Mitosis

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Plant Spirit Healing: A Guide to Working with Plant Consciousness Pam Montgomery See book keywords and concepts

He pointed it, without touching the growing end of the onion, toward the side of another onion and found that, within three hours, mitosis (cell division) began. When he placed glass in front of the onion, mitosis stopped, and when he placed quartz crystal in between, it began again. Glass does not transmit ultraviolet radiation whereas quartz does. He called these rays "mitogenetic radiation" because they caused mitosis, and he showed that these rays alone changed the growth pattern of the receiving onion.

Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts

Maternal dietary choline availability alters mitosis, apoptosis and the localization of TOAD-64 protein in the developing fetal rat septum. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 115, 123-129. 68. Craciunescu, C. N., Albright, C. D., Mar, M. H., Song, J., and Zeisel, S. H. (2003). Choline availability during embryonic development alters progenitor cell mitosis in developing mouse hippocampus. J. Nutr. 133, 3614-3618. 69. Holmes-McNary, M. Q., Loy, R., Mar, M. H., Albright, C. D., and Zeisel, S. H. (1997). Apoptosis is induced by choline deficiency in fetal brain and in PC 12 cells. Brain Res. Dev.

Decoding the Human Body-Field: The New Science of Information as Medicine Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey See book keywords and concepts

According to conventional cell biology, the centrosome and centrioles are only active during cell division, a process called mitosis, whereby one cell divides to become two separate but fully functioning cells. During mitosis, pairs of centrioles separate and migrate toward opposite poles of the cell. Other microtubules in the cell form what is known as the mitotic spindle, and then these spindles, together with the centrioles, form a larger structure called the mitotic apparatus. The mitotic apparatus plays a central role in chromosome division.

Plant Spirit Healing: A Guide to Working with Plant Consciousness Pam Montgomery See book keywords and concepts

He called these rays "mitogenetic radiation" because they caused mitosis, and he showed that these rays alone changed the growth pattern of the receiving onion. Unfortunately, when these experiments were being performed in the 1920s, the climate for this type of information was not receptive. It was not until much later, when others followed through with his initial research, that his hypothesis of ultraviolet radiation coming from cells was discovered to be true. It was found that all living cells—plant, animal, and human—have "biophotons" or light rays that they emit.

Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts

Choline availability during embryonic development alters progenitor cell mitosis in developing mouse hippocampus. J. Nutr. 133, 3614-3618. 69. Holmes-McNary, M. Q., Loy, R., Mar, M. H., Albright, C. D., and Zeisel, S. H. (1997). Apoptosis is induced by choline deficiency in fetal brain and in PC 12 cells. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 101, 9-16. 70. Craciunescu, C. N., Brown, E. C, Mar, M. H., Albright, C. D., Nadeau, M. R., and Zeisel, S. H. (2004). Folic acid deficiency during late gestation decreases progenitor cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in fetal mouse brain. J. Nutr.

Deletion of the Pemt gene increases progenitor cell mitosis, DNA and protein methylation and decreases calretinin expression in embryonic day 17 mouse hippocampus. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 149, 121-129. 102. Fukai, K., Yokosuka, O., Imazeki, F., Tada, M., Mikata, R., Miyazaki, M., Ochiai, T., and Saisho, H. (2005). Methylation status of pl4ARF, pl5INK4b, and pl6INK4a genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver International. 25, 1209-1216. 103. Holler, T?Cermak, J. M., and Blusztajn, J. K. (1996).

Decoding the Human Body-Field: The New Science of Information as Medicine Peter h. Fraser and Harry Massey See book keywords and concepts

During mitosis, pairs of centrioles separate and migrate toward opposite poles of the cell. Other microtubules in the cell form what is known as the mitotic spindle, and then these spindles, together with the centrioles, form a larger structure called the mitotic apparatus. The mitotic apparatus plays a central role in chromosome division. During this process, the centrioles move so that they are aligned at 90 degrees to each other but the mictotic apparatus forms a circle, or tubule, made of even tinier tubules.

Understanding Medicinal Plants: Their Chemistry And Therapeutic Action Bryan Hanson, PhD See book keywords and concepts

Tubular structures in cells that are generally only visible during mitosis. Composed primarily of two proteins called a-and P-tubulin. mitochondrion: An structure within a cell (an organelle) responsible for generating energy by breaking down glucose. mitosis: The process of cell division. mobile phase: The solvent or gas in a chromatography experiment that moves through or over the stationary phase and carries dissolved molecules along. molecular formula: A list of the elements and their amounts present in a molecule.

PDR for Herbal Medicines Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts

Other Names: Meadow Saffron, Meadow Saffran, Autumn Crocus, Naked Ladies, Upstart ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY COMPOUNDS: COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE BULB Tropolone alkaloids: colchicine, colchicoside and N-deace-tyl-N-formyl-colchicine COMPOUNDS: COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE SEMEN Starch Trupolone alkaloids: colchicine and colchicoside Fatty oil COMPOUNDS: COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE FLORA Tropolone alkaloids: colchicine and N-deacetyl-N-formyl-colchicine, additional alkaloids including demecolcine EFFECTS Colchicum is antichemotactic, antiphlogistic, and an inhibitor of mitosis.

The Desktop Guide to Herbal Medicine: The Ultimate Multidisciplinary Reference to the Amazing Realm of Healing Plants, in a Quick-study, One-stop Guide Brigitte Mars, A.H.G. See book keywords and concepts

Both when taken internally and when applied topically in the form of an oil or salve, gotu kola can help stimulate collagen production, improve cutaneous microcirculation, and stimulate cellular mitosis. It can prevent scar formation and improve wound healing time and is used in the treatment of burns, eczema, gangrene, hemorrhoids, leprosy, lupus, and psoriasis. It also can encourage the healing of skin grafts. Edible Uses The fresh leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. In Asia you can find a variety of gotu-kola-based sodas. Other Uses Gotu kola is often taken as a brain tonic.

The Science of Flavonoids Erich Grotewold See book keywords and concepts

Cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, and homeostasis Flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides also may be involved in mitosis and cellular homeostasis in plants. UDP-glucuronosyltransferasel (UGT1) is required for cell cycle regulation in pea and alfalfa, and antisense expression of PsUGTl under its native promoter was found to be lethal, although overexpression of antisense PsUGTl under the constitutive CaMV35S promoter was not (Woo et al, 1999).

Understanding Medicinal Plants: Their Chemistry And Therapeutic Action Bryan Hanson, PhD See book keywords and concepts

Finally, the cell undergoes mitosis or cell division (M), the process in which the two copies of DNA are pulled to opposite ends of the cell (under the guidance of microtubules, discussed next), and the cell is actually split into two new cells. With proper staining, the various stages of mitosis can be seen as distinct events under the microscope (known as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase). After dividing, the cell returns to the resting phase.

The organization and pulling of the DNA copies to opposite ends of a cell during mitosis is handled by fascinating structures called microtubules, which turn out to be a good target for intervention. Microtubules Microtubules are literally tiny tubes that are assembled from just two kinds of protein building blocks. Although they are "micro" in the sense they fit into a cell, they are among the largest assemblies found in cells. The small protein building blocks are called a- and P-tubulin. These two very similar proteins associate with each other to form a complex called a dimer.

However, both topoisomerases and polymerases are interesting targets for plant drugs, because if the work of either can be disrupted, DNA replication is halted and, in turn, mitosis is halted. This is an entirely different way of interupting the cell cycle and stopping cancer than interfering with the assembly of microtubules. Plant Drugs That Affect DNA Replication Camptothecin Camptothecin, which we discussed briefly in Figure 2.7, was isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata in 1966.

Handbook of Medicinal Plants Amarjit S. Basra See book keywords and concepts

As a result, tumor cell mitosis is stopped at G2/M phase leading to cell death. This novel mode of action is believed to be a prototype of a new class of anticancer drugs. From 1983 to 1992, a ten-year multicenter clinical trial was conducted and the results revealed that Taxol's response rate in advanced ovarian carcinoma (failed in the first-line chemotherapy) was 56 percent with a cure rate of 15 percent; the response rate in metastatic breast cancer was 30 percent with a cure rate of 10 percent.

Histological analysis showed Isorel treatment applied locally or systemically increased the incidence of tumor apoptosis and necrosis, while a reduction of mitosis was observed only with locally applied Isorel. In addition, animals treated with Isorel had approximately threefold fewer lung metastases than untreated controls. Isorel treatment also resulted in immunostimulatory action, increasing the reactivity of tumor-bearing mouse lymphocytes to mitogens (conA and LPS) in vitro, and inhibited protein synthesis in cultured cells from a variety of malignant cell lines.

The AIDS War: Propaganda, Profiteering and Genocide from the Medical-Industrial Complex John Lauritsen See book keywords and concepts

A retrovirus is a rare entity among viruses, which needs not only cellular DNA synthesis (that's the only way AZT could possibly work, if the virus were actively making DNA) but above all it needs mitosis in order to establish or set up infection. mitosis means cell division. A retrovirus does not infect successfully or productively a non-dividing or resting cell. So it is very difficult to reconcile the claim that the virus works by killing cells with the fact that it needs mitosis in order to replicate in that cell.

Understanding Medicinal Plants: Their Chemistry And Therapeutic Action Bryan Hanson, PhD See book keywords and concepts

With proper staining, the various stages of mitosis can be seen as distinct events under the microscope (known as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase). After dividing, the cell returns to the resting phase. At some point a cell may receive a signal to die a natural death, a process called apoptosis (the cycle can be redirected by drugs at many points to apoptosis; this is indicated in the figure with a dotted line).22 A cell becomes a cancer cell when it receives, internally or externally, the signal to divide too frequently.

Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts

The Institute for Tumor Biology in Freiburg found out how it works: Carnivora blocks the enzymes known as protein kinases in tumor cells, depriving it of necessary proteins; it prevents the angioneogenesis of metastases (the growth of blood vessels supplying tumors); and it decreases the mitosis (cell-division) rate of malignant tumor cells. Additionally, it works by stimulating the immune system. 01 Fresh cabbage and carrot juice have also been used in alternative clinics worldwide in prostate cancer therapy.

The AIDS War: Propaganda, Profiteering and Genocide from the Medical-Industrial Complex John Lauritsen See book keywords and concepts

A retrovirus is a rare entity among viruses, which needs not only cellular DNA synthesis (that's the only way AZT could possibly work, if the virus were actively making DNA) but above all it needs mitosis in order to establish or set up infection. mitosis means cell division. A retrovirus does not infect successfully or productively a non-dividing or resting cell. So it is very difficult to reconcile the claim that the virus works by killing cells with the fact that it needs mitosis in order to replicate in that cell.

Anti-Aging Manual: The Encyclopedia of Natural Health Joseph E. Mario See book keywords and concepts

Chromosomes are collections of Genes within a very long DNA strand, having Proteins for compact organizing; come in pairs in each body cell; and divide and multiply in mitosis. Humans have 23 pairs of Chromosomes (46) 1 -22, and sex chromosomes X and Y. Chromosomes provide the genetic code blueprint for a human body; forthe skin, liver, heart, Brain, muscle, bone, gender, eye color, hair color, number of fingers and toes, and the Immune system, an encyclopedia of DNA information.

Artrin Rheum Stimulates Immunity against bacteria, fungus and viruses; antiinflammatory wound-healer; inhibits blood vessel growth and cell mitosis of tumors. Two daily injections I.M. for at least 60 days. Hansi Therapy Reduces tumor size. Benign Tumor Notmalignant. Takedaily VitaminFunsaturatedfattyacids(2-6tbs. ground Flaxseed, and high Minerals (Kelp) for up to 2 years. Hydrochloric acid with cereals. Tumor of the Colon From high Fat, no Fiber. Sometimes from too much wheat. Balance body chemistry (sometimes takes two years).

Medical Herbalism: The Science Principles and Practices Of Herbal Medicine David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG See book keywords and concepts

The M-stage stands for mitosis, and is when nuclear chromosomes separate and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) occurs. Gl is a time period of quiescence that varies in duration. During this stage, the cell carries out its normal role in supporting the life of the organism. If there is a commitment to proliferation, then purines and pyrimidines (building blocks for DNA synthesis) must be produced. The cell enters the active reproductive phase of the cell cycle in the later part of Gl, at which time nucleotides and enzymes are synthesized.

Disease Prevention and Treatment The Life Extension Editorial Staff See book keywords and concepts

Herbal Protection Bee propolis, often called nature's penicillin, has historically been used to treat tuberculosis, ulcers, mitosis, and colitis and to boost immunity. It has been shown to destroy bacteria, viruses, fungus, and even penicillin-resistant bacteria (staphylococcus). It contains bioflavonoids, one of which (galangin) is a natural antibiotic (Bankova et al. 1999). In addition, propolis boosts immune functioning, specifically by increasing the activity of phagocytes (killer cells). Propolis also inhibits prostaglandin production, thereby stopping inflammation (Khayyal et al.

The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know James Trefil, Joseph F. Kett, and E. D. Hirsch See book keywords and concepts

Division of a single cell into two identical "daughter" cells. mitosis begins when the DNA in the parent cell replicates itself; it ends with two cells having the same genes (see genetics). Most cells in the human body, and all single-celled organisms, reproduce through mitosis. (Compare meiosis.) molecular biology (muh-lek-yuh-luhr) The branch of science devoted to studies of the structure, function, and reactions of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other molecules involved in the life processes. mollusks (mol-uhsks) A phylum of invertebrates with soft bodies and muscular feet.

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

It is an important tool for biochemical research, as an inhibitor of the separation of the chromosomes during mitosis (e.g. used in breeding experiments to produce polyploid organisms). Toxicology Colchicine is very toxic. It causes gastrointestinal upsets such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. The dose is 1 mg initially, followed by increments of 500 u.g every 2-3 hours until relief is obtained, to a maximum of 6 mg. The course should not be repeated within 3 days.

The work of Susan Horowitz's group demonstrated that, whilst taxol inhibited mitosis, it actually stabilized microtubules and inhibited their depolymerization back to tubulin, which is the exact opposite of other agents that bind to soluble tubulin and inhibit the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules. The fact that taxol worked by a new mechanism and that it was a highly unusual and novel structure therefore encouraged further research into this agent, resulting in clinical trials and the development of analogues such as taxotere (Fig. 8.8).

Medical Herbalism: The Science Principles and Practices Of Herbal Medicine David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG See book keywords and concepts

A range of lectin effects has been demonstrated in the laboratory, including stimulation of lymphocyte mitosis, inhibition of protein synthesis in bacteria, and agglutination of malignant cells by tumor-specific lectins. Lectin-containing plants familiar to the herbalist are poke (Phytolacca americana) and mistletoe (Viscum album). Research shows that the well-known North American antimicrobial plant wild indigo (Baptisia tinctoria) contains active glycoproteins.51 Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are often pivotal to the immunomodulat-ing effects of herbs.

Smart Medicine for Healthier Living : Practical A-Z Reference to Natural and Conventional Treatments for Adults Janet Zand, LAc, OMD, Allan N. Spreed, MD, CNC, James B. LaValle, RPh, ND See book keywords and concepts

For the most part, cells are replaced through mitosis, in which a single healthy cell divides in half and "gives birth" to an identical brand-new cell. Cells use the raw materials drawn from the nutrients you provide to repair, rebuild, and renew themselves. Why do cells die? There is a limit to the number of times a cell can undergo mitosis—most cells can undergo only some twenty to thirty divisions, after which they die, to be replaced by new cells.

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