Alex Vilenkin
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| What effect will the recession of the walls have on the molecules? If you hit a tennis ball against a wall during a tennis practice, the ball comes back at you at the same speed. But imagine for a moment that the wall is moving away from you. The ball's speed relative to the wall would then be smaller, and it would bounce back slower than you sent it off. Similarly, the molecules in an expanding box will slow down on each reflection from the walls. The temperature is proportional to the average energy of the molecules and will therefore decrease in the course of expansion. |
Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey
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| In other words, quantum particles can go through walls without actually going through the walls. They just appear on the other side. Scientists speculate that the quantum nature of this process allows information to be distributed in the body almost instantaneously.
Other researchers suggest that memory is found not just in the brain but is distributed throughout the body, with the implication that the microtubules in the cytoskeleton of cells play a crucial role in body-memory storage and distribution. |
Dr. Steve Blake
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 When LDL levels in the blood are elevated, the oxidation of LDL may lead to the accumulation of fatty slabs on the inside of the arterial walls. This is the leading theory of the development of atherosclerotic plaque. The elevated levels of oxidized LDL stimulate macrophages to attack the LDL using free radicals. This causes more oxidized LDL. The macrophages become bloated foam cells and these foam cells attach to the inside of the artery. This can lead to blockage of the coronary arteries and a heart attack. |
| The collagen protein is invaluable in artery and capillary walls to provide the strength and flexibility needed to resist cardiovascular disease.
HOW COLLAGEN IS MADE
It is a major manufacturing effort for our bodies to produce collagen. First, procollagen is made with the two amino acids, glycine and proline, as shown in Figure 2-2. Vitamin C is used in making procollagen. The conversion of procollagen to collagen involves a reaction (hydroxylation) that substitutes a hydroxyl group, OH, for a hydrogen atom, H. |
Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
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| A growing number of research studies over recent years have supported the scientific view that endotoxin and othet biologically active substances derived from the cell walls of bacteria and fungi play a pivotal role in both mill fever and byssinosis. Long-term exposure to contaminated dust at levels too low to cause mill fever acutely may nonetheless be capable of inducing byssinosis. Such factors of exposure level and duration may account for the differences between the two conditions. |
Dr. Steve Blake
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| Elevated homocysteine levels in the blood have been associated with thickening of arterial walls, arterial wall deterioration, and blood clot formation.
BIOAVAILABILITY OF FOLATE AND FOLIC ACID
Synthetic folic acid commonly found in fortified food and in supplements has a higher bioavailability than the naturally occurring folates. It is unusual for a synthetic vitamin to be more potent that a naturally-occurring vitamin. For folates, 100 meg (micrograms) is also 100 meg of Dietary Folate Equivalent (DFE). |
| Slightly elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood have been associated with thickening of arterial walls, arterial wall deterioration, and blood clot forma-
Homocysteine
V
Homocysteine is removed from the blood, lowering the risk of heart attack.
S-adenosylmethionine /I (SAMe) v
Folate and Vitamin B12
12
Methionine
Methyl groups are available for donation to protect DNA
Figure 1-18 Folate and vitamin B12 lower homocysteine levels and lead to the formation of SAMe, which donates methyl groups. tion. |
| One of the fat-soluble vitamins, Vitamin E, is an important antioxidant that protects cell membranes and artery walls.
Vitamin A comes from two different sources. Provitamin A is found in vegetables and fruits and is known as beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is always non-toxic in foods, even if you consume a lot of vegetables and fruits. Beta-carotene functions as an antioxidant and can be converted to the other forms of vitamin A. The other dietary source of vitamin A is found mainly in animal livers. Vitamin A from animal products and supplements has the potential to be toxic. |
Bill Sardi
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 Small molecules, such as found in grapes, olives, garlic, pomegranates and cherries, are able to pass through cell walls and the nucleus of cells to switch genes on or off. Small molecules like allicin from garlic, resveratrol from grapes, quercetin from onions, hy-droxytyrosol from olives, influence so many genes they are being heralded as the drugs of the future.
Many people falsely believe that to concede that alternative cancer therapies are ineffective gives tacit credence to often despised toxic conventional treatments. |
| Life Sciences 75: 955-67, 2004]
This is a striking finding because anti-clotting drugs like warfarin are often prescribed for cancer patients and may block the adherence of roaming cancer cells to the walls of small capillaries where they can start a colony distant from the original tumor site. Anti-clotting drugs prevent metastasis
- the spread of tumors. [Journal National Cancer Institute 91: 22-36, 1999] But conversely, even though it is a pro-clotting agent, vitamin K does this too. |
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