Jeffrey M. Smith
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 GM crop yields can be dangerously inconsistent
Reliability of yields is essential in developing countries, where a loss of a single seasons crop can spell starvation for some farmers. The severity of this became clear when farmers in India began planting Bt cotton. A 2005 study of 87 villages in the state of Andhra Pradesh over a period of three years12 showed that non-GM cotton yielded about 10% more than the Bt variety. |
Charles Barber
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 Davidson's contention is supported by the provocative finding by a number of independent researchers that schizophrenia outcomes are better in developing countries, where social and family supports are generally greater and where people are far less likely to be excluded from their natural communities.26
I have witnessed what Davidson is referring to. When you interview patients about how they got better, rarely do they cite a particular doctor or treatment program or medication. |
David R. Montgomery
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 Between 1961 and 1984 fertilizer use increased more than tenfold in developing countries. Well-to-do farmers prospered while many peasants could not afford to join the tevolution.
The green revolution simultaneously created a lucrative global market for the chemicals on which modern agriculture depended and practically ensured that a country embarked on this path of dependency could not realistically change coutse. In individuals, psychologists call such behaviot addiction.
Nonetheless, green revolution crops now account fot more than three-quarters of the rice grown in Asia. |
| In the developed world, through policies and subsidies they can reshape incentives to promote both small-scale organic farms and no-till practices on large, mechanized farms. In developing countries, they can give farmers new tools to replace their plows and promote no-till and organic methods on small labor-intensive farms. Governments can also support urban agriculture and much needed research on sustainable agriculture and new technologies, especially precision application of nitrogen and phosphorus, and on methods for retaining soil organic matter and soil fertility. |
Rainer W. Bussmann and Douglas Sharon
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 Recognition of the role of Traditional Medicine practitioners in providing health care in developing countries.
• Optimized and upgraded skills of Traditional Medicine practitioners in developing countries.
• Protection and preservation of the knowledge of Indigenous Traditional Medicine.
• Sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants.
• Reliable information for consumers on the proper use of Traditional Medicine and Complementary Alternative Medicine therapies and products.
The present study, financed through the "MHIRT," attempts to address some of these issues. |
David R. Montgomery
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| But urban farming is nor restricted to developing countries; by the late 1990s one out of ten families in some U.S. cities were engaged in urban agricultute, as were two-thirds of Moscow's families. Urban farms not only deliver fresh produce to urban consumers the same day it is harvested, with lower transportation costs and the use of far less water and fertilizer, they can absorb a significant amount of solid and liquid waste, reducing urban waste disposal problems and costs. |
| Unfortunately, most developing countries are in the tropical latitudes where soils are both poot in nuttients and vulnerable to erosion. Despite this awkward geopolitical asymmetry, it is myopic to ignore the reality that development built upon mining soil guarantees futute food shortages.
There are three great regions that could sustain intensive mechanized agricultute—the wide expanses of the world's loess belts in the American plains, Europe, and northern China, where thick blankets of easily farmed silt can sustain intensive farming even once the original soil disappears. |
Dr. Steve Blake
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 Mild Zinc Deficiency
Mild zinc deficiency is commonly found in children in developing countries. Mild zinc deficiency can impair weight gain and can prevent children from growing taller. Researchers suspect that lowered zinc levels can interfere with the cellular response to the growth-regulating hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Zinc supplementation has been found to correct these growth problems.
INFANT ZINC DEFICIENCY
Infants fed cow's milk may be more susceptible to mild zinc deficiency. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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| Since many developing countries still lack the institutional infrastructure and low-interest credit necessary to deliver these new seeds to poor farmers, biotechnology will only exacerbate marginalization."23
Increasing crop productivity does not, in itself, eradicate hunger
Lack of food is not the fundamental reason why so many millions of people go to bed hunger every night. According to the 1998 book, World Hunger: Twelve Myths, "The world today produces enough grain alone to provide every human being on the planet with 3,500 calories a day. That's enough to make most people fat! |
Dr. Steve Blake
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| The incidence of pneumonia in children in developing countries has been reduced with zinc supplementation. Zinc is essential for T-lymphocyte development and activation.
ZINC AND PREGNANCY
Four out of five pregnant women worldwide have inadequate zinc levels. Low maternal zinc status has been associated with low birth weight and premature delivery. Mothers with low zinc levels also have more labor and delivery complications than mothers with normal zinc levels. Zinc supplementation has been found to help pregnant women who have low nutritional status. |
Mark Schapiro
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 Citizens of developing countries were victims of America's own double standard: they were the market for America's forbidden products because their governments' environmental standards were far weaker than those in the United States. I never imagined that a quarter century later the effect of the U.S. government's withdrawal from serious environmental oversight would be to place Americans at the lower end of another double standard: that between the protections offered to Americans and those offered to their counterparts in Europe and elsewhere in the world. |
| Procter & Gamble, like other companies, was participating in a countrywide effort to highlight how trade could be used to raise the living standards of people in developing countries. As we munched on a tasty Caribbean chicken dish featuring "Oxfam raisins" —a fair-trade import by the British charity, Oxfam —Pollet explained that differing standards have long been at the forefront of concerns for a company with the marketing breadth of Procter & Gamble. Most of those, he said, have to do with "measurements, packaging, that kind of thing. |
| When Weir and I wrote Circle of Poison twenty-five years ago, Bayer was one of the companies we identified as selling organochlorine pesticides like aldrin and dieldrin to Mexico and other developing countries, which it couldn't sell in the United
States. Now many of those same chemicals are on the POPS list. In 2005, Bayer voluntarily withdrew lindane from the Mexican market in advance of that country's national ban taking effect. |
| Will China, India, Brazil, and other rapidly developing countries look to Brussels or to Washington for leadership on how to prepare for the environmental pressures that have been accompanying their highspeed growth? From whom will they buy the products, and look to for ideas, that might offer some sustainable solutions to their own looming environmental crises?
Transpacific Drift: China and the Next Big Thing
The European Commission took REACH on the road. To make it work, the manufacturing powerhouses of the new global economy had to be on board. |
| In fact, that Tufts University study found that most of the REACH exports manufactured in developing countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific also come from multinational firms, of European as well as African, Asian, and North American origin.) Branding (the Nike swoosh or the Hasbro decal) is what happens after a product leaves a Chinese factory and is shipped to its overseas buyer. A key question, then, over the coming decades is: According to whose product-safety standards will those factories produce? |
Bill Sardi
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 There would be 21% fewer cases of cancer in developing countries and 9% fewer cases in developed countries if these infectious diseases were prevented. The attributable fraction at the specific sites varies from 89% of cervix cancers attributable to the papillomaviruses to 1 % of all leukemias attributable to human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I. [Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Prevention 6: 387-400, 1997]
It is interesting to note that countries with the warmest climates and the spiciest cuisines also have the lowest rates of cancer. |
David R. Montgomery
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| A different approach—one that might actually work—is to promote the prosperity of small farms in developing countries. We need to enable peasant farmers to feed themselves, and generate an income capable of lifting them out of poverty while making them stewards of the land through access to knowledge, the right tools, and enough land to both feed themselves and grow a marketable surplus.
As much as climate change, the demand for food will be a major driver of global environmental change throughout the coming decades. |
Mark Lynas
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 Maize is one of the world's great staple crops, essential for household income and food security in many developing countries. This is where the problems begin. In Central and South America, the region where maize was first cultivated for food by the ancient Maya, losses are projected in every country except Chile and Ecuador. These losses may be offset by technological improvements in the future, but subsistence family farmers will be less able to adapt than big mechanised growers.
The majority of Africa is also expected to experience big declines in yields. |
Devra Davis
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 Summers came to the campus as an economist and former Treasury secretary with a reputation for turning around the economies of developing countries. He believed environmental concerns were for the rich. Like many development economists, he also felt that the best way for a country to improve its environmental record is to grow the economy to the point where people feel they have enough money to spend on a cleaner environment. |
| The situation in developing countries is much worse. Cervical cancer remains a death sentence in much of Africa, China and India. In the parts of the world where the most women live, the disease is not found in time for surgery and radiation. Such remedies remain the province of the wealthy. For most women around the world today, providing an inexpensive vaccination may offer the only hope. But if some American legislators have their way, that hope will never materialize. |
| Chronic illnesses also can have broad social roots in both developed and developing countries. Just having the bad luck to grow up in a place downstream from heavy industry can add to this cancer burden. Lately the Chinese government has admitted that cancers in people living along some of its heavily polluted rivers and streams in Huangmengying in the Huai River basin follow the steady flow of heavy metals, leather tanning, paper and pulp mills, and other uncontrolled pollutants that render half of its waters undrinkable. |
| China, India and other developing countries are full of Taiyuans, places where tremendous economic growth has created massive degradation of air and water.
You can move from where you grew up, but your body takes with it all the things that ever went into it that were too small or too well entrenched to come out. Li now breathes the much cleaner air of suburban Maryland, where her husband is a scientist at the National Institutes of Health. She remembers as a child in Taiyuan that whenever she wore white clothing, it would become covered with black dirt within a few hours. |
| Tapping volunteers throughout southwestern Pennsylvania, the group sends unused medical supplies to developing countries, where these simple items can make the difference between being able to do surgery or not. Lives are being saved with materials that would have otherwise ended up in dumps. Each year, eighteen tons of supplies are kept out of the local landfills and more than $ 150 million of goods are shipped to more than seventy countries. Reducing costs of shipping wastes is but one part of the greening of medicine. |
| Despite a century of evidence on its dangers, the market for asbestos is booming in India, China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Thailand and other developing countries led by shortsighted leaders determined to generate revenue today despite its lethal legacy. India has an asbestos industry with corrupt relations with government and ownership links with the media, increasing at 9 percent a year and recommended by some Indian stockbrokers as a good investment. China has its own asbestos mines. |
David R. Montgomery
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| In 1950 high-income countries in the developed world accounted for more than 90 percent of nitrogen fertilizer consumption; by the end of the century, low-income developing countries accounted for 66 percent.
In developing nations, colonial appropriation of the best land for export crops meant that increasingly intensive cultivation of marginal land was necessary to feed growing populations. New high-yield crop varieties incteased wheat and rice yields dramatically in the 1960s, but the greatet yields required more intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides. |
Mark Lynas
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| Where the losses are worst in developing countries, widespread starvation becomes a real possibility.
With structural famine gripping much of the subtropics, hundreds of millions of people will have only one choice left other than death for themselves and their families: they will have to pack up their belongings and leave. The resulting population transfers could dwarf those that have historically taken place due to wars or crop failures. Never before has the human population had to leave an entire latitudinal belt across the whole width of the globe. |
Mark Schapiro
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| Do we impose on developing countries this same environmental approach? Or do we permit 'dirty' industries to move elsewhere from Europe, and thus get a division between environmental havens and lands of waste?" The EU made a decision, Thery said, to work with its developing country partners in the global economy to assist them in meeting Europe's more rigorous requirements. "If you export your problems abroad," he added, "then that's a problem. |
Andreas Moritz
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 In countries with high socio-economic standards, infection is considerably less common than in developing countries where virtually everyone may be infected. If H. pylori causes stomach ulcers, why doesn't everyone in the developing world have them? Instead, stomach ulcers are much more common in the industrialized world. Although most people in the world have H. pylori bacteria in their stomach right from early childhood, in most of these individuals, H. pylori infection is asymptomatic. Only 10-15% of infected individuals will at some time experience peptic ulcer disease. |
| A series of liver cleanses alone can strengthen natural immunity, improve digestion, retard the aging process, restore health, and enhance mental functions.
In developing countries, where the elderly play an important role in society, general illness is low, provided there is enough food available. In these countries it is more likely that old people die from malnutrition than from a strain of virus. |
| The soaring AIDS epidemic is a product of mass deception based on faulty science, unreliable AIDS tests, and a greedy pharmaceutical industry that does everything in its power to have unrestricted access to the mostly untapped profit potential of Third World populations. developing countries thus far have largely refused to rely on modern medicine to keep their people healthy. AIDS has profoundly scared them, and so they have given into the tremendous pressure exerted onto them by international organizations, such as the WHO and their generous sponsors—the drug giants. |
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