Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
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 Over the last four years, the division of Environmental hazards and Health Effects has laid the foundation for a national system designed to track environmental hazards and the diseases they cause. With the help of this system, dubbed the National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network, scientists, policymakers, communities, and the general public will soon have access to more information that they need to prevent exposure to the environmental factors that can lead to poor health and disease. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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 PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. Digestive complaints and constipation are conceivable with the intake of large quantities, due to the constituent tannins.
DOSAGE
Mode of Administration: Available as a liquid extract.
LITERATURE
Oliver-Bever B (Ed., 1986), Medicinal Plants of Tropical West Africa, Cambridge University Press UK.
Sharma BR and Sharma P, (1981) Planta Med 43:102.
Schimmer O, Furochinolinalkaloide als biologisch aktive Naturstoffe. In: ZPT 12(5):151. |
| PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages.
DOSAGE
Mode of Administration: Internally as a tea; externally, the fresh herb is squeezed for poultices.
Daily Dosage: There is no exact dosage. A daily recommended dose consists of 1 to 2 dessertspoonfuls (30ml) of the juice of the fresh plant.
LITERATURE
Bohlmann F et al, Chem Ber 93, 981. 1968.
Hansel R, Keller K, Rimpler H, Schneider G (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5. Aufi. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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 However, it is not possible with the data currently available to draw conclusions as to the benefits or hazards of either plant or animal proteins in the diets of people with diabetes.
B. Carbohydrate
Fasting blood glucose is determined by the overproduction of glucose from the liver and the body's ability to remove glucose from the bloodstream. Blood glucose concentration following a meal is determined by the rate of appearance of glucose into the bloodstream and its clearance or disappearance from the circulation [48]. |
| Two highly publicized trials provided evidence for potentially adverse effects of antioxidants, particularly in smokers and in individuals exposed to certain environmental hazards, such as asbestos. These two independent, randomized, clinical trials, the 5- to 8-year ATBC (a-tocopherol P-carotene) [42] and the 4-year CARET (p-CArotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial) [43], reported adverse effects of 20- and 30-mg P-carotene daily supplementation on lung cancer risk in high-risk populations. |
| The benefits and hazards of antioxidants: controlling apoptosis and other protective mechanisms in cancer patients and the human population. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20, 464S^172S.
32. Food and Drug Administration Office of Special Nutritionals. (1993). Conference on Antioxidant Vitamins and Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease, November 1-3. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC.
33. Seifried, H. E., McDonald, S. S., Anderson, D. E., Greenwald, P., and Milner, J. A. (2003). The antioxidant conundrum in cancer. Cancer Res. 63, 4295^1298.
34. Seifried, H. E., Anderson, D. E., Sorkin, B. |
| Hazards in subgroups of human obesity. Eur J. Clin. Invest. 14, 239-241. Randle, P. J., Garland, P. B., Hales, C. N., and Newsholme, E. A. (1963). The glucose fatty-acid cycle. Its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1, 785-789.
Stern, M. P., Olefsky, J., Farquhar, J. W., and Reaven, G. M. (1973). Relationship between fasting plasma lipid levels and adipose tissue morphology. Metabolism 22, 1311-1317. Smith, C. J., Vasta, V., Degerman, E., Belfrage, P., and Manganiello, V. C. (1991). |
| Moderate sodium restriction: do the benefits justify the hazards? Am. J. Hypertens. 3, 499-504.
37. Luft, F. C. (1988). Sodium: complexities in a simple relationship. Hosp. Pract. 73-80.
38. Kumanyika, S. K, and Cutler, J. A. (1997). Dietary sodium reduction: Is there cause for concern? J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 16(3), 192-203.
39. Pietinen, P., and Tuomilehto, J. (1980). Estimating sodium intake in epidemiological studies. In "Epidemiology of Arterial Blood Pressure" (H. Kestleloot and J. V. Joossens, Eds.), pp. 29-44. Springer-Kerlog, New York.
40. Dyer, A. R., Elliott, P., and Shipley, M. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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| PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
General: No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages.
Drug Interactions: The absorption of other drugs taken simultaneously may be delayed.
DOSAGE
Mode of Administration: Cut leaves for aqueous extracts as well as other galenic preparations for internal use. Cut or ground root for aqueous extracts as well as other galenic preparations for internal use. Marshmallow syrup is to be used only for treatment of dry coughs. |
| PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. Because of the constituent tannins, the intake of larger quantities could well lead to digestive complaints and constipation.
DOSAGE
Daily Dosage: The average daily dose is 3 gm of herb or equivalent preparations.
LITERATURE
Bilai AR et al., A flavonol glycoside from Agrimonia eupatoria. In: PH 32:1078. 1993.
Chon SC et al., (1987) Med Pharmacol Exp 16(5):407-413. Drozd GA et al., (1983) Khim Prir Soed 1:106. Patrascu V et al. |
David Steinman
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 Corzine's chemical plant security legislation required the federal Environmental Protection Agency to work with the Department of Homeland Security to establish minimum requirements for the improvement of security and the reduction of potential hazards at chemical plants and other industrial facilities that store large quantities of hazardous materials. Senator Corzine introduced the Chemical Security Act on October 31, 2001, and hearings were held on November 14, 2001. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
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| PRECAUTIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. Due to the constituent pungent substances, the intake of larger dosages may well lead to irritations of the stomach and the urinary drainage passages.
LITERATURE
Connell WD, J Chem 23:369. 1970. Further information in:
Hoppe HA (1975-1987) Drogenkunde, 8. Aufl., Bde 1-3, W. de Gruyter Verlag, Berlin, New York.
Kern W, List PH, Hdrhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. |
Hyla Cass, M.D.
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 The potential hazards of B12 and folate depletion and the rise in homocysteine that can result are covered in detail on pages 48-52. Please refer to those pages to discover in more detail why B vitamin supplements are a good idea for anyone using medicines that deplete those vitamins.
The other depletions of concern here are the minerals calcium, zinc, and iron, and vitamin D. |
Melody Petersen
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 The practice of public health had long been defined as that of protecting and improving the health of a community through such preventive measures as education, vaccines, sanitation, and monitoring environmental hazards. Public health scientists, funded by government grants, have also looked more broadly at the long-term risks and benefits of prescription medicines. But in Iowa the College of Public Health had become a magnet for industrial drug trials, some of which did not end up serving the public's health. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. In higher dosages, the drug is said to be nauseant, and to have the effect of promoting labor and menstruation.
Pregnancy: In high dosages, the drug promotes labor; therefore, it should not be used during pregnancy. dosage
Mode of Administration: The ground drug and liquid extract are used for infusions and poultices.
Daily Dosage: The usual dose is 2 to 4 gm dissolved in liquid as an infusion. literature
Fukuda N et al., (1981) Chem Pharm Bull 29 (2):325. |
| BELLADONNA LEAF AND ROOT
General: No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. The following could occur as side effects, particularly with overdoses: erubescence, dryness of the mouth, mydriasis, and tachycardiac arrhythmias. These are early signs of atropine poisoning. Other side effects may include hypocycloses, heat accumulation through reduction of perspiration, micturation difficulties and obstipation. |
James Howard Kunstler
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 Bush was fully informed of the hazards of the oil peak situation by at least one credible authority, Matthew Simmons, a leading oil industry investment banker and a highly regarded public commentator who has spoken forthrightly in scores of conferences and symposia about the hazards presented by the coming global oil peak. Simmons was brought in to advise the Bush campaign as early as 1999 and had many frank discussions with Bush both before and after the election. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. Individuals with gastric sensitivity may experience queasiness and vomiting following intake of preparations made from the drug with high tannin content. Liver damage is conceivable with administration of the drug over extended periods, particularly with children, due to the possible hepatotoxicity of the hydroquinones released. |
Devra Davis
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 Four years later, working at the Jena Tobacco Institute, two other German scientists produced a more sophisticated and powerful analysis on the hazards of tobacco, looking at nearly twice as many deaths.59 Erich Schoniger and Eberhard Schairer surveyed 195 lung cancer cases and 555 others with different cancers, and compared their habits to those of 700 men with no evident disease.60The results were stunning. Out of 195 people with lung cancer only 3 had not smoked. Many of them had smoked and worked in dusty trades, with exposure to agents like asbestos and chromates. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. dosage
Mode of Administration: The drug is available as an extract for oral use. The root is also used in homeopathy. literature
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde 1-8, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Murata T et al., (1968) Tetrahedron Letteers 103:849.
Murata T et al., Chem Pharm Bull 18:1369. 1970.
Oshima Y et al., PH 22:183. 1983. |
Shannon Brownlee
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 Lawrence Dey-ton, chief public health and environmental hazards officer at the Veterans Health Administration, says he has been hearing more and more from doctors who want to come work for the VHA: "Not a day goes by that somebody doesn't call me up asking for a job."
Evidence
This plan can work only if we increase the evidence for effective care. Does every patient who undergoes major surgery need a vena cava filter, the tiny, spiderlike metal device that traps blood clots before they can get to the lungs and cause an embolism? Doctors still disagree. |
| Most ER physicians know this is the right way to treat a patient with a normal neurological exam, and many are aware of the hazards of an unnecessary head CT, yet they order them anyway, they say, because juries in malpractice cases don't always pay attention to the medical evidence. In 2004, John and Robyn Sprague, of La Plata, Maryland, won a five-million-dollar judgment against their pediatrician and two doctors at a local hospital because they failed to order a head CT for the Spragues' infant son. |
David Steinman
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| Today, Greenpeace is regarded as having first alerted shoppers to the widespread hazards of PVC in ordinary consumer products. www. greenpeace.org
Natural Resources Defense Council
The NRDC has worked in all areas of the environment from toxics by taking on Alar in the 1980s to promoting sustainable forestry and fisheries. Their top flight attorneys are in the thick of legal battles to protect our natural resources. www.nrdc.org
Nature Conservancy
Nature Conservancy is critical to preserving deep ecological reserves throughout America and the world. www.natureconservancy. |
Jack Challem
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 If you're out walking, you can listen to podcasts or music on your MP3 player—just pay attention to your surroundings, the traffic, and any hazards you might trip over. You can also vary your activities, walking one day, sweeping the garage or the driveway on another, and working with hand weights the next.
The Different Types of Physical Activity
Physical activities and exercise are often grouped by what they do for the body. It's good to know the different types. The two principal types of activities are aerobics and strength-training (resistance) exercises. |
Lester A. Mitscher and Victoria Toews
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 Viral Infection
Scientific confirmation of the antiviral capabilities of tea arrived as early as 1978, when a team from the Bureau of Microbial hazards in Ottawa, Canada, looked for antiviral agents among nineteen different beverages. The virus that causes polio was used as a representative virus. Tea, grape juice, and apple juice showed the most potent virus-inactivation ability, with less than one percent of the viruses surviving in these beverages. The researchers suggested that flavonoids in these beverages bond with viruses to form noninfectious complexes. |
James Howard Kunstler
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| Bush was fully informed of the hazards of the oil peak situation by at least one credible authority, Matthew Simmons, a leading oil industry investment banker and a highly regarded public commentator who has spoken forthrightly in scores of conferences and symposia about the hazards presented by the coming global oil peak. Simmons was brought in to advise the Bush campaign as early as 1999 and had many frank discussions with Bush both before and after the election. |
Stacy Malkan
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 Yet according to Skin Deep, up to 80% of products may contain one or more hidden hazards that are not even listed on product labels. Recent product tests chronicled in the book Safe Trip to Eden by David Steinman shed light on this problem with cosmetics safety.6
Don't trust these odds?
Then you should know: only 11% of the 10,500 chemicals in your cosmetics have been screened for safety.
Busy with three kids, David Steinman's wife didn't have time to worry about toxic products. So he worried for them all. "Maybe it's because I know too many secrets," he said. |
| Other ingredients that pose similar hazards for nitrosamine contamination are 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-l,3-diol and Padimate-O.
Contaminants linked to breast cancer include PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and 1,3-butadiene. PAHs may be found in petrolatum, also called petroleum jelly. The contaminant 1,3-butadiene is a potential impurity in butane (also called n-butane), a propellant used in aerosol personal care products." An easier way to avoid harmful contaminants is to use Skin Deep's advanced search function to locate products that do not contain known impurities. |
| Some hidden hazards that may be lurking within synthetic-chemical fragrances include:
• Allergens. Fragrances are considered to be among the top five known allergens, and are known to both cause asthma and trigger asthma attacks.14
• Phthalates. Product tests conducted by Consumer Reports in January 2007 found the phthalates DEP and DEHP in all eight of eight perfumes tested.15 The Not Too Pretty report found phthalates in 72% of personal care products, including fragrance-containing shampoos, deodorants and hair gels. None of the products listed phthalates on the label.16
• Sensitizers. |
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