Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts | It is a disorder of the trigeminal ^ nerve, which is the fifth and largest cranial nerve, but may also accompany sinusitis, tooth infection, ear infection, headache, herpes, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and, more rarely, a tumor. It is necessary to carry out tests to exclude tumors and infection. If an infection is causing the pain, this is treated accordingly. If herpes is the source of the pain, this is treated by suppressing the virus. | James F. Balch, M.D. and Mark Stengler, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) Syndrome
The temporomandibular joint connects the jawbone to the skull. When it is functioning properly, the bones of the joint allow the mouth to open smoothly and easily. Sometimes, however, there is a misalignment of the teeth or the jaw. In more serious cases, the cartilage that protects the joint wears down. Without cartilage to act as a cushion, the bones rub against each other.
TMJ can be caused by anything that places unusual pressure on the joint. A blow to the jawbone, habitual gum chewing, and poor orthodontic work are all possible factors. | Joan Liebmann-Smith, Ph. D., and Jacqueline Nardi Egan See book keywords and concepts | CLICKING JAW
Your breakfast cereal may snap, crackle, or pop, but if your jaw does the same whenever you bite into your food or yawn, you might have one of the most common signs of the very common condition temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ). (See Chapter 5.) Other TMJ signs may include ringing or pain in the ears, sensitive teeth, jaw locking, and pain. Clicking can also signal that your teeth are misaligned (malocclusion). Not surprisingly, if you've been whacked in the face, you could wind up with a jaw that clicks.
STIFF JAW
SIGN OF THE TIMES
JPT^. | Benjamin H. Natelson, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Over the three years of the study, fifteen women developed temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD); of these, half had the genotype for increased pain. Yes, this is a small number, but the results will encourage further research—again with the goal of replicating this result. Nonetheless, this result suggests that genetic factors play an important role in the development of this regional pain syndrome. My guess is that the same genetic sensitivity will be shown to be important in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as well as in FM. | Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts | TMJ
Decreased temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tenderness, fewer TMJ sounds, and fewer over-the-counter analgesics resulted with supplementation of glucosamine and chondroitin. In a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients received 750 mg of glucosamine HC1 and 600 mg of chondroitin sulfate twice daily (n=23) or placebo (n=22). | Benjamin H. Natelson, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Look for lists of such evidence when you evaluate the Web site of a company selling a nutraceutical for CFS, FM, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), and the like. Be sure that the list includes reports in scientific journals and not just reports at medical meetings. These latter have not received the careful, independent scrutiny of papers published in the scientific or medical literature. If the company Web site lists no studies or only a few reports at medical or scientific meetings, be skeptical about the company's claims. | Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts | Chondroitin has demonstrated some efficacy in small clinical trials for treating dry eyes, interstitial cystitis, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder.
Other Names: CDS, chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C, chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, CSA, CSC, and galactosaminoglucuronoglycan sulfate actions and pharmacology
EFFECTS
Chondroitin sulfate has protective effects on cartilage as well as viscoelastic effects. Preliminary evidence suggests it may also have antilipidemic, anticoagulant, and antithrombogenic properties. | Benjamin H. Natelson, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Originally the syndrome was called temporomandibular joint disorder, but researchers learned that quite a few patients with pain in or around their TM joint had pain in the muscles and not in the joint itself. The diagnosis requires the report of spontaneous or chewing-induced pain in the face, mouth, or ears plus tenderness in at least three different muscles with 3 pounds of pressure by the examiner.
My colleague Dr. Karen Raphael has done an epidemiological study of the overlap between FM and TMD. | Brigitte Mars, A.H.G. See book keywords and concepts | Oil infused from the fresh plant is a beautiful shade of red and is used to treat back pain, bruises, burns, hemorrhoids, herpes, insect bites, nerve pain, perineal tears, stomach cramps, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), swellings, sunburn, tumors, ulcers, varicose veins, and wounds. The oil or a liniment prepared from the plant can be rubbed onto the spinal cord in treatments for arthritis, electric shock, hysteria, lumbago, neuralgia, paralysis, rheumatism, and sciatica.
As a flower essence, St. | Joan Liebmann-Smith, Ph. D., and Jacqueline Nardi Egan See book keywords and concepts | And grinding or clenching teeth, whether awake or asleep, can often lead to jaw problems, such as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ). (See Chapter 6.)
SPEAKING OF SIGNS
Hof things, sharp things, sweet things, cold things—all rot the teeth, and make them look like old things.
—Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard's Almanac
SIGNING OFF
Many different specialists can evaluate and treat disorders and diseases of the lips and mouth. Which one you discuss your problem with depends on the location and type of sign you have. | Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac. See book keywords and concepts | Teeth-grinding may also be the result of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome. Dentists often prescribe a mouth guard; although it doesn't eliminate the grinding instinct, it does protect the teeth from damage.
Bed-Wetting
Clinically known as sleep enuresis, bed-wetting is a common occurrence in toddlers and is only recognized as a disorder after the age of 5. It is estimated that 3% of youths between the ages of 12 and 18 suffer from chronic sleep enuresis. | David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes See book keywords and concepts | It is used orally and topically (the topical preparation is known as hypericum oil) for people with Bell's palsy (paralysis of the facial nerve), trigeminal neuralgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, head trauma injuries, vulvodynia (vaginal pain), peripheral nerve pain, phantom limb pain, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and injuries to tissue that contains a profusion of nerves, such as the fingers, spine, nipples, or genitalia. Hypericum oil also is used topically for people with first-degree burns, painful bruises, muscle tears, insect bites, shingles, and painful puncture wounds.
St. | Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts | There are a number of common misdiagnoses of headache, including sinus pain, allergies, and temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ). What many people think are sinus headaches are really migraines. Sinus infections can cause brief, intense bouts of head pain, but recurring headaches are more likely to be tension headaches, migraines, or cluster headaches. Facial pain, pain in the temples, or pain above the ear is sometimes diagnosed as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) headache, caused by the joint of the jawbone being out of alignment. | Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac. See book keywords and concepts | A Physician's Guide to Therapeutic Massage, massage can benefit such conditions as muscle spasm and pain, spinal curvatures, soreness related to injury and stress, headaches, whiplash, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome, and tension-related respiratory disorders such as bronchial asthma or emphysema. Massage can also help reduce swelling, correct posture, improve body motion, and facilitate the elimination of toxins from the body.12 Lymphatic massage, for example, can move metabolic waste through the body to promote rapid recovery from illness or disease. | Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts | Common causes of headache include stress; tension; anxiety; allergies; constipation; coffee consumption; eyestrain; hunger; sinus pressure; muscle tension; hormonal imbalances; temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome; trauma to the head; nutritional deficiencies; the use of alcohol, drugs, or tobacco; fever; and exposure to irritants such as pollution, perfume, or aftershave lotions. (See Types of Headaches on page 458.) Migraines result from a disturbance in the blood circulation in the head. (See migraine in Part Two. | Joan Liebmann-Smith, Ph. D., and Jacqueline Nardi Egan See book keywords and concepts | TMJ), and cholesteatomas. (See Watery
Ear Discharge, above.) Clogged ears can also be a sign of Meniere's disease, an inner ear disorder that can cause periodic bouts of dizziness, hearing loss, and ringing in the ears. It can also signal otosclerosis, a degenerative disease that affects bone in the middle ear. (See Gradual Hearing Loss, below.)
RINGING IN YOUR EARS
SIGN OF THE TIMES
Do you hear music and there's no one there? If so, you may be experiencing a sign of tinnitus, a condition in which you "hear" ringing or other sounds that aren't really there. | James F. Balch, M.D. and Mark Stengler, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Get checked for temporomandibular joint problems, which can be a cause of tension or migraine headaches.
REFERENCES
Peikert, A., C. Wilimzig, and R. Kohne-Volland. 1996. Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: Results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 16:257-63.
Schoenen, J., J. Jacquy, and M. Lenaerts. 1998. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 50:466-70.
Schoenen, J., M. Lenaerts, and E. Bastings. 1994. | John E. Sarno, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | They often come in believing they have and should be diagnosed with arthritis, disk disease, tendinitis, bursitis, sciatica, rotator cuff tear, ili-otibial band syndrome, migraine headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), plantar fasciitis, temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ), or fibromyalgia, to name a few. Often, they believe that their work is to blame. Other times, they believe they have an "old injury" that never healed or that they have simply "worn out. | Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts | Long-term tooth-grinding can cause temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome. This usually occurs in the muscles, joints, and discs of the jaw, and may cause pain while chewing. (See tmj syndrome in Part Two.)
Bruxism can develop if the teeth are sensitive to heat and cold. Stress, allergies, and nutrient deficiencies are often the cause of tooth-grinding, which can also involve blood sugar levels.
NUTRIENTS
SUPPLEMENT SUGGESTED DOSAGE COMMENTS
Essential
Calcium
and magnesium
1,500-2,000 mg daily. 750 mg daily.
Deficiencies have been linked to tooth-grinding. | | Facial pain, pain in the temples, or pain above the ear is sometimes diagnosed as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) headache, caused by the joint of the jawbone being out of alignment. But this too may actually be one of the common types of headache, which may be triggered or aggravated by the joint.
Q Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause headache, in addition to nausea, vomiting, and neurological problems. Some 200 Americans die each year, and another 10,000 are treated in emergency rooms, for carbon monoxide exposure from leaking furnaces, gas ranges, and water heaters. | | Drug use, smoking, trauma, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome may be involved as well.
Meniere's disease usually affects adults (men more often than women) between the ages of thirty and sixty. For many individuals, Meniere's disease is an unpredictable disorder and the attacks only occur occasionally; for others is it severe and can cause complete deafness and repeated, debilitating vertigo.
Unless otherwise specified, the dosages recommended here are for adults. For children between the ages of twelve and seventeen, reduce the dose to three-quarters of the recommended amount. | James F. Balch, M.D. and Mark Stengler, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Irritable bowel syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, palpitations, and temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ) may also be present.
As with CFS, there is currently no one agreed-upon cause for this disease. In most cases, many factors combine to produce the varied components of fibromyalgia. Disordered sleep is a very common problem with this condition. The length and the quality of sleep must be improved for long-term success in most cases of fibromyalgia. Also, hormone imbalance is quite common. | Phyllis A. Balch, CNC See book keywords and concepts | This causes the bones of the temporomandibular joint to rub against one another, rather than gliding smoothly past each other. In some instances, a misalignment of the jaw and teeth prevents smooth operation of the joint.
The most common underlying causes of TMJ syndrome are stress and a poor bite, together with clenching and grinding of the teeth (bruxism), especially at night. TMJ syndrome can also be caused by bad posture, habits such as cradling the telephone between the shoulder and jaw, repeated or hard blows to the jaw or chin, or whiplash. | Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D. See book keywords and concepts | One preliminary trial found that the combination of glucosamine HC1 (1,600 mg per day), CS (1,200 mg per day), and calcium ascorbate (1,000 mg per day) was effective at reducing joint noise, pain (page 338), and swelling in people with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ, or jaw joint).5 However, this study was not well controlled and the outcomes measured were highly subjective. Moreover, participants in this study were allowed to use aspirin and ibuprofen, so the exact effects of the nutrient combination cannot be accurately assessed. | Neal Barnard, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT PAIN
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is where your lower jaw attaches just in front of your ear. It has an enormous job to do, supporting the stresses of biting and grinding the food we eat, with hundreds of forceful movements every day. However, with well-aligned teeth and no unusual trauma, these joints are usually pretty resilient.
However, one out of every three or four people develops TMJ symptoms: reduced range of motion, difficulty closing the jaw properly, pain, and tenderness to the touch.
The usual cause is trauma, e.g. | the Editors of PREVENTION Magazine Health Books See book keywords and concepts | We also know that the joint we laypeople call the jaw is referred to by doctors as the temporomandibular joint. When it isn't working right, doctors say you have temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD or TMJ). From there, though, certainty fades amid assorted and often contradictory claims about the most common causes of jaw problems.
TMD "is the most vague area in dentistry," says Van B. Haywood, D.M.D., an associate professor in the Department of Operative Dentistry at the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry in Chapel Hill. "Causes and effects can be very confusing. | The Life Extension Editorial Staff See book keywords and concepts | One study on the use of amitriptyline in people with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and MFS seemed to show that the beneficial effects of these pain treatments reduced ovet time, but the muscular pain was still manageable more than 1 year after treatment (Plesh et al. 2000). Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant drug with many side effects that preclude long-tetm use in most people.
For refractive cases of MFS, a homeopathic solution of traumeel and/or a mild narcotic called buprinorphine injected into the trigger point(s) may be employed. Dt. | | Additionally, approximately 49% of patients with fibromyalgia were found to have IBS, as well as 51% of chronic fatigue syndrome patients; 50% of patients with chronic pelvic pain; and 64% of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, according to special reports assembled by Whitehead et al. (2002). Clinical observation of these patients has found that worsening of IBS symptoms is correlated with an exacerbation of the psychiatric disorder. | | Headaches may be caused by associated tenderness in the neck and shoulder areas or in soft tissue around the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding muscles (Aaron et al. 2000).
• Abdominal discomfort. Irritable bowel syndrome including symptoms such as digestive disturbances, abdominal pain and bloating, constipation, and diarrhea may be present. These symptoms may also be caused by "leaky gut" syndrome or the lack of pancreatic enzymes in the digestive system (Aaron et al. 2000).
• Irritable bladder. An increase in urinary frequency and a greatet urgency to urinate may be present. | Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
Some researchers and clinicians have claimed that a substantial portion of headaches diagnosed as classic or common migraine are in reality the symptoms of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)—the jaw joint. However, a careful investigation found that the incidence of migraine in patients with TMJ is similar to that in the general population, while the incidence of headache due to muscle tension is much higher. |
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