Bill Sardi
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 About a third of the urban dwellers took vitamin supplements while none of the fishermen did. The fishermen also consumed fewer vegetables and less fiber than did the urban dwellers. Yet, about six times more urban dwellers in Cape Town developed colon cancer than did coastal fishermen. The consumption of omega-3 oils was six times higher among the fishermen (about 700 mg compared to just 140 mg for the Caucasian urban dwellers). Omega-3 oils appear to provide striking protection against colon cancer. |
Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George
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 Preschool children from rural communities in the United States have shown poorer performance on motor speed and latency than do those in urban communities where the exposure is less pronounced.43 In Mexico, children with higher exposure to pesticides had diminished motor skills, short-term memory, hand-eye coordination, and drawing ability than those in urban communities.44 There has been a linkage between early pesticide exposure and a later loss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra, a pathology associated with Parkinson's disease. |
Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
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 In urban locations pesticides are used in homes, yards, public buildings, stores, schools, parks, and other settings, resulting in per-acre pesticide intensity in some urban areas that exceeds agricultural use. In the United States a mixture of pesticide residues are detected in the blood and urine of nearly 100 percent of all persons sampled. (For more about pesticides, refer to Appendix A.)
As absurd as this may sound, companies are not legally required to list all of their ingredients due to trade secrecy laws. |
| But pesticide exposure is not confined to agricultural areas. In urban locations pesticides are used in homes, yards, public buildings, stores, schools, parks, and other settings, resulting in per-acre pesticide intensity in some urban areas that exceeds agricultural use. In the United States a mixture of pesticide residues are detected in the blood and urine of nearly 100 percent of all persons sampled. (For more about pesticides, refer to Appendix A.)
As absurd as this may sound, companies are not legally required to list all of their ingredients due to trade secrecy laws. |
Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 Elevated blood pressure (>40/80 mm Hg)
When I speak of a poor diet associated with urban stress, we need only look at the chart, "Diabetes World-Wide"", which depicts the diabetes ranking for emerged versus emerging third-world countries around the world. It becomes easy for us to plainly see how 'Urban Crawl" is accompanied with a simultaneously growing prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus as well. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 Interval Training for Fat Loss
HOLD ON TO your seats because I'm about to burst one of the biggest bubbles in exercise mythology The "fat-burning zone" is an urban legend.
Like most urban legends, slaying it is easier said than done. Treadmill manufacturers continue to insist on putting "fat-burning" programs on their machines, and legions of aerobic teachers continue to teach people that they must achieve some mythical heart rate zone during exercise to lose weight and burn fat. |
Gerald E. Markle and Frances B. McCrea
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 A study of 19 urban and suburban communities in
Ontario, Canada, found that firefighters were able to reach 90% of all patients with cardiac arrest in eight minutes. Following the introduction of defibrillators used on several thousand patients, survival increased from 3.9% to 5.2%.17 Another study showed that with each minute defibrillation is delayed, the chances of successful resuscitation decrease anywhere from 2% to 10%.18
While such improvement is laudable—each life saved being precious—it is obvious that most people who suffer cardiac arrest die. |
Melody Petersen
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 A study in Atlanta, Georgia, for example, found that white children living in the suburbs had a higher rate of drug-resistant pneumococcal infections than black children living in the city's urban core. Such infections can develop into pneumonia, meningitis, and a host of other illnesses. The researchers theorized that the white suburban children had a higher risk of harboring the drug-resistant bacteria because they had better access to health care and had taken more antibiotics. |
Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| It becomes easy for us to plainly see how 'Urban Crawl" is accompanied with a simultaneously growing prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus as well. Can you remember a time when the USA was based to a great extent upon a farm based manual labored economy and how much thinner we as a nation were at that time and how urbanization has changed the way we commute, work, eat, sleep, play and rest?
DIABETES WORLD-WIDE GLOBAL TERRITORIES WITH TOP 10 HIGHEST & LOWEST PREVALENCE*
Highest
Lowest
Rank
Territory
Percent*
Rank
Territory
Percent*
1
Mexico
14
190
Congo
0. |
Bill Sardi
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| Yet, about six times more urban dwellers in Cape Town developed colon cancer than did coastal fishermen. The consumption of omega-3 oils was six times higher among the fishermen (about 700 mg compared to just 140 mg for the Caucasian urban dwellers). Omega-3 oils appear to provide striking protection against colon cancer. [South African Medical Journal 87: 152-58, 1997]
The Nurses Health Study, considered one of the most authoritative studies available for analysis, found no association between omega-3 oils and prevention of colon cancer. |
Gabriel Cousens
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 Evidence from studies in India of rural and urban groups of the same culture showed their diabetes incidence being significantly higher in the urban setting, with its much higher consumption of refined carbohydrates. It is not possible to relate it to the consumption of fats as those cultures have one-half the fat consumption that is needed for health.
In the U.S., Cherokee Indians also followed the pattern of high refined carbohydrate associated with high diabetes incidence. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 Aufl. urban & Schwarzenberg, Miinchen Wien. Leng-Peschlow E, 1985.
Kasper H. Ernahrungsmedizin und Diatetik. 5. Aufl. urban & Schwarzenberg, Miinchen Wien. Leng-Peschlow E. 1985
Kecmanovic D, Pavlov M, Ceranic M. Plantago ovata (Laxomucil) after hemorrhoidectomy. Acta Chir Lugosi; 51(3) 121-123. 2004.
Kennedy JF et al., Carbohydr Res 75:265-2'/4. 1979.
Khorana ML et al., Ind J Pharm 20:3, 1958.
Koedam A. Plantago - history and use. In: Pharm Weekbl 112(10):246-252. 1977. McRorie JW, Daggy BP, Morel JG et al., Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation. |
Mehmet C. Oz., M.D. and Michael F. Roizen, M.D.
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 Some cities remain beautiful and elegant in their old age (think of old but elegant European cities like London), while others that may not even be so old look worn down, beat up, and in need of an urban ICU. Every city experiences the ups and downs of aging; how well the city managers and residents adapt largely determines whether the city will age gracefully or end up on the wrong side of spray paint, riots, and urban decay (see Figure Intro 1).
Now, every city has its own genetic code, just as you have yours. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 Berkeley, California: Kids Grow Their Grub in "Edible Schoolyard"
Back in 1995, the schoolyard at the urban Martin Luther King Junior Middle School in Berkeley, California, was covered with blacktop, and the school cafeteria closed because it couldn't accommodate the nearly 900 students. Instead, packaged, microwaved food was sold from a shack on the playground.
By 1997, that arid asphalt area was transformed into a one-acre organic garden and the antiquated cafeteria-kitchen was refurbished as a kitchen-classroom. |
| Sarkadi, Anna, and urban Rosenqvist. "Intimacy and Women with Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Study Using Focus Group Interviews." Diabetes Educator 29, no. 4 (2003): 641-52.
Saunders, Jeraldine, and Harvey M. Ross. Hypoglycemia: The Classic Healthcare Handbook. New York: Kensington Publishing, 2002.
Schwarzbein, Diana. The Schwarzbein Principle: The Truth about Losing Weight, Being Healthy, and
Feeling Younger. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, 1999. Shimer, Porter. New Hope for People with Diabetes. Roseville, CA: Prima Publishing 2001. Shiri, R., J. Koskimaki, M. Hakama, J. |
David R. Montgomery
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 Without access to land to grow their own food, the urban poor all too often lack the money to buy enough food even if it is available.
The USDA estimates that about half the fertilizer used each year in the United States simply replaces soil nutrients lost by topsoil erosion. This puts us in the odd position of consuming fossil fuels—geologically one of the rarest and most useful resources ever discovered—to provide a substi-tute for dirt—the cheapest and most widely available agricultural input imaginable. |
Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| Even normally clear-skinned Pacific Islanders and South American Indians get acne when they move to urban areas and eat our typical Westernized diet (high in sugar and refined carbs), points out Dr. Cordain, who presented his fascinating findings linking acne to the Western diet at the 2004 annual meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology. "The same thing happens when Eskimos start eating Western foods. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
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 It helps those who are ill at ease in an urban environment to feel more comfortable.
Edible Uses
The parts used medicinally are not generally considered edible. However, the flowers are edible, as are the berries, though usually they are deseeded first.
Other Uses
The inner bark of the stems and roots is used to make a yellow dye, while the fruits yield a green or purple dye and the leaves yield a green dye. In folkloric tradition, Oregon grape is carried in medicine bundles or pouches to attract prosperity and popularity. |
Kevin Trudeau
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 Urban Rebounding www.urbanrebounding.com (262) 796-2009 Cellercise www.cellercise.com (800) 856-4863
11. Walk one hour a day.
Walkvest www.walkvest.com (877) 925-5837 Fitness Gear 101 www.fitnessgearl01.com (866) 436-7446
Walking Healthy www.walkinghealthy.com
Walking for Fitness www.walking.about.com
Inner Strength Fitness www.isfitness.com (520)319-6000
12. Stretch the muscles and tendons in your body.
Check your local yellow pages for yoga, pilates, and oth stretching classes.
Yoga Finder www.yogafinder.com (858) 213-7924
International Association of Yoga Therapists www.iayt. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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| Urban & Schwarzenberg, Miinchen Wien Baltimore 1994.
Dfeudis FV, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761): Pharmacological activities and clinical applications. In: Elsevier Editions Scientifiques Paris. 1991.
Dingermann T, Phytopharmaka im Alter: Crataegus, Ginkgo, Hypericum und Kava- Kava. In: PZ 140(23):2017-2024. 1995.
Dorn M, Braunig B, Gross HD, Ginkgo-Dragees bei zerebraler Leistungsschwache. In: ZPT 12(6):180. 1991.
Ermini-Fiinfschilling D, (1992) Moglichkeiten und Grenzen eines Gedachtnistrainings mit Patienten bei beginnender Demenz. Z Moderne Geriatrie 12:459-456. |
Kelly Harford, M.C., C.N.C.
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 Unknown fast food for a fast nation
The industrial age drove massive numbers of people to urban areas and marked the beginning of a whole new chapter in food production and distribution. This burgeoning urbanized environment required that enormous amounts of food be brought in from the outlying hinterlands. Over the years, the ever-increasing demand for cheap, abundant food led to the development of what we know today as the food manufacturing industry and high-tech agribusiness. But the demand for cheap abundant food wasn't enough for the post-industrialized era. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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| Urban & Schwarzenberg, Miinchen Wien. Leng-Peschlow E.
Fintelmann V, Phytopharmaka in der Gastroenterologie. In: ZPT 15(3): 137. 1994.
Gelpi E et al, PH 8:2077-2081. 1969.
Jaspersen-Schib R, Ballaststoffe als Lipidsenker. In: DAZ 132(39):1991. 1992.
Kennedy JF et al, Carbohydr Res 75:265-274. 1979.
Khorana ML et al, (1958) Ind J Pharm 20:3.
Koedam A, Plantago - history and use. In: Pharm Weekbl 112(10):246-252. 1977.
Mengs U, (1990) No renal pigmentation by plantago ovata seeds or husks. Med Sci Res 18:37-38.
Miller JN, In: Industrial Gums, Ed. R. L. Whistler, Academic Press 1973. |
| Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munchen Wien. Leng-Peschlow E.
Kennedy JF et al, Carbohydr Res 75:265-274. 1979.
Khorana ML et al., (1958) Ind J Pharm 20:3.
Koedam A, Plantago - history and use. In: Pharm Weekbl 112(10):246-252. 1977.
Mengs U, (1990) No renal pigmentation by plantago ovata seeds or husks. Med Sci Res 18:37-38.
Miller IN, In: Industrial Gums, Ed. R. L. Whistler, Academic Press 1973.
Oshio H, Inouye H, (1982) Planta Med 44:204.
Popov S, (1978) IUPAC Int Symp Chem Nat Prod 11(2):61 (via CA 92:59170).
Sandhu JS et al., Carbohdr Res 93:247-259. 1981. Tomoda M et al. |
Dr. Paula Baillie-Hamilton
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 As urban living and vaccinations expose us to greater amounts of aluminum, this could partly explain the observed link between the urban diet and Crohn's disease.
Other chemicals known to be associated with Crohn's include some of those found in cigarette smoke, such as benzene, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium, 2-naphthyl-amine, vinyl chloride, 4-aminobiphenyl, and beryllium. The increase of free radicals induced by exposure of the gut to cigarette smoke has been shown to increase the allergic and inflammatory response of the bowel. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 Last but not least, we have become more sedentary because of our urban lifestyle, and we have lost the habit of daily exercise.
There is considerable evidence that a lack of outdoor exercise contributes to asthma and that an exercise program helps asthmatics. |
Roberta Bivins
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 Second, and probably more dangerously for the economic survival of the bulk of 'regular' practitioners (general practitioners often practising just at the edge of financial survival in highly competitive urban environments), there were the anti-elitist homeopaths who produced manuals and kits of medicine for lay users at home. Although the homeopathic elite was historically far more visible, it was this submerged body of home users who kept homeopathy alive in the lean times of orthodox medicine's 'Golden Age' in the middle years of the twentieth century. |
| China and India illustrate two different versions of this pattern, particularly outside major urban areas. Post-revolutionary Chinese governments strove to address the medical needs of the vast rural population through a cadre of 'barefoot doctors', trained in basic techniques that drew upon both western and Chinese medical traditions. Post-colonial India began to build a multi-stranded system, supporting Ayurveda and Unani Tibb and homeopathy as well as biomedicine (although biomedicine rapidly absorbed the lion's share of funding). |
| At the same time, focusing on individual bodies threatened some programmes that were popular with powerful interests in India—expensive programmes of urban sanitation, for example, initially intended to create healthier cities by removing miasma. Like Pettenkofer's dramatic swigging of germs, the debates between these groups were explicitly intended for public consumption?and they extended well into the twentieth century.
Amongst that public in India were, of course, many well-educated and active healers and consumers of the indigenous medical systems, whether Unani Tibb, Siddha, or Ayurveda. |
| It was a call well suited to the particular conditions of medicine in India: its pluralism, its uncontrolled and apparently uncontrollable epidemics, and the desperate conditions of its urban and especially rural poor.
The Journal followed it with four more articles reprinted from the British medical press, filled with biting sarcasm and repudiations of homeopathy as outright fraud and quackery. But these articles were tailored to an exclusively British and exclusively medical audience. |
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