(NaturalNews) The brain responds to the caloric content of food, not just to its sweet flavor, according to a study conducted by researchers from Duke University Medical Center.
For the study, the researchers compared the reactions of normal mice and mice that had been bred to have no sense of taste. First, they fed both normal and taste-blind mice both normal water and a sugar (sucrose) solution. They found that while the normal mice immediately preferred the sweet solution, the taste-blind mice at first did not distinguish between the two. Eventually, however, even the taste-blind mice began to preferentially lick at the
sugar solution.
In the next test, the researchers let both groups of mice choose between plain
water and water artificially sweetened with zero-calorie
sucralose. While the normal mice immediately preferred the artificially sweetened solution, the taste-blind mice never showed any preference.
Next the researchers implanted probes in the animals' brains to observe how the different solutions affected the secretion of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with the sensation of pleasure.
In the normal mice, two different regions of
the brain released dopamine when either
sucrose or sucralose was tasted: the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of the ventral striatum and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In the taste-blind mice, however, the OFC region never responded, and the NAcc region responded only to sucrose. This suggests that while the OFC region is activated by sweetness, and either sweetness or
calories activate dopamine secretion from the NAcc region.
The new
research suggests that the
body is able to distinguish between truly sugary
foods and those that only
taste sweet. This may partially account for findings that people
eating low-calorie foods can end up consuming more calories than people eating higher calorie foods, because the low calorie foods are not as effective at making the body feel full.
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