J. Douglas Bremner
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 Aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and the other fungal infections occur in immunocompromised individuals, like patients with HIV, in whom they may be life threatening, and therefore are beyond the scope of this book.
Antifungals used to treat aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis are polyene drugs, like amphotericin B, gris-eofulvin, and nystatin, which bind themselves to membrane sterols in fungal cell membranes, causing cell death. Side effects include anemia, low blood potassium and magnesium, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and headache. |
Kevin Trudeau
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 Without the good bacteria dominating the internal environment, yeast (or Candida) will convert into its fungal form. This fungal form has the ability to leave the digestive tract and spread throughout the body. Once there, it becomes a source of toxicity throughout the body until it is eliminated. The natural balance can only then be restored. Each fungal cell will secrete toxins that destroy other bacteria, thus perpetuating the cycle of imbalance and toxicity. These toxins are another cause of inflammation in the body. |
Cynthia A. Foster, M.D.
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 Usually the patients had fungal infections because they had received so many antibiotics that the fungus overgrew. The fungal infection was usually worse than the bacterial infection. The doctors were then going to administer the very toxic antifungal medications. I saw this situation repeatedly in every rotation. First, the bacterial infections and the antibiotics, then the antiviral for the viral infections, then the antifungals for the fungal infection that could eat up half of the face if the doctors couldn't stop it. |
Melody Petersen
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 Patients were told to swallow the older drug, amphotericin B, even though it was well known that it must be given intravenously to fight off fungal infections. On top of that, in some trials the scientists had divided the cancer patients into three groups. The groups were assigned to take Diflucan, amphotericin B, or a drug called nystatin. The third drug, nystatin, was one of the first antifungal medicines to be discovered. It is almost insoluble, which is why it is often used as a cream for skin infections. Doctors knew that nystatin would not help cancer patients like those in the trials. |
Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
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 Mill fever has two exposure prerequisites: first, relatively high levels of fiber dust and, second, conditions in which bacteria or fungal mildew contaminate the material handled. Since textile manufacturing is not a sterile process, some degree of bacterial or fungal residue is always present. Mill fever breaks out when the levels of dust and contamination are both high enough, conditions made possible by carding. byssinosis
A bad case of mill fever may be briefly debilitating, yet in and of itself it does not seem to be a harbinger of any residual illness. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D.
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 He also reported that even undiluted forms had little effect on onychomycosis (i.e., fungal nail infection). Diluted tea tree oil in solution reduced foot irritation and promoted wound healing in cases of surgical incision of corns, calluses, bunion, and hammertoes, and was extremely effective in diminishing bromhidrosis.
Fungal nail infection fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) are the most frequent cause of nail disease, affecting approximately 2 to 13 percent of the population. Standard medical treatments include debridement, topical antifungals, and systemic antifungals. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 Chinese Medicine: Preparations are used for worm infestation, fungal, and bacterial infections.
Homeopathic Uses: Allium cepa is used for acute inflammatory illnesses, pain syndrome, and flatulent colic. precautions and adverse reactions
No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. The intake of large quantities can lead to stomach complaints. Frequent contact with the drug leads on rare occasion to allergic reactions (hand eczema). |
Erich Grotewold
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 Stilbene phytoalexins are produced sporadically throughout the plant kingdom as defenses against fungal pathogens (Figure 7.7). The backbone of these compounds is synthesized by the enzyme stilbene synthase.
Stilbene synthases exhibit moderate to high amino acid sequence similarity to chalcone synthases and catalyze a similar condensation reaction. Using a phylogenetic analysis of chalcone and stilbene synthases, Tropf et al. (1994) showed that stilbene synthases have been derived independently several times from chalcone synthase, presumably following CHS duplication. |
| Compared to "wild-type" plants with blue flowers (AAWW genotype), white-flowered aa plants exhibit reduced germination and early survival, increased susceptibility to insect herbivores and fungal pathogens, and reduced seed set and pollination success at high (though natural) temperatures (Coberly, 2003; Coberley and Rausher, 2003). |
| One of the primary functions of tannins in plants is believed to be defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens, as well as herbivores (Feeny, 1970). This is likely to be one of the primary advantages that drove the evolution of the capability to produce proanthocyanidins in the lineage leading to ferns. As with other enzymes, DFR seems to have been derived from a duplicated gene associated with primary metabolism, in this case NADPH-dependent reductases associated with steroid metabolism (Baker and Blasco, 1992). |
| L, 1990, Synthesis of phytoalexins in sorghum as a site-specific response to fungal ingress, Science 248: 1637-1639.
Souer, E., Quattrocchio, F, de Vetten, N., Mol, J. and Koes, R, 1995, A general method to isolate genes tagged by a high copy number transposable element, Plant Jl: 677-685.
Spelt, C, Quattrocchio, F., Mol, J. N. and Koes, R., 2000, anthocyanin! of petunia encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein that directly activates transcription of structural anthocyanin genes, Plant Cell 12: 1619-1631.
Spelt, C, Quattrocchio, F., Mol, J. |
Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
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| Since textile manufacturing is not a sterile process, some degree of bacterial or fungal residue is always present. Mill fever breaks out when the levels of dust and contamination are both high enough, conditions made possible by carding. byssinosis
A bad case of mill fever may be briefly debilitating, yet in and of itself it does not seem to be a harbinger of any residual illness. But the same workers who are at risk of contracting mill fever are also at risk of a more chronic and insidious disease that also comes from inhaling cotton dust. |
| In the 1880s, during the famous phy-loxyra epidemic that devastated the wine industry, carbon disulfide was promoted at one point as a potential miracle cure for the fungal disease. Carbon disulfide's main use over the years was as a grain fumigant, an application linked with substantial exposure, which was not discontinued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency until 1985.76
This phase-out of a marginal use of carbon disulfide has been dwarfed by a huge new application. |
Erich Grotewold
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| B) When plants are treated with the fungal toxin brefeldin A (BFA), protein secretion from the Golgi complex is inhibited and the early Gogli cisternae collapse into the endoplasmic reticulum. When wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings are treated with BFA, PIN1 exocytosis is blocked, endocytosis continues, andPIN1 is sequestered in BFA-sensitive intracellular bodies (Geldner et al, 2001). When BFA is washed out of the cells with buffer or flavonols, PIN1 exocytosis resumes as in A, and PIN1 is again observed on the PM. |
Shannon Brownlee
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 They turned out to be scars from an old histoplasmosis infection, a common fungal disease that is of no consequence in healthy people. The long-gone infection also explained the lump on his liver.
Beyond the dangers of workups for incidentalomas, unnecessary imaging tests pose the added risk of radiation. Over the past few years, many radiologists and emergency room physicians have grown increasingly concerned that one day we are going to wake up and discover that the millions of radiological tests patients undergo today will lead to thousands of cases of cancer tomorrow. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 T cells work together in exquisite collaboration with a vast array of different types of immune cells to protect our bodies from bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections—as well as from other foreign invaders, including chemicals and toxins. The process starts when special markers—known as antigen receptors, which sit on the surface of T cells—detect pieces of foreign antigens entering the body. When they find an antigen that matches their antigen receptor, they make what you might think of as a bingo match. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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| The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each species was determined using the broth/agar dilution method. The fungal species used were Alternaria citrii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Helminthosporium compactum, Macrophomina pha-seolina, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sporothrix schenkii, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Only Macrophomina phaseolina was not inhibited by the Eucalyptus oil. The MIC concentrations ranged from 0.25 mcL/mL for T mentagrophytes to 10 mcL/ mL for H compactum (Pattnaik et al, 1996). |
| Wang BH, Polya GM, The fungal teratogen secalpnic acid D is an inhibitor of protein kinase C and of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. In: PM 62(2): 111-114. 1997.
Wenzlaff H, Dihydroergotamin. In: DAZ 136(26):2179-2181. 1996.
Erigeron canadensis
See Canadian Fleabane
Eriodictyon californicum
See Yerba Santa
Eryngium campestre
See Eryngo
Eryngo
Eryngium campestre description
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the dried leaves, dried flowers, and dried roots.
Flower and Fruit: The plant bears small terminal cymes on oval to globular capitula on sweeping inflorescences. |
Mike Adams
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 Once you do find relief, remember to keep your feet dry and well ventilated so that the fungal disorder doesn't develop again.
Products to consider for athlete's foot:
These products are all for internal use to address the underlying causes of fungal infections. They are not topical products to be used directly on the feet (which only treat symptoms anyway).
Baseline Nutritionals Probiotics, Immunify and Super Viragon products (www.BaselineNutritionals.com)
*" Baseline Nutritionals Super ViraGon (www.BaselineNutritionals. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
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 Recent in vitro evidence suggests that fungal beta-glucans extracted from Pleurotus tuber-regium exerts its antiviral effect by binding to the virus, thereby preventing the infection of the host cells.39
Echinacea has shown in vitro antiviral activity against HSV-1,40 but a human study did not demonstrate any statistically significant reduction in recurrent genital herpes.41
Viracea, a proprietary blend of benzalkonium chloride and derivatives from Echinacea purpurea, was found to have anti-HSV-1 and -2 activity in vitro, even on strains that were resistant to acyclovir. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
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 Tea tree, an herb long used in the tropics to treat yeast and fungal infections, appears to help control fungal infections of the nail when applied directly. A recent study compared the results of treatments with standard therapy to that of 100 percent tea-tree oil for the treatment of fungal infections of the nails. One-hundred-seventeen patients took part in a study for six months. Half received standard antifungal treatment and half had the tea-oil solution applied to the infected nails. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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 Have you had repeated fungal infections (athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, etc.)?
• Do you regularly have any of these symptoms: bloating, headaches, depression, fatigue, memory problems, impotence or lack of interest in sex, muscle aches with no apparent cause, or mental fogginess?
• Do you experience symptoms of premenstrual syndrome?
• Do you have cravings for sweets, products containing white flour, or alcoholic beverages? |
Rainer W. Bussmann and Douglas Sharon
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 Skin Problems
Skin infections, either fungal or bacterial, as well as sunspots, moles, pockmarks, and malnutrition blemishes can be observed frequently in Northern Peru. Traditional healers are consequently consulted to treat these conditions. Seventy-five applications (3%) involved Skin problems, and 40 species (7.8%) were used. fungal infections are particularly difficult to treat in the context of Wesetrn medicine, and the use of plants to alleviate such infections is thus of particular interest. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 For acne, the typical strength of preparations is 5 to 15 percent tea tree oil, while 70 to 100 percent strength is usually used for fungal infections. You can also put it on your gums as a preventive against periodontal disease.
The active ingredient appears to be a compound called terpinen-4-ol, and good tea tree oil should be standardized to contain at least 30 percent of this compound. You also want to make sure it's standardized to contain no more than 10 percent cineole (preferably much less), which is an irritant. |
Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN
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 Pharmacists point out that the antifungal drugs nystatin and amphotericin-B behave like saponins, binding to the fungal cell membranes, causing increased permeability and the leakage of potassium and other essential components of the cell interior.36 Commonly prescribed to wipe out yeast infections, these drugs achieve that goal at a steep price. Side effects include pronounced damage to the patient's own cell membranes, with users complaining of gas, diarrhea, nausea and stomach pain.37 Not incidentally, these are some of the most common unwanted side effects of soybean consumption. |
Andreas Moritz
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 Many of the legumes' enzyme-inhibitors, which protect the plants against insect attacks or fungal infestation, cannot be destroyed by the heat generated during cooking. The protein alpha-amylase inhibitors, for example, may represent as much as 1 percent of wheat flour and, because of their heat resistance, persist through bread-baking. Consequently, they are typically found in large amounts in the center of loaves. For that reason, when people eat a lot of the inner parts of bread, instead of the crusty parts, they tend to develop flatulence. |
| The unusual thing about the flowers is that they are carnivorous and eat insects, protecting the tree against pests, parasites, viral infections, and fungal growth.
The power of the tree lies in the inner bark. It can be removed without damage, dried, from which an extract is obtained. The tree renews its bark and, therefore, serves as a continuous supply source. The active ingredient is known as Lapacho. The herbal remedy is valued for its ability to strengthen and balance the body's immune system. |
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