Ben-Erik van Wyk
See book keywords and concepts |
 Species; family; common name(s)
(bold and underlined scientific name: treated and illustrated species; bold only: illustrated species)
Region of origin
Edible plant part(s)
Nutritional value
Energy (kcal)
Protein
Fat
Minerals
Vitamins
(very high levels in bold); Bio = biotin, Fol = Folic acid, Nic = Nicotinic acid, Pan = Pantothenic acid
(gper 100 g)
Abelmoschus esculentus:
Malvaceae;
okra, lady's fingers, gumbo
Afr young fruit
19
2.10
0.20
0. |
| The exact history is not known but the plant is considered to be unrelated to the many-headed cabbages that are illustrated in sixteenth century herbals (for example, the Brassica capitata polycephala described by D'Alechamp in 1587). It is thought that the crop may have been introduced into Belgium by the Roman legions and that they always had a rather limited distribution (commonly grown in market gardens around Brussels, hence the common name). Parts used The axillary buds (headed side shoots), resembling tiny cabbages. Cultivation & harvesting The crop thrives in colder climates. |
| Species with pear-shaped fruits are discussed and illustrated under wax apple (S. samarangense).
Origin & history Widely distributed in India and Southeast Asia. The trees have been grown as a source of fruits for centuries. It is frequently encountered in botanical gardens and private gardens in all warm regions of the world. Parts used Ripe fruits.
Cultivation & harvesting Rose apple can be grown successfully even in temperate regions provided there is no frost. The large fruits are hand-picked when ripe but are rarely seen on fresh produce markets, as they do not last very long. |
Steven V. Joyal
See book keywords and concepts |
 The benefit was illustrated in a study, published in Lancet, in which investigators followed nearly eleven thousand children for more than ten years. They found that the incidence of diabetes was nearly 80 percent lower in children who had taken 2,000 IU of vitamin D daily during their first year of life compared with children who had not.
When vitamin D supplements are paired with calcium, we see impressive metabolic health improvements as well. In a study of about three hundred adults aged sixty-five or older, a third of whom had prediabetes, Anastassios Pittas, M.D. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
See book keywords and concepts |
 The importance of reducing major risk factors is illustrated by results from three large prospective studies (Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry, Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, and the Framing-ham Heart Study), which reported that 87-100% of men and women (ages 18-59 years) with at least one major risk factor died from coronary heart disease (CHD) [4]. In addition, another analysis of 112,458 patients with CHD reported that 80-90% of the participants had one or more major CVD factors [5]. |
| On the other hand, if the amount of sugar in sweetened drinks is used, then the opposite effect is found—body weight increases as a function of the amount of sweetened drinks consumed, as illustrated in Figure 15. How can this apparent contradiction in findings be reconciled? r I Yes
Number of longitudinal studies that found a negative correlation between carbohydrate intake and body weight
FIGURE 13 Distribution of studies demonstrating a negative correlation between carbohydrate consumption and body weight or fat composition. Jackson et al. |
Rick Levy and Lou Aronica
See book keywords and concepts |
 Now feel the energies inside your entire body by taking the path illustrated in figure 5. Focusing your awareness on different body parts by following this path is easy. It amounts to scanning your bodily energies from the crown of your head, to the tip of your spine, down your extremities on the right, and then down the left side of the body. After you practice this path once or twice, it becomes second nature. As you practice, spend some time at each stop. Allow yourself to concentrate on and take note of what you are feeling. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts |
 Foster S. An illustrated guide to 101 medicinal herbs. Interweave Press, Loveland, Colorado: pp. 62-63. 1998.
Jin J. Lloydia 29(3):250. 1966.
Martinez M. Las plantas medicinales de Mexico. Ediciones Botas, Justo Sierra 52, Mexico: pp. 119-122. 1991.
Spencer KC & Seigler DS. Tetraphyllin B from Turnera diffusa. Hippokrates Verlag GmbH; 43:175-178. 1981.
Steinegger E, Hansel R, Pharmakognosie, 5. Aufl., Springer Verlag Heidelberg 1992.
Tyler V: Damiana - An Herbal Hoax. Pharmacy in History; 25(2):55-60. 1983.
Zava DT, Dollbaum CM & Blen M. |
Richard Bartlett
See book keywords and concepts |
 This reductionist scientific vision is perfectly illustrated in a segment of the Cosmos television series in which Carl Sagan stirs a giant cauldron of molecules and wonders why they still have not created life.
Science Is Still Attempting to "Get It Right"
Because the scientific approach is so fragmented, science has to continually revise its theories to account for variables that were missed the first time. Each succeeding attempt to describe the laws of physical existence requires a new mathematical formula. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
See book keywords and concepts |
| This is best illustrated by the evidence that about 35% of CHD occurs in individuals with a total cholesterol (TC) less than 200mg/dl [6]. Thus, modifying as many CVD risk factors as possible will have the greatest impact on decreasing CVD risk.
The impact of lowering major coronary heart disease risk factors has been reported in a recent analysis demonstrating that approximately one-half of the decrease in CHD in the United States between 1980 and 2000 can be attributed to reductions in total cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) [1]. |
Alex Vilenkin
See book keywords and concepts |
 The spacetime of an island universe is schematically illustrated in Figure 10.1. The vertical direction is time, and the horizontal direction is one of the three spatial dimensions; the other two dimensions are not shown. Each horizontal line gives a snapshot of the universe at a moment of time. You can follow the history of the island universe by starting with a horizontal dotted line marked "before" at the bottom of the figure and gradually moving it upward. (The moment of time represented by this line is in the inflating part of spacetime, where the island universe has not yet formed. |
Melody Petersen
See book keywords and concepts |
 George Merck had a history that illustrated his philosophy. He had become president of his father's company in 1925, a time when the American drug companies had little interest in science. The industry then was largely a group of chemical companies manufacturing millions of bottles of pills that did little to treat real disease. The nation's academic pharmacologists held these pill peddlers in such low esteem that they refused to allow any industrial scientist to become a member of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, which had been founded by Dr. |
Richard Bartlett
See book keywords and concepts |
| Matrix Energetics, as a name, is a useful metaphor for such a system—anything you can imagine can ultimately be created in this 10-dimensional simulator, which is illustrated by the schematic representation in figure 3.
Human intention is thought to be created in the domain of spirit (the 11-dimensions and above construct) and appears in the simulator
Figure 3
A representation of our reference frame (RF) with the duplex space in the center. If one counts the entire duplex space as a 4-space, then the entire multidimensional representation is a 7-space. |
Alex Vilenkin
See book keywords and concepts |
| This schizophrenic behavior is best illustrated in the famous double-slit experiment (Figure 11.4). The setup consists of a light source and a photographic plate, which is blocked by an opaque screen with two narrow parallel slits in it. The light that gets through the slits creates an image on the plate. The experiment was first performed in the early 1800s by the English physicist Thomas Young. He found that the image displays a pattern of alternating bright and dark fringes. All points on the photographic plate receive light from both slits. |
| The distortion of spacetime geometry by a massive body can be illustrated by a heavy object resting on a horizontally stretched rubber sheet (see Figure 2.1). The rubber surface is warped near the object, just as space-time is warped near a gravitating body. If you try playing billiards on this rubber sheet, you will discover that the billiard balls are deflected on the curved surface, especially when they pass near the heavy mass. This analogy is not perfect—it illustrates only the warping of space, not that of spacetime—but it does capture the essence of the idea.
Figure 2.1. |
| This effect is illustrated in Figure 6.7 for a spherical false-vacuum region. Only two spatial dimensions are shown, so the spherical boundary of the region is represented by a circle. Tension pulls the boundary inward, toward the center of the sphere, and this has the effect of reducing the volume of false vacuum. But this reduction is totally negligible compared with the exponential expansion of the interior.
The inflating balloon is connected to the exterior space by a narrow "wormhole. |
Marshall Editions
See book keywords and concepts |
 But years of experience with herbs has illustrated that some plants can be helpful and safe to take in these situations to ease a variety of complaints. For instance, slippery elm root bark powder is often used to treat heartburn in pregnant women and is considered quite safe because the herb is minimally absorbed by the body. Nonetheless, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or considering using herbal medicine to treat your children, consult a medical herbalist for specific direction. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
See book keywords and concepts |
| This is illustrated by a study in African American women aged 15-49 who consumed 10 pg/day (400 IU) of supplemental vitamin D in addition to their usual diet. Serum 25(OH)D levels remained below 37.5 nmol#l in 11% of the African American women; thus a much higher percentage of black subjects could not attain the optimal serum range of 75-80 nmol ^ 1 at this modest level of vitamin D supplementation [43, 49].
D. Sun Exposure as a Source of Vitamin D
Sunlight contributes UVB and UVA radiation, but only UVB permits cholecalciferol synthesis [50]. |
Alex Vilenkin
See book keywords and concepts |
| The kind of explanation for the particle properties that physicists hope to find in the final theory is well illustrated by how the chemical properties of the elements were explained in quantum mechanics. Early in the last century, atoms were thought to be the fundamental building blocks of matter. Each type of atom represents a different chemical element, and chemists had accumulated a colossal amount of data on the properties of the elements and their interactions with one another. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
See book keywords and concepts |
| As the United States stretches from 20 °N (Puerto Rico) to over 70 °N (Alaska), it is important to recognize how latitude can impact on vitamin D status. As illustrated in Figure 2, there is a seasonal variation in 25(OH)D at latitudes close to 50?where presumably casual exposure to sun in the late spring, summer, and early autumn has resulted in levels of 25(OH)D that, on average, approach the level of 75-80 nmol/liter, which is closer to the level now recommended by many researchers [4, 14]. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 Using this concept as a treatment was well illustrated in a randomized, placebo-controlled study of 32 premenopausal women with bacterial vaginosis71 that used hydrogen peroxide—producing lactobacillus vaginal tablets delivered with 0.03 mg of vaginal estriol (a European product called Gynoflor). The study found that estrogen enhances the acid production of the lactobacilli and assists in their proliferation, in addition to helping maintain normal vaginal tissue health. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts |
| MODERATE RISK
Statins: Oat bran may impair absorption and effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors as illustrated by 2 case reports of patients taking lovastatin with oat bran. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol significantly increased in 2 patients taking lovastatin 80 milligrams and oat bran fiber 50 to 100 grams daily for hypercholesterolemia after 4 weeks. When oat bran was discontinued, LDL decreased to baseline levels (Richter et al, 1991). Clinical Management: Administer oat bran two hours before or four to six hours after an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. |
Sophie D. Coe and Michael D. Coe
See book keywords and concepts |
 The face-off between the two worlds is nicely illustrated by the scientific name of our tree: Theohroma cacao, given to it in 1753 by Carl von Linne, the 18th-century Swedish scientist whose cognomen is usually written in its Latinized form as Linnaeus. The binomial system by which we now classify all living things was invented by him, to replace the clumsy descriptive Latin sentences used by his predecessors. The first part of this particular binomial, the name of the genus to which cacao (the "chocolate tree") belongs, is from the Greek and means "food of the, gods. |
| His magnum opus on the plants of New Spain (Mexico) contained descriptions of over 3000 species, along with their Nahuatl names, and was illustrated by native artists. Unhappily fot posterity, the original went up in flames in 1671, in the fire that destroyed Philip's libtary in the Escorial; but it had a partial survival in a poor copy that was finally published with woodcuts based on the native watercolors.13
His Aztec informants gave Hernandez the general name for the cacao tree: cacahuacuauhuitl, compounded from cacahuatl, "cacao," and cuauhuitl, "tree. |
| His great encyclopedic General History of the Things of New Spain totalled 12 volumes of lavishly illustrated manuscript; and manuscript it stayed, at least until the end of the 19th century, for it was suppressed at the express order of the fanatical, bigoted Philip II of Spain. No other source on any native people of the Americas approaches it in completeness and accuracy, and we may place near-total reliance on what Sahagun's informants told him about every aspect of Aztec life, including the use of cacao and chocolate. |
Erich Grotewold
See book keywords and concepts |
 This was illustrated by Nel et al. (1999b) by synthesis of the 4',7'-dihydroxyflavan-3-ol diastereomers to confirm (2i?,35)-guibourtinidol as a new natural product. Owing to the acid lability of methoxymethyl derivative, the MOM functionality was used as a protecting group. This method was extended to the synthesis of the full range of flavan-3-ols, comprising different oxygenated phenolic substitutions as found in nature (Nel et al., 1999c).
3.6. |
Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 The Charles Macintosh factory, illustrated in Thomas Hancock, Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progr Rubber Manufacture in England (London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longman & Roberts, 1857). The prim panorama foldout, 22.2 cm x 43 cm, following the title page.
H. W. Johns'
PATENTED
Asbestos Roofing:.
Highest Premium (medal) Awarded and Endorsed by Certificate from the
AMERICAN INSTITl lli as "The Best Article in tho market." The "ASBESTOS HOOFING" is a substantial and reliable material, which can be safely used in place of Tin, Slate, Ac,, on steep or flat roofs, in all climates. |
Erich Grotewold
See book keywords and concepts |
| Gene downregulation using RNAi technology at least now appears to provide a way to target genes in a highly specific manner, as illustrated in modulation of flower color in Torenia hybrida using RNAi against CHS (Fukusaki et al., 2004).
At the same time, the unexpected outcomes of attempts to engineer flavonoid biosynthesis continue to generate new insights into how metabolism really operates in cells. For example, two recent engineering efforts have uncovered new clues as to how flux through competing branch pathways is controlled. |
Pam Montgomery
See book keywords and concepts |
 Another angelic reference, illustrated in the species name, is to the Archangel Michael who is considered to be God's physician. Michael serves as an angelic healer especially presiding over springs, rivers, and pools that he has imbued with medicinal healing properties. Archangel Michael also stands at the gates of paradise "to keep the way of the tree of life" (Genesis 3:24). Angelica was so highly regarded it was called the "root of the Holy Ghost." My personal interpretation of this reference is that Angelica can serve as a spiritual guide in one's life. |
Email this page to a friend
