David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes
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 The most popular model over time has been hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome (sometimes referred to as biological stress syndrome). There is also the homeostasis/allostasis concept originated by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer and later expanded by Bruce McEwen. Both of these models will be discussed.
Modern research on stress began during the 1930s with work that was carried out by hans Selye, a Canadian professor who is acknowledged internationally as the "father of stress research." Selye defined stress as "the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. |
Anne Harrington
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 Of rats and men: hans Selye and the laboratory invention of "stress"
Cannon understood his research to be about the physiological basis and clinical effects of strong emotional experiences, but he did not use the word "stress," certainly not in the way we have come to use it today. It fell to hans Selye to do that, and in so doing to transform Cannon's concepts of homeostasis and fight or flight into something new, something that involved emotion, to be sure, but that was not completely defined by it. |
Lester A. Mitscher and Victoria Toews
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 Danish physician, hans C. J. Gram.
Gram-positive bacteria. A class of bacteria, including the bacterium that causes botulism, that stain blue in a laboratory diagnostic procedure that was developed by Danish physician, hans C. J. Gram.
Granulocyte. A type of white blood cell.
HDL-cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol that transports fats in the blood for removal. Within recommended limits for blood cholesterol overall, a high level of HDL-cholesterol relative to LDL-cholesterol is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.
Heart attack. |
David R. Montgomery
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 In 1941 UC Berkeley professor hans Jenny proposed that the character of a soil reflected topography, climate, and biology superimposed on the local geology that provides raw materials from which soil comes. Jenny identified five key factors governing soil formation: parent material (rocks), climate, organisms, topography, and time.
The geology of a region controls the kind of soil produced when rocks break down, as they eventually must when exposed at the earth's surface. Granite decomposes into sandy soils. Basalt makes clay-rich soils. |
Devra Davis
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 By 1920 hans Hinselmann had invented a simple device called a colposcope, basically a low-power microscope on a flexible stick, that could magnify the surface of the cervix. Recognizing the ability to diagnose cancer visually, a group of gynecologists formed the American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC) in 1913.They had one simple aim: to persuade physicians to learn how to look at the cervix and persuade women to allow regular exams.
It never has been easy to get women to take their clothes off and lie on their backs with their legs spread apart and their feet in cold metal stirrups. |
Bill Sardi
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 Hans Nieper of Germany later endorsed laetrile B17 for prevention of cancer, but not as therapy for existing tumors.
One secret of the laetrile B17 cancer therapy is the described ability of an enzyme called glucuronidase to liberate cyanide from its carrier molecules and deliver it to tumor sites. Glucuronidase is more abundant where inflammation, infection and tumors occur. Therefore, the carrier molecules (nitrilosides) render laetrile B17 relatively harmless until it is unzipped by glucuronidase. When removed from its carrier, cyanide is delivered at the right place, at the right time. |
Devra Davis
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| During a talk by the radiologist and SS officer hans Holfelder at Frankfurt, Doll recalled that a slide was shown in which "storm trooper x-rays" attacked "Jewish cancer cells."61 Other images equating political radicals, Gypsies and Jews with cancer or tobacco regularly appeared in German newspapers and magazines at the time. Muller's work, however, was notable for an absence of such rhetoric and for referring positively to earlier work by Jewish scientists.62
Doll's visit to Germany would later cause controversy. |
J. Douglas Bremner
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 The Gram staining method, named after the Danish bacteriologist who originally devised it in 1882, hans Christian Gram, is one of the most important staining techniques in microbiology. It is almost always the first test used to identify bacteria. The primary color stain of Grams method is crystal violet. The microorganisms that retain the crystal violet-iodine complex appear purple-brown under microscopic examination (gram-positive). Those that are not stained by crystal violet are referred to as gram-negative and appear red. |
Devra Davis
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| Hans Reiter, formally declared that the master race must remain free from environmental damage and from inferior genetic material carried by Gypsies, homosexuals, socialists, Jews and communists. Reiter's personal contribution to bringing about a stronger nation was to sterilize hundreds of those judged enfeebled, criminally insane, tubercular, alcoholic, drug addicted, or psychiatrically or politically undesirable.
Germany did not adopt these broad eugenics policies based merely on the rantings of a solitary, insane, grief-maddened politician. |
Charles Barber
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 All sciences have to pass through an ordeal by quackery," wrote the psychologist hans Eysenck. "Chemistry had to slough off the fetters of alchemy. The brain sciences had to disengage themselves from the tenets of phrenology . . . Psychology and psychiatry too will have to abandon the pseudo-science of psychoanalysis . . . and undertake the arduous task of transforming their disciplines into a genuine science."57 "Psychology itself is dead," writes Michael Gaz-zaniga, director of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at Dartmouth, in The Minds Past. |
Lester A. Mitscher and Victoria Toews
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| A class of bacteria, including the bacterium that causes botulism, that stain blue in a laboratory diagnostic procedure that was developed by Danish physician, hans C. J. Gram.
Granulocyte. A type of white blood cell.
HDL-cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol that transports fats in the blood for removal. Within recommended limits for blood cholesterol overall, a high level of HDL-cholesterol relative to LDL-cholesterol is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.
Heart attack. |
| These classes, which differ in the structure and composition of the bacterial cell membrane, are classified by the colors they retain when treated with a sequence of dyes in a laboratory procedure developed by hans C. J. Gram, a Danish physician. To determine how tea polyphenols act as anti-bacterial agents, Japanese scientists from Tokai University School of Medicine studied the effects of polyphenols on Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria. |
Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD
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 To illustrate, Dr hans Selye used death rates to quantify stress in animal experiments. If it killed as many as 10% of those animals involved, then stress was considered to have been very severe. Yet more than 90% of the prisoners in Europe's concentration camps were killed and up to 50% of soldiers captured and held prisoner in Japanese POW camps also died.
The effects of this stress-malnutrition combination did not end upon release. Its subsequent impacts were obvious on the aging process.8 |
Sophie D. Coe and Michael D. Coe
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 As far as we know, the first person to combine milk with chocolate was the Englishman Nicholas Sanders;18 in 1727, he produced a drink with these ingredients for Sir hans Sloane, then first surgeon to George II, but better known as the founder of the British Museum and for the London street and square named after him. This was not CHOCOLAT AU IAIT really "milk chocolate" as we know it, , , ,,
Milk chocolate, advertised here in the 1930s, was but a drink made of chocolate liquor a Swiss invention of 1879. Swiss chocolate and hot milk. manufacture began with F.L. Cailler in 1819. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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 The panel was made up of experts in behavior, pain and sleep medicine, nursing,
The Fight-or-Flight Response
Pioneering stress researcher hans Selye, MD, a Canadian physiologist, noted a consistent pattern of response to stress and termed these the general adaptation syndrome, commonly referred to as the fight-or-flight response. This response occurs in three stages: the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.
Initially, the body's biochemistry tends to react to stress in an orderly fashion. |
Bottom Line Health
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| Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy had no effect on the progression from episodic to persistent wheezing, and no short-term benefit during episodes of wheezing in the first three years of life," says study author Dr. hans Bisgaard, a professor of pediatrics at Copenhagen University Hospital and head of the Danish Pediatric Asthma Centre.
Bisgaard says he was very surprised by the results and adds, "The findings may serve as a warning to treatment practices extrapolated from adult studies, and it emphasizes the need to provide evidence on medicine in children. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
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| Mind-Body Therapies for Better Sleep
According to hans Selye, MD, whether a person experiences stress as a positive motivational force or as a negative detrimental one depends on their perception of the stress.10 People who perceive that they are in control of their lives (referred to as an inner locus of control) and generally feel good about themselves will use life's stressors in a positive fashion. However, those who feel that their life circumstances are controlled by outside forces and other people (outer locus of control) tend to react negatively to stress. |
Michael Friedman, ND
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 Adrenal Gland Dysfunction
Adrenal gland dysfunction is typically related to a mal-adaption to stress, as first reported by hans Selye in the general adaptation syndrome theory (GAS).
THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (GAS)
In order to develop a general theory for the physiological response of humans and animals to stress, hans Selye, former director of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the University of Montreal, performed an integrated analysis of the effects of stress on adrenal gland function. He called his model of stress adaptation the General Adaptation Syndrome or GAS. |
Dr. Edward F. Group III, DC, ND, DACBN
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| Important Facts about the Toxic Effects of Microwaves
1. Drs. hans Ulrich Hertel and Dr. Bernard H. Blanc performed a clinical study, which first appeared in the journal Franz Weber, showing the degenerative forces of microwave ovens. It was concluded that microwave cooking changed the nutrients in the food, leading to changes in the consumer's blood that could damage bodily systems.
2. In the December 9, 1 989 Lancet, Dr. Lita Lee reported that microwave warming of some baby formulas transforms certain trans-amino acids into synthetic substances such as trans-fats. |
Michael J. Panzner
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 Much like the child watching the royal parade in hans Christian Anderson's tale "The Emperor's New Clothes," they will be bewildered by the starkness of businesses lacking any real substance.
Numerous banks and financial institutions will be revealed as having been thoroughly mismanaged and looted to an astonishing degree. Many others will remain barely afloat amid the fallout from an unwinding credit bubble and decades of excess, as hordes of struggling debtors stop making payments or simply hand over what they "owned. |
Jeffrey M. Smith
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 Finally, promoting genetic engineering as a solution to world hunger diverts much needed research dollars into expensive GMO development and away from more appropriate technologies. hans Herren, director of the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology in Nairobi, says, "What Africa most needs is investment in 'soft' biotechnologies such as alternative natural pesticides."22
Miguel A. Altieri "Agricultural biotechnology innovations (i.e., Bt crops and herbicide resistant crops) are profit-driven rather than need-driven. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 Ernest Witebsky was a student of hans Sachs, who, in turn, had been one of Paul Ehrlich's principal proteges. Witebsky was the inheritor of the Ehrlich mantle and was universally recognized as a vigorous champion of the horror autotoxicus theory.
Assigned one part-time assistant and a ten-by-ten office that also served as his lab, Rose set to work. At Witebsky's request, Rose was seeking to prepare a pure form of thyroglobulin, the major protein of the thyroid gland, in a natural, unadulterated form for use in other experiments Witebsky was busy conducting at the time. |
Anne Harrington
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| Significantly, however, Cousins claimed to have taken as his starting point for his alternative treatment, not the works of Mary Baker Eddy or Norman Vincent Peale, but the laboratory research of scientists such as endocrinologist hans Selye and physiologist Walter B. Cannon on "the negative effects of the negative emotions on body chemistry." Reviewing the findings of these men, Cousins put it to the readers of NEJM that they might have told only half the story:
What about the positive emotions? |
Paul D. Blanc, M.D.
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 On 7 February 1939, in the speech "Industrial Hygiene and the Four-Year Plan," Professor Dr. hans Reiter, president of the Reich Health Office, included rayon staple production as a specific example of a key production method.62 Such methods were needed, he emphasized, to produce substitutes for the raw materials that were denied the Fathetland because of its limited domestic natural resources. |
Anne Harrington
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| His teachers there had been very concerned that he learn to distinguish one disease from another, but he had been more struck by the fact that all of the patients he was asked to examine actually pre- hans Selye (1907-1982), photo-sented similar stereotypical symp- graphed ca. 1962. © Bettmann/'Corbis toms, especially early on; they were all weak and listless, with similar facial expressions. At the time, he had called this "the syndrome of just being sick," and he asked his professors whether he might make this a special object of study. |
| It fell to hans Selye to do that, and in so doing to transform Cannon's concepts of homeostasis and fight or flight into something new, something that involved emotion, to be sure, but that was not completely defined by it.
Selye was a Czech physician and biochemist, trained in Prague, who fled the Nazis in the early 1930s and finally found work in the Department of Endocrinology at the University of Montreal. His first position was as an assistant to the endocrinologist James B. |
| Cannon, the second the Czech-born endocrinologist hans Selye, who was a professor at the University of Montreal. In contrast to Beard, neither of these men was primarily a clinician. First and foremost, they were experimental physiologists. In other words, stress first came into our lives, not as a disease, not as a human experience, but as a discovery in the laboratory.
The relevant history here begins with Cannon. |
Dr. Abram Hoffer, MD, FRCP (C) and Dr. Harold D. Foster, PhD
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| General Adaptation Syndrome
Dr hans Selye identified stress as a threat to the well-being of any organism.2'3 This threat can be psychological or physical or both. The body
122 reacts to both in the same way. According to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, there are three stress-related phases:
• Alarm phase: This occurs at the first encounter. Stress hormones are poured into the body.
• Adaptation phase: The body has apparently adapted to this stressor and appears to have been successful in so doing, but draws heavily upon its resources to maintain this steady state. |
Dr. Timothy Scott
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 Boekman in Mary Mapes Dodge's hans Brinker or The Silver Skates as he shares with his assistant his opinion concerning Hans's father, Raff Brinker, who had suffered a head injury. In the preface to her story published in 1865 Dodge tells us that "the story of Raff Brinker is founded strictly upon fact."66 Since the beginning of time (long before Celsus) head injuries have been known to lead sometimes to coma and death, sometimes to loss of speech, sometimes to "stupidity" or "idiocy," and sometimes to personality change. It was this awareness that opened the door to modern psychosurgery. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 Kurt Donsbach's nutritional products and Dr. hans Neiper's German-made health products.
The 1963 Church of Scientology raid
In the early 1960s, the FDA got word of something it didn't like: The Church of Scientology was helping its members overcome mental problems with the use of a simple biofeedback device called the E-meter. With the market for psychotropic drugs so consistently profitable, and with Scientology gaining momentum in helping millions of people overcome severe emotional and mental problems, this E-meter had to be taken out of play… and fast! |
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