Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts |  Production: buckthorn, consists of the dried ripe berries of Rhamni catharticus and its preparations. buckthorn is harvested in uncultivated regions in autumn and dried.
Not to be Confused With: May be confused with the fruit of Frangula alnus. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | DOSAGE
Mode of Administration: buckthorn is not used as a drug in German-speaking countries. It is found as an extract constituent in various Vitamin C concentrates and juices.
Daily Dosage: The recommended daily dose is 5 to 10 gm of one of the buckthorn products.
LITERATURE
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969. | | Production: buckthorn bark consists of the dried bark of the trunks and branches of Rhamnus frangula.
Other Names: Alder buckthorn, Frangula Bark, Black Alder, Dog Wood, Arrow Wood, Persian Berries, Alder Dogwood
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Anthracene derivatives: chief components glucofrangulin A, glucofrangulin A-diacetate (estered at rhamnose remainder), additionally frangulin A, frangulin C
Naphthaquinone derivatives
Peptide alkaloids (traces): including frangulanin
EFFECTS
1,8-dihydroxy-anthracene derivatives have a laxative effect. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts | | Other Names: Hartsthorn, Common buckthorn, Purging buckthorn, Waythorn, Highwaythorn, Ramsthorn actions and pharmacology
COMPOUNDS
Anthracene derivatives (2 to 7%): anthranoids, chief components glucofrangulin A, diacetylglucofrangulin, frangulin A
Flavonoids (1 to 2%): including catharticin (rhamnocitrin-3-O-rhamnoside), xanthorhamnine (rhamnetin-3-O-rhamnoside)
Tannins (3 to 4%): oligomeric proanthocyanidins
EFFECTS
The drug has a laxative effect because of the anthranoid content. | | Production: buckthorn, consists of the dried ripe berries of Rhamni catharticus and its preparations. buckthorn is harvested in uncultivated regions in autumn and dried.
Not to be Confused With: May be confused with the fruit of Frangula alnus. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
See book keywords and concepts |  Sea buckthorn can also be used to prevent sunburn and radiation burns; Russian cosmonauts, for example, have used this herb to protect their skin against radiation burns when in outer space.
Sea buckthorn is also sometimes added to hair products to prevent baldness and stimulate hair growth.
Edible Uses
The berries can be eaten raw, though they are very acidic and taste better when sweetened or when harvested after a frost, which decreases their astrin-gency. They are seven times higher in vitamin C than lemons. Other parts of the plant are not generally considered edible. | | Also Known As
English: bearwood, bitterbark, buckthorn, chittambark, coffeeberry, mountain cranberry, persiana, sacred bark
German: amerikanische faulbaumrinde
Russian: joster, krushina
Part Used
Bark (dried and aged) Physiological Effects
Alterative, astringent, bitter tonic, cathartic, chola-gogue, digestive, emetic, hepatic, laxative, nervine, purgative, stomachic, tonic
Medicinal Uses
Casacara sagrada promotes bowel action, moves stagnation, clears heat, cleanses the liver and gallbladder, and stimulates bile flow. | | R. purshiana
Family
Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn Family)
Cardamom was a favored ingredient in ancient love potions. The seed is sometimes added to smoking blends. In Arabic cultures, serving cardamom to a guest is a sign of hospitality. The seed is also a great breath freshener; people chew it after drinking alcohol or garlic to conceal their indulgence. The essential oil of cardamom is used to scent perfume and massage oils and as an insect repellent. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts | | Homeopathic Dosage: from D3: 5 drops, 1 tablet, or 10 globules every 30 to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to 3 times daily (chronic); parenterally: 1 to 2 ml sc acute: 3 times daily; chronic: once a day (HAB1)
Storage: buckthorn should be protected from light. literature
Anonym, Abwehr von Arzneimittelrisiken, Stufe II. In: DAZ 136(38):3253-2354. 1996.
Anonym, Anwendungseinschrankungen fiir Anthranoid-haltige Abfuhrmittel angeordnet. In: PUZ 25(6):341-342. 1996.
BGA, Arzneimittelrisiken: Anthranoide. In: DAZ 132(21):1164. 1992.
Belkin M et al., (1952) J Nat Cancer Inst 13:742.
Coskun M. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
See book keywords and concepts | | The name has also been interpreted to mean "giving light to a horse," in reference to the plant's supposed power to cure equine blindness, or "shining underneath," in reference to the silvery undersides of the leaves.
Sea buckthorn was said to have been the preferred food of Pegasus, the flying horse of Greek mythology. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts | | Daily Dosage: The recommended daily dose is 5 to 10 g of one of the buckthorn products. literature
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Sedum acre
See Common Stonecrop
Selenicereus grandiflorus
See Night-Blooming Cereus
Self-Heal
Prunella vulgaris description
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part is the whole flowering plant.
Flower and Fruit: The blue-violet or brownish-blue labiate flowers are clustered in semi-whorls at the end of stems and lateral branches. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
See book keywords and concepts | | Other Uses
Sea buckthorn has an extensive root system and is often planted to help prevent soil erosion and to repair areas that have been damaged by mining. The berries yield a yellow dye, while the young leaves and shoots yield a blackish brown dye. Its wood is durable and is useful as fuel and for making charcoal. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts | | Mode of Administration: buckthorn is available in solid pharmaceutical forms and in commercial compounded preparations for oral intake. It is also available parenterally for homeopathic use.
Preparation: To prepare a tea, pour boiling water over 2 gm cut drug and strain after 10 to 15 minutes or put the drug in cold water, bring to boil, boil for 2 to 3 minutes and strain while still warm.
Daily Dosage: 2 to 5 gm drug corresponding to 20 to 30 mg hydroxyanthracene derivative per day calculated as glucof-rangulin A
Tea - 1 cup mornings and evenings. |
Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and children under the age of 12 should not use buckthorn without the advice of a physician, Those with an intestinal obstruction, Crohn's disease (page 141) or any other acute inflammatory problem in the intestines, diarrhea (page 163), appendicitis, or abdominal pain should not use this herb.6 Use or abuse of buckthorn for more than ten days consecutively may cause a loss of electrolytes (especially the mineral potassium) or may weaken the colon. Long-term use can also cause kidney damage. | | Other stimulant laxatives include buckthorn (page 646), alder buckthorn (page 622) (Rhamnus frangula), and rhubarb (Rheum officinale, R. palmatum).
The unprocessed roots of fo-ti (page 678) possess a mild laxative effect. The bitter compounds in dandelion (page 666) leaves and root ate also mild laxatives.
Are there any side effects or interactions?
Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions.
Holistic approaches that may be helpful
Anecdotal reports have claimed that acupuncture is beneficial in the treatment of constipation. |
Bill Sardi
See book keywords and concepts |  It consists of red clover, licorice, burdock root, stillingia root, Berberis root, pokeroot, cascara, prickly ash bar and buckthorn bark plus potassium iodide, but the actual formula varies from patient to patient. Hoxsey therapy should be abandoned for more authoritative herbal remedies. Recall, Hoxsey was working with limited tools and only had limited number of herbs to use.
Hydrazine sulfate
Developed in the 1970s by Joseph Gold MD to treat weight loss that accompanies advanced cancer. The sulfur component of this cancer medicine yielded some benefit. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
See book keywords and concepts | | Range and Appearance
Sea buckthorn is native to Asia and Europe and is usually found along seashores in sandy soil and full sun, often forming dense thickets. It is a thorny deciduous shrub usually between 3 and 10 feet tall and is covered with silvery brown scales. The trunk and branches are light brown. The deciduous leaves are lanceolate and narrow. The flowers are green and appear before the leaves. Orangish yellow berries appear after the flowers and remain on the shrubs throughout the winter, providing food for many animals. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Other Names: Purshiana Bark, Sagrada Bark, Sacred Bark, Bitter Bark, Yellow Bark, Dogwood Bark, California buckthorn, Chittem Bark
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Anthracene derivatives (8-10%): chief components cascaro-sides A and B (stereoisomeric aloin-8-glucosides), C and D (stereoisomeric ll-deoxy-aloin-8-glucosides), E and F (C-glucosyl-emodin-anthron-8-glucosides), further including among others aloin, 11-deoxyaloin
EFFECTS
1,8-dihydroxy-anthracene derivatives have a laxative effect. | | Other Names: Alder buckthorn, Frangula Bark, Black Alder, Dog Wood, Arrow Wood, Persian Berries, Alder Dogwood
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Anthracene derivatives: chief components glucofrangulin A, glucofrangulin A-diacetate (estered at rhamnose remainder), additionally frangulin A, frangulin C
Naphthaquinone derivatives
Peptide alkaloids (traces): including frangulanin
EFFECTS
1,8-dihydroxy-anthracene derivatives have a laxative effect. These compounds increase the motility of the colon by inhibiting stationary and stimulating propulsive contractions. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Ginger is safe to use at any time during pregnancy and is a welcome alternative to some of the antinausea pharmaceu-
Herbs Contraindicated During Pregnancy
The following herbs should not be taken during pregnancy:
Alder buckthorn (Rhamnus franguLa) Aloe (Aloe vera)
Angelica (Angelica archangelica) Arnica (Arnica montana) Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) Bethroot (Trillium spp. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Production: buckthorn consists of the dried ripe berries of Rhamni catharticus.
Not To Be Confused With: The fruit of Frangula alnus.
Other Names: Waythom, Highwaythorn, Hartshorn, Ramsthorn
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
COMPOUNDS
Anthracene derivatives (2-7%): chief components are glu-cofrangulin A, diacetylglucofrangulin, frangulin A
Tannins (3-4%): oligomeric proanthocyanidins
Flavonoids (1-2%): including, among others, catharticin (rhamnocitrin-3-rhamnoside), xanthorhamnine (rhamnetin-3-rhamnoside)
EFFECTS
1.8-dihydroxyanthracine derivatives have a laxative effect. |
Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson
See book keywords and concepts |  Rhamnus frangula (glossy buckthorn, frangula) has a milder action than R. catharticus (R. cathartica, European buckthorn) and the berries are used in veterinary medicine. (The fruit also yields a dye, the colour of which depends partly on the ripeness.) The bark of R. purshiana Cascara sagrada (American buckthorn) is the other main species used medicinally.
R. frangula is a densely foliated, thornless bush or tree, reaching a height of 1-7 m. It is common in damp environ-
Constituents
R. frangula. Glucofrangulin A (Fig. 13.4 |
Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
See book keywords and concepts |  Total-Body Basic Cleanse Ingredients
Morning Formula artichoke blessed thistle burdock root dandelion echinacea fenugreek garlic green tea hawthorn berry horsetail kelp milkthistle mullein nettle oatstraw oregano parsley red clover turmeric wormwood yarrow yellow dock
Evening Formula buckthorn flaxseed marshmallow* rhubarb slippery elm triphala"
Total-Body Advanced Cleanse
The ideal advanced cleanse would be a blend of herbs and minerals formulated for deep total-body cleansing. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Daily Dosage: The recommended daily dose is 5 to 10 gm of one of the buckthorn products.
LITERATURE
Kern W, List PH, Horhammer L (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 4. Aufl., Bde. 1-8, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1969.
Holly
See Ilex Aquifolium
Hollyhock
See Alcea Rosea
Honeysuckle
See Lonicera Caprifolium
Hops
See Humulus Lupulus
Hordeum Distychum
Barley
DESCRIPTION
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part is the grain.
Flower and Fruit: The spike is 7 to 15 cm long. |
David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG
See book keywords and concepts |  Rhamnus cathartica (purging buckthorn) R. frangula (buckthorn) R. pursbiana (cascara sagrada) Rheum spp. (Chinese rhubarb) Senna alexandrina (senna)
Aloe-emodin
Aloe-emodin is found in the leaves of Aloe, Senna, and some Rheum species. In addition to its well-known cathartic action, aloe-emodin has demonstrated antileukemic activities.28 oh o oh
Fig. 7.33. Aloe-emodin Fig. 7..'4. Barbaloin
Barbaloin
This C-glucoside of aloe-emodin occurs in the leaves of several Aloe species cultivated as medicines, including A. vera, A. ferox and A. perryi. It is used commercially as a purgative. |
volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel
See book keywords and concepts |  Cascara bark, which is related to alder buckthorn bark, is obtained from Rhamnus purshianus, a tree resembling the buckthorn and native to the Pacific Northwest in North America. Cascara bark contains at least 8 % total anthranoids, approximately two-thirds of which are cascarosides. Preparations in the form of extracts and fluidex-tracts are used as ingredients in pharmaceutical products. Because of its disagreeable odor, the bark is not suitable for use in teas. | | Total anthranoids (%) Daily dose (g)
Rhubarb Senna leaf buckthorn berries Senna pods buckthorn bark Cascara Aloe
2-3 2-3 3-4 3-6 6-9 >8 20-40
1 1 1
0.5-1 0.5 0.5 0.1 anthrones, which are considered the true active principles. Most of the metabolites are excreted in the stool; a quantitatively undetermined fraction is absorbed and appears as glucuronide or sulfate conjugates in the urine, turning the urine a dark yellow or even red if there is a positive alkaline reaction. In nursing mothers, anthranoid metabolites can enter the milk and give it a brownish tinge. | | Cascara bark, which is related to alder buckthorn bark, is obtained from Rhamnus purshianus, a tree resembling the buckthorn and native to the Pacific Northwest in North America. Cascara bark contains at least 8 % total anthranoids, approximately two-thirds of which are cascarosides. Preparations in the form of extracts and fluidex-tracts are used as ingredients in pharmaceutical products. Because of its disagreeable odor, the bark is not suitable for use in teas. |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts |  It usually accomplishes this task widiout the miseries associated with laxatives. buckthorn bark (Rhamnus frangula) is also considered a laxative, having an energetic, evacuative effect and stimulating bile production from the liver. buckthorn is regarded as a bitter herb, capable of expelling impurities.
Ritchason (1995) regards echinacea (Echinacea augustifolia) as one of the premier alteratives, echinacea having been called the "King of Blood Purifiers. |
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