David R. Montgomery
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 Agriculture expanded so much under the later Roman occupation that the empire's Middle East provinces were completely deforested by the first century ad. grazing typically replaced forests on terrain too steep to farm. Throughout the region, flocks of goats and sheep reduced vegetation to stubble. Catastrophic soil erosion followed when too many livestock grazed steep hillsides. Forest soils built up over millennia disappeared. Once the soil was gone, so was the forest. |
| Large areas of worn-out hills and newly marshy valleys meant that formerly cultivated regions were becoming pastures of little use beyond grazing. Once-flourishing towns emptied as pastures supported fewer farmers than did the former fields.
Romans recognized that their wealth came from the earth; after all they coined the name Mother Earth (mater terra). As did the Greeks before them, Roman philosophers recognized the fundamental problems of soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. |
Richard Bartlett
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 He fell to the ground, landing on his chin and grazing his face along the tarry surface of the hot, hard asphalt. His face burning with acute embarrassment and a cold fury, he rose to his feet and rushed at me with his hand balled into a fist. I gulped once and prepared to experience pain. Raising my arms toward my face, I cowered behind my hands in a feeble attempt to fend off the brunt of the coming blow. Then something completely unexpected and magical occurred.
Time slowed way down (again), as I watched the enraged bull charge very slowly toward me. |
Joseph Campbell
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| In the field where the cows were grazing there was a broad flat stone.
" 'Will you come here,' said Oisin to the herdsman, 'and turn over this stone?'
" 'Indeed, then, I will not,' said the herdsman; 'for I could not lift it, nor twenty men more like me.'
"Oisin rode up to the stone, and, reaching down, caught it with his hand and turned it over. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 Feeding large amounts of any type of grain to a grazing animal will have this effect simply because grain has fewer of these nutrients than fresh pasture. Grain-fed animals also produce far more of the proinflammatory omega-6s and far less of the anti-inflammatory omega-3s. The balance between these two types of fats is essential to human health. We get far too many omega-6s and far too few omega-3 s. The fat in grass-fed animals is much closer to a healthy balance. The fat in grain-fed animals makes the situation worse. |
Dr. Steven R. Gundry
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 Detoxification enzymes, which neutralize or eliminate toxins, are located mainly in the liver and are usually on standby in the event of an emergency. For grazing animals, the odds are that they are not going to eat enough of any single semi-toxic food to chronically overwhelm their enzyme systems. If one plant doesn't agree with them, most animals naturally just move on to another kind.
Raw vegetables are loaded with these "toxins." Am I saying you shouldn't eat plenty of raw vegetables? No way. |
| In the late summer and early fall, after a season of grazing, getting ready for winter, of course. The combination of large amounts of sugar and fat in any food triggers the same "Store Fat for Winter" program. No wonder you can't resist this combo. Your genes are looking for sugar and fat to signal an eating binge before winter sets in.
Fat has another bonus going for it. With the exception of vitamin D, which your body can manufacture directly from sunlight, you must get the A, E, K, and other fat-soluble vitamins in your diet, and they must be consumed as or with fat. |
| THE NATURAL CHOICE
I recommend free-range poultry and grass-fed beef, as their food sources are closest to those found before the advent of modern farming methods, which rely primarily on grain. grazing animals are likeliest to have the most beneficial ratio of omega-3s to omega-6s, as well as being a great source of plant phytonutrients in their tissues. Likewise, you're better off eating wild-caught than farm-raised fish.
BECOME A LEAN, GREEN EATING MACHINE
I promised you that you would be able to eat plenty of food and never feel hungry on Diet Evolution. |
| Not by grazing on the range. Instead, you limit their mobility in a pen, and feed them corn along with soybeans, and they fatten up ASAP, just like us! Limit our activity, feed us a diet based largely on grain products, and we fatten up. Once again, your genes are just responding to the information you're giving them.
Back to lettuce. In contrast, the average apple contains 100 calories, much of it in the form of fructose. You would have to consume three bags of romaine to get the same number of calories as in an apple. |
Dr. Sharon Moalem
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 The real problem that plants have is all those committed vegetarians grazing and buzzing and flying around that rely solely on them for food. But that doesn't mean we don't have to be careful, because plant toxins can cause lots of problems for us too. And chances are, you've probably eaten your fair share in the last week.
Ever have tapioca pudding? Tapioca is made from the cassava plant. Cassava is a large, thick-skinned tuber that looks kind of like a long white sweet potato with a coconut's skin. It's a major part of the diet in many tropical countries. |
David R. Montgomery
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| Across much of central Italy, centuries of farming and grazing left a legacy of thin soils on bare slopes.
Roman farmers distinguished soils based on their texture (sand or clay content), structure (whether the particles grouped together as crumbs or clods), and capacity to absorb moisture. They assessed a soil's quality according to the natural vegetation that grew on it, or its color, taste, and smell. Different soils were rich or poor, free or stiff, and wet or dry. The best soil was a rich blackish color, absorbed water readily, and crumbled when dry. |
Dr. Sharon Moalem
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| Every night, it leaves its colony, finds a nice blade of grass, and climbs to the tip, where it hangs on and, apparently suicidal, waits to be eaten by a grazing sheep as it munches on the grass. If it's not eaten, it returns to its colony during the day and finds another blade of grass the next night. Eventually, when the ant is eaten along with its blade of grass, the flukes make their way from the digestive system of their new host and colonize another liver.
The parasitic hairworm Spinochordod.es tellinii grows to adulthood inside grasshoppers in the south of France. |
David R. Montgomery
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| Limiting the intensity of grazing prevented the problems that brought starvation to the sutrounding countryside.
Deserrificarion began in both the Sahel and North Africa during rhe 1950s and 1960s, despire above average Norrh African rainfall during these years. Large state-owned ranches established during the 1960s showed no evidence of desertification if stocked at the estimated long-tetm capacity of the rangelands. Although drought reinforces the effects of land degradation, climate variability is not the root cause. Droughts naturally recur in semiarid regions. |
| Land devoted to cotton and grazing grew more than twentyfold. Land planted in sugar quadrupled. Coffee plantations grew by more than half. Forced from the most fertile land, Guatemalan peasants were pushed up hillsides and into the jungle. Four decades after the 1954 coup, fewer than two out of every hundred landowners controlled two-thirds of Guatemalan farmland. As the size of agricultural plantations increased, the average farm size fell to under a hectare, less than needed to support a family. |
| Struggling to turn a profit from fields already farmed for a century and a half, he adopted the deep plowing, crop rotation, and grazing exclusion advocated by agricultural reformer John Taylor. Unimpressed with the results and almost ready to join the exodus westward, Ruffin tried applying marl to his land.
The results were dramatic. Plowing crushed fossil shells into his fields raised corn yields by almost half. Ruffin began adding marl to more of his land and almost doubled his wheat crop. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
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 Other Uses
Red clover is an important fodder plant for grazing animals and, because it fixes nitrogen, can be planted as a green manure. A yellow dye can be made from the flowers. In folkloric tradition, red clover is worn to promote prosperity, love, fidelity, and protection; eating a four-leafed clover with a lover is said to result in mutual love. |
| It also functions as a liver tonic: folklore tells of a flock of sheep recovering from liver problems after grazing on a hedge of boldo. The herb was formerly used in place of quinine. Today it is used in the treatment of cystitis, gallbladder pain, gallstones, gonorrhea, hepatitis, jaundice, obesity, and urinary tract infection.
Topically, boldo can be prepared as a compress or used as a bath herb to relieve arthritis pain.
Some Native American peoples used blue cohosh as a protective charm for children. |
| Its extremely bitter taste prevents animals from grazing upon it, and it does not burn easily. And after a nuclear test bomb was exploded in Yucca Flats, Nevada, in 1962, chaparral was one of the first plants to grow back, with twenty of the original twenty-one plants in the area resprouting.
CHICKWEED
Botanical Name
Stellaria alsine, S. graminea, S. media Family
Caryophyllaceae (Pink Family) Etymology
The genus name, Stellaria, is derived from the Latin Stella, "star, " in reference to the shape of the flower. The species name, media, is Latin for "medium. |
Jack Challem
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 If the deer successfully gets away, its stress hormones quickly decline, and the animal calms down and resumes grazing. Like animals, we are biologically designed to use these powerful chemicals in short bursts to counter stress and ensure survival. In our modern world, however, we deal with stress at every turn: at home, while commuting, at work, when looking for a parking space, while shopping, while waiting in line, and even when we grab a quick bite to eat. It often seems as if most people feel stressed nearly every moment of their waking lives. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 We're also seeing the clear-cutting of rain forests, in the Amazon especially, in order to create grazing land for cattle.
The decision to eat meat is not a solely personal decision. It doesn't just affect you. It actually affects the planet. The more meat you consume, the more land is used for meat raising and harvesting. In the case of the Amazon rainforest, it means there's less land available to support natural rain forest habitat, which is, of course, important for the oxygen production of the entire planet. |
Michael Pollan
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 He compared the vitamin content of butter produced from cows grazing on spring grass to that of animals on winter forages; not only were levels of vitamins A and D much higher in the yellower butter of the pastured animals but the health of the people who subsisted on those animals was better too. Price believed the quality of the soil was a key to health, and in 1932, he published a paper titled "New Light on Some Relationships Between Soil Mineral Deficiencies, Low Vitamin Foods, and Some Degenerative Diseases. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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 CC ^ I ^he mortality started
JL to occur within a week of continuously grazing on Bt cotton crops-residue."32
—Investigative report
1. After the cotton harvest in parts of India, sheep herds grazed continuously on Bt cotton plants.
2. Reports from four villages revealed that about 25% of the sheep died within a week.
3. Post mortem studies suggest a toxic reaction. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
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 Most of the research on the effects of phytoestrogens on the uterus is found in relationship to the agricultural industry and the health of grazing animals. In the 1940s, it was reported that the red clover sheep grazed on in Australia was responsible for their infertility.37 A Finnish study of pasture legumes determined that red clover contained the highest concentrations of phytoestrogens38 and that abundant intake of red clover resulted in fertility problems in cattle. |
Sophie D. Coe and Michael D. Coe
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 For the next tevolution which took place in the history of chocolate, let us return to those peacefully grazing cows. As far as we know, the first person to combine milk with chocolate was the Englishman Nicholas Sanders;18 in 1727, he produced a drink with these ingredients for Sir Hans Sloane, then first surgeon to George II, but better known as the founder of the British Museum and for the London street and square named after him. |
David Steinman
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 To its credit, Aurora Organic has added 550 acres of grazing land to its farm and is building a new dairy in a layout conducive to putting thousands of cows on pasture and still milking them three times a day.
As for Horizon, it is developing initiatives across the country to support the conversion of more and more family-run dairy operations to organic products, relieving pressure on their larger farm. (In fact, small family-run farms provide 80 percent of the dairy products sold under the Horizon brand, according to the company's spokesperson. |
| Although Aurora's farm in Platteville, Colorado, might have been at the foot of the Rocky Mountains, according to the New York Times, "Of the 5,200 cows on the farm, just a few hundred—those between milking cycles or near the end of their lactation—were sitting or grazing on small patches of pasture."48
The Cornucopia Institute filed similar complaints with the USDA concerning management practices at the Aurora and Vander Eyk dairies.
In August 2005, the USDA dismissed these complaints. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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| Sheep died after grazing in Bt cotton fields
While visiting the district Animal Health Centre (AHC) in late April 2006, a local president of an Indian shepherd's union looked through the veterinary register and noticed 11 unusual post mor-tems on sheep. Examinations were conducted during February and March on animals that had grazed continuously in Bt cotton fields; they developed unusual symptoms before dying mysteriously. Some notes even gave a tentative diagnosis that Bt cotton was the cause. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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| People who wanted organic food were voting both for their health and against a marketplace that was increasingly providing them with "food products" bearing less and less resemblance to anything that could once be considered real or whole food—stuff that grew out of the ground, fell from a tree, or was harvested from healthy animals grazing on pasture or wild fish from uncontaminat-ed waters. Buying organic represented a return to natural—and presumably healthier—foods.
At least that was the hope.
So yes, I buy organic whenever possible. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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| One shepherd reported that many of his sheep had died in 2005 after grazing on Bt crops. In 2006, he kept them out of Bt fields and there was no mortality. In a second village, shepherds "described the identical symptoms." Among 29 herds with 2,168 sheep, 549 animals (25%) died. Visits to two other villages yielded similar reports, with deaths sometimes occurring within four days. Farmers estimated that the total number of sheep deaths in the region was 10,000. |
Dr. Sharon Moalem
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| Males began to hunt bravely for meat among the herds of grazing animals. Some combination of these new circumstances—the need to scan the horizon for food or predators, the need to cover long distances between food and water—led the savanna hominid to begin walking upright. Other adaptations were similarly related to the new environment—hunting required tools and cooperation; smarter prehumans made better tools and better teammates, so they survived longer and attracted more mates, and the process selected for bigger brains. |
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