Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 Ingestion of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) reduces salicylate bioavailability after oral aspirin administration in the rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol Jun;77(6):441-6. 1999
Deal CL, Schnitzer TJ, Lipstein E et al. Treatment of arthritis with topical capsaicin: a double-blind trial. Clin Ther; 13(3):383-395. 1991
De Ridder D, Chandiramani V, Dasgupta P et al. Intravesical capsaicin as a treatment for refractory detrusor hyperreflexia: a dual-center study with long-term followup. J Urol; 158(6):2087-2092. 1997
Ebner C, Jensen-Jarolim E, Leitner A, Breiteneder H. |
Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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 While there have been many clinical studies using these preparations, there are very few published reports, in either human subjects or animal models, comparing the absorption or the bioavailability of the coenzyme Qio in these products.
There are many coenzyme Qi0 supplements available commercially, but they are not equally bioavailable. As a fat-soluble compound, coenzyme Q10 is poorly absorbed in water and follows the same pathway of intestinal absorption as other fats that are consumed. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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 The assessment of total dietary iron intake of athletes is not necessarily a good predictor of their iron status; the mixing and matching of foods at meals plays an important role by determining the bioavailability of dietary iron intake. For example, in two groups of female runners who reported similar intakes of total dietary iron, the group who reported regular intake of meat was estimated to have a greater intake of absorbable iron and showed higher iron status than a matched group of runners who were semi vegetarian. |
Wendy Bazilian, DRPH, MA, RD, Steven Pratt, MD, Kathy Matthews
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 Of course these results were in the laboratory: The author of the study urged caution in applying these results to humans because the bioavailability of the vitamin C would depend on a host of factors. But the finding is yet another compelling argument for the value of adding tea to your diet.
Orange Power
Oranges have long been one of the favorite SuperFoods. They're sweet and delicious, low in calories, high in fiber, and great traveling companions because they don't have to be washed before eating. |
Gary Null and Amy McDonald
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 You just don't get high bioavailability, where the tissue actually utilizes it. Generally, about 2,000 milligrams of the bioflavonoids would be sufficient.
Lecithin is crucial for helping the liver and brain functioning overall because of its choline inositol. Generally, people who consume even moderate amounts of alcohol have "lipotropic factors," fat buildup in their organs, including the liver. That adversely affects metabolism.
You should also look at niacin or niacinamide, if you want to prevent the flush. Milk thistle weed helps repair damage to the liver as does valerian root. |
Bill Sardi
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 NIH researchers incorrectly claim that at single doses of 500 milligrams and higher, bioavailability declines and the absorbed amount is excreted. Vitamin C supplements are ignored in favor of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables which can provide ~200 milligrams of vitamin C. NIH researchers claim that safe doses of vitamin C are below 1,000 mg daily, and that daily doses above 400 mg have no evident value. |
Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| In one clinical study, the estimated bioavailability was approximately 16 percent following a 2-gram dose of L-carnitine.
Let's look at the two of the most common carnitines that you'll find in a health food store, the fumarates and the tartrate. L-Carnitine Fumarate ( Specific form as manufactured by Sigma-tau, S.p.A., U.S. patent #4,602,039), one of the carnitine salts manufactured by BIOSINT S.p.A., appears to be absorbed slightly
Muscle Acyl & Total Carnitine
800 A m Pre ? |
| There can be vast differences in bioavailability between coenzyme Qio dosage forms, with the new water-miscible forms being most absorbed, followed by the oil-based forms. The dry forms are almost totally nonabsorbed by the intestine. Dosage form must be a principal consideration when reading the science or deciding on which coenzyme Qi0 supplement to choose.
The dosing level is also of critical importance. Dosing level must be decided in the context of form, that is, whether the coenzyme Qiq is delivered in water-miscible, oil-based, or dry form. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| Some aspects of the in vivo neuroprotective capacity of flavonoids: bioavailability and structure-activity relationship. Neurotox. Res. 6, 543-553.
190. Hong, J. T., Ryu, S. R., Kim, H. J., Lee, J. K., Lee, S. H, Kim, D. B., et al. (2000). Neuroprotective effect of green tea extract in experimental ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Brain Res. Bull. 53, 743-749.
191. Choi, Y. B., Kim, Y. I., Lee, K. S., Kim, B. S., and Kim, D. J. (2004). Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate on brain damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Brain Res. 1019, 47-54.
192. |
Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| In this study, bioavailability was measured by how quickly the coenzyme Qio was absorbed into the blood, and how blood levels were affected over the 144 hours following administration. Each subject in this test was given a single 180 mg dose of a test product, and blood levels were determined at set time intervals over the 144-hour test. After two weeks, another test product was given to the same individual, and then the third was administered two weeks later. |
Steven V. Joyal
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 Ubiquinol has a higher bioavailability compared to ubiquinone. Unpublished data.
Kapoor D et al. Androgens, insulin resistance and vascular disease in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005 Sep; 63(3):239-50.
Khan A et al. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003 Dec; 26(12):3215-18.
Kim MJ et al. Inhibitory effects of epicatechin on interleukin-1-beta-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase exptession in RINm5F cells and rat pancreatic islets by down-regulation of NF-kappaB activation. Biochem Pharmacol2004 Nov 1; 68(9): 1775-85.
Kono S et al. |
Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| Raj Chopra, develops the "Biosolv" process, allowing for greater bioavailability of supplemental CoQ10 in the body.
1997
CoQ10 hits textbooks of mainstream cardiology.
1997-2004
Continued research into role of CoQ10 in cardiovascular health and mitochondrial diseases.
2004
Canadian government places ubiquinone on statin labels as a precaution.
2005
Blood levels of CoQ10 much higher when taken twice daily compared to once-a-day dosing of same amount.
2006
Introduction of Ubiquinol QH?by Kaneka.
Photograph of Raj Chopra, Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D., and Fred Crane, Ph.D. |
James Dowd and Diane Stafford
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 We've seen no studies that suggest that tablets, capsules, liquid, and gel caps provide different levels of bioavailability.
The chart on page 54 shows a sampling of what's available. And one important caveat: you don't need to pay more than about $50 a year for your vitamin D supplements (of course, the cost depends on the size of your D dose). For links to vitamin D retailers, go to www.thevitamindcure.com.
Stay Away from Too Much Vitamin A
When you're shopping for vitamin D, avoid supplements with vitamin A in them. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 The extra enzymes and probiotics enhance the digestibility and bioavailability of the nutrients found in LivingFuel Rx Super Greens.
LivingFuel Rx Super Greens is suitable for vegetarians or people with gluten sensitivities. It contains no animal products and no wheat.
Beyond the label
(Statements of opinion by Mike Adams, the Health Ranger)
LivingFuel Rx Super Greens contains more than a thousand phytonutrients that can help prevent and even reverse serious diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis and many more. |
Gabriel Cousens
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 The active principle of shilajit is fulvic acid, which improves the bioavailability of important trace minerals, and there is some feeling that it creates regeneration in the pancreatic cells. It is known as an adaptogen and should be taken mostly during the winter.
COCCINIA INDICA
Coccinia indica seems to have a blood glucose lowering effect that operates on the same mechanism as bitter melon.185'186
GINGKO BILOBA
Gingko biloba has membrane-stabilizing flavones and anthocyanides, which seem to protect against retinopathy. |
Mark Sircus
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 Since magnesium is not passively absorbed it demonstrates saturable absorption resulting in variable bioavailability averaging 35-40% of administered dose, even under the best conditions of intestinal health.
Magnesium levels in the body, presence of calcium, phosphate, phytate, and protein can affect rate of absorption. These and other conditions make oral magnesium supplements intake chancy and inefficient compared to the new transdermal magnesium chloride mineral therapy that this book introduces. |
| It should be understood that we need more research into studies on absorbability and bioavailability through the skin. Possibly what is best is a combination approach ?alternating between baths, direct spraying on the body, and oral intake while increasing the intake of foods high in magnesium. When one uses all avenues together it is easier to bring ones magnesium levels up and then to maintain one's intake.
Magnesium Chloride
1oz.
3,300mg.
Food Sources of Magnesium
Spirulina,
1oz. |
Steven V. Joyal
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| Study on safety and bioavailability of ubiquinol (Kaneka QH) after single and 4-week multiple oral administration to healthy volunteers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006 Aug 17.
Hu FB et al. Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:890-97.
Hypponen E et al. Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: A birth-cohort study. Lancet200\ Nov 3; 358(9292):1500-3.
Imparl-Radosevich J et al. Regulation of PTP-1 and insulin receptor kinase by fractions from cinnamon: Implications for cinnamon regulation of insulin signaling. |
Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D.
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| The results of this study showed virtually no bioavailability of the nonsolu-bilized powdered hard capsule. However, each of the fully solubilized preparations was quickly absorbed. Blood levels of coenzyme Q10 reached their peak in approximately six hours following administration, and contributed to elevated levels for the full 144 hours of the test (see Figure 4.4 below).
While this study clearly showed the importance of dose form for intestinal absorption, it did not look at the longer-term effects of chronic coenzyme Q10 supplementation on elevating blood levels. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 Researchers are actually hoping to turn these enzyme blockers into a kind of "super-pill" that can be given with prescription drugs to increase their bioavailability. But until that day, do not mix and match prescription meds with grapefruit juice! Multiple studies have also suggested that grapefruit juice raises the risk of kidney stones.
C* rapes
Grapes are one of my favorite desserts, but my secret is this: I freeze them. Don't knock it till you try it. They taste like little balls of sherbet, and they're the perfect munchy finger food for watching late-night reruns of Seinfeld. |
Lester A. Mitscher and Victoria Toews
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 The auto-oxidation process increases the bioavailability of the caffeine content; therefore, black tea as a beverage contains the greatest amounts of caffeine. Oolong tea has only half the caffeine of black tea, and green tea contains only one-third the caffeine of black tea.
The effects of caffeine on the body have been well documented. Soon after caffeine is consumed, it is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Within an hour, caffeine levels in the bloodstream reach their peak, and caffeine remains circulating in the bloodstream for many hours. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| Although protective effects of other dietary components were not considered in the Australian study, there is evidence to suggest that selenium plays a protective role by reducing the bioavailability of mercury [21].
3. Spina Bifida and Other Birth Defects The recognition of a relationship between nutrition and the etiology of certain developmental disabilities has been most fully realized in the case of spina bifida and other neural tube defects (NTD). |
Tom Bohager
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 The enzymes improved the bioavailability of both proteins and carbohydrates in the lumen of the small intestine, not only under impaired digestive conditions, but also in healthy human digestion.
Glucose availability was increased fourfold in the "perfect" digestive system and by seven times in the impaired digestion model. Proteins were twice as bio-available in the impaired digestive process. The activity of any digestive enzyme supplement in the small intestine "presupposes that the enzymes survive the acidity of the stomach. |
Ann N. Martin
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 All minerals used in this food are chelated, which increases the bioavailability (allowing more minerals to be absorbed into the system). There are no byproducts, fillers, artificial colors, or preservatives. This company also encourages a "natural approach," which means occasionally adding portions of fresh meat and vegetables to a pet's diet.
Homemade Diets for Pets
Many people have told me that they are terrified that if they feed their pet anything other than what comes out of a can or bag they may be harming their beloved animals. They believe that their pet will keel over and die. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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| That's true—but according to an article in the August 2004 Journal of Nutrition, lutein bioavailability is even higher from eggs than it is from supplements.
Carotenoids are always better absorbed with some fat, and lutein is a carotenoid—hence, even though there is a little less lutein in egg yolk than there is in spinach (another good source of lutein), it's more bioavailable. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
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| The consistency of this relationship across diverse groups and involving various concurrent diet manipulations (with differences in amounts of dietary factors that could alter carotenoid bioavailability) is notable, although considerable interindividual variation in the degree of response is typically observed. Also, nondietary factors that are among the determinants of plasma carotenoid concentrations (e.g. |
| Factors affecting the bioavailability of soy isoflavones in humans after ingestion of physiologically relevant levels from different soy foods. J. Nutr. 136, 45-51.
60. Karr, S., Lampe, J., Hutchins, A., and Slavin, J. (1997). Urinary isoflavonoid excretion in humans is dose dependent at low to moderate levels of soy-protein consumption. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 66, 46-51.
61. Atkinson, C, Berman, S., Humbert, O., and Lampe, J. W. (2004). In vitro incubation of human feces with daidzein and antibiotics suggests interindividual differences in the bacteria responsible for equol production. J. Nutr. |
| The free choline is absorbed by the enter-ocytes via carrier-mediated transport [18, 19], whereas betaine is absorbed most probably by active Na+ or Cl~ coupled, and passive Na+-independent transport systems (reviewed in [20]), at a faster rate than choline [21, 22].
The bioavailability of choline-derived compounds is different in infants than in adults, as a consequence of differences in both the physiology of their digestive system [17] and in the choline content of the milk [23].
B. |
Bottom Line Health
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| Helpful: To maximize the bioavailability of the nutrients that are found in beef, prepare it medium-rare.
For a convenient protein source that lasts for several days, roast a turkey breast or chicken in an oven cooking bag, slice it up and use it during the week.
As an alternative to meat, consider using whey protein powder—an excellent source of protein derived from milk.
Look for cold filtered and ion exchanged on the label, which indicates that the processing has removed lactose (milk sugar) and casein (a highly allergenic protein found in milk). |
Bryan Hanson, PhD
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 The acid-base behavior exhibited by most alkaloids is important in understanding their bioavailability, which is how well they are ab-
CH3
Caffeine Guanine
FIGURE 4.10. Molecules related to nucleic acids. sorbed into the bloodstream and get to the site of action (this topic is addressed more fully in Chapter 6; see Figure 6.4). At the pH of plant cells (7.4-7.6), in human blood, and in the highly acidic environment of the human stomach, the nitrogen atom(s) of most alkaloids will bear an extra hydrogen atom and thus carry a positive charge (we say the nitrogen atom is protonated). |
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